OASPL, Comparison of experiment (symbol) and LES (symbol/line)

Cold M
j
=1.95 and Heated M
j
=0.97, Bodonyand Lele(2005)
With sameexit velocity, cold jet is louder in both LES & experiment
Cold M
j
=1.95
Heated M
j
=0.97
Dilatation (black/white) - Acoustic pressurefluctuation
Vorticity (color) - Hydrodynamic pressurefluctuation
Cold M
j
=2.2 Underexpandedjet, Bodony, Ryuand Lele(2005)
Upstreampropagating shock-associated noise and downstream
propagating turbulent mixing noise areobserved
Challenges
Results Approach Introduction
Future work
Acknowledgement
Aircraft noise limits the future growth of aviation.
Increasingly stringent community noise regulations
are in effect.
Long termgoals are to limit significant aircraft noise
to airport perimeter.
Environmentally friendly solutions are needed.
(Noise and emissions need to be reduced)
Computational Aeroacoustics
Jaiyoung Ryu
2
, Arjun Sharma
2
, William Wolf
1
, Mohammad Shoeybi
2
, Parviz Moin
2
and Sanjiva K. Lele
1, 2
Stanford University, Departments of Aeronautics and Astronautics
1
, Mechanical Engineering
2
Sponsored by Boeing, NASA, Fulbright and CAPES
K. Viswanathan, Boeing
Aircraft noise consists of
Airframe noise (wings, slats/flaps, landing gear)
Engine noise (combustion, turbo-machinery)
Jet noise and Fan noise
Jet noise is dominant at take-off.
Airframe noise is dominant at landing.
Modeling must capture unsteady processes that
generate aerodynamic noise.
Flows of interest are complex and have broad range
of spatial and temporal scales.
Only a tiny fraction of flow energy radiates as sound.
Accurate far-field sound calculations are
computationally expensive.
Need to include the nozzle geometry in order to
capture high frequency sound sources.
Direct Computation of Near-fields
DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation)
Navier-Stokes equations are numerically solved
without any turbulence model
Whole range of spatial and temporal scales of the
turbulence must be resolved
With high order finite difference scheme and careful
boundary treatment, can compute noise directly
LES (Large Eddy Simulation)
Navier-Stokes equations with sub-grid scale model
are solved
Can predict instantaneous turbulent flow structures
and noise like DNS, but more efficient
Hybrid Method
Unsteady nonlinear flow (noise sources) captured
using DNS/LES.
Acoustic analogy (Lighthill, FfowcsWilliams-
Hawkings) used to predict far-field sound.
Kirchhoff surface extrapolation for far-field sound
Boundary Element Method (BEM) used to
predict far-field sound. Computationally expensive
for realistic configurations with several DOF.
Fast BEMused to predict far-field sound in large-
scale problems. BEM is accelerated by a multi-level,
adaptive Fast MultipoleMethod (FMM).
High speed jet aeroacoustics
Understand the sources of jet noise using LES data
Increase the bandwidth of predictions:
Subgridscale noise models
Include nozzle geometry in RANS/LES simulation
High resolution in the near-nozzle region
Low speed airframe noise
Develop new capability for high-fidelity, physics-based
aerodynamics noise predictions for airframe noise
Improve understanding of airframe noise sources and
explore the strategies for their mitigation including
novel application of flow control.
Axial velocity (main figure) and vorticitymagnitude(inset) are
shown. Mach number locally gets as high as 1.25.
Cold M
j
=0.9 jet simulation with ARN converging nozzlewith
D=2in.
Acoustic scattering around amulti-element wing dueto two monopole
sources for kc~5.0, Wolf and Lele(2008)
Fast 2-D and 3-D scattering codewith amulti-level adaptiveFMM,
Wolf and Lele(2008)
Trailing edgescattering dueto amonopolesourcefor kc~40.0 (left)
CPU timefor 3-D Fast BEM and Direct BEM multi-element wing
simulation (right). FMM-BEM is 9.7 times faster than Direct BEM
Vorticity(color) and dilatation (gray) contours for M=0.3 flow over
NACA0012 airfoil at Re=10,000 at angleof attack of 5 deg.
Noisedueto vortex shedding observed.