Set No.1: IV B. Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2009

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Code No: R05 410108 Set No.1

IV B. Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2009
WATER RESOURCES SYSTEM ANALYSIS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All Questions carry equal marks
********
1 (a) What are the different techniques used in water resources system analysis?
(b) Describe the concepts of system analysis.
2. Explain the following with respect to linear programming

i) Feasible solution
ii) Basic feasible solutions
iii) Optimal solutions
3. Use the simplex method to solve the following problem and verify the solution by the
graphical method
Minimize z = 3x1 + 8x2
Subject to x1 + 3x2 >= 12,
3x1 + 5x2 >= 30,
x1 >= 0,
x2 >= 0.
4. Explain in detail Belman’s of principles of optimality forward and backward

recursive dynamic programming.
5. Explain the following

(i) Unidirectional Search Methods
(ii) Direct Search Methods
(iii) Gradient-Based Methods
(iv) Conjugate Gradient Methods
6. A reservoir is planned to supply water at a constant rate per seasons to an industry. The
reservoir inflows in the four seasons of a year are 1500, 800, 1200, and 500 respectively
and repeat every year. Consider evaporation loss from reservoir in any season to be 5 %
of the average storage in that season. Neglect all other losses. Formulate and solve an LP
model to determine the constant maximum rate of water supply per season, if the
reservoir capacity is 450 units.
7. Discuss elaborately principles of economics analysis in water resources.
8. Explain the formulation of LP model for optimal cropping pattern
*********
(Civil Engineering)
********
1. (a) Mentioned different types of systems and describe linear and nonlinear
systems.
(b) Briefly explain advantages and limitation of system approach to water
Resources.
2 Apply simplex method to Minimize z = 20 x + 14 y ,

subject to x +y <= 18,
5x+3y>=10,
4x+6y=20,
x>=0,
y unrestricted.
graphical method
3x1 + 5x2 >= 30,
x1 >= 0,
x2 >= 0.


6. A reservoir is to be constructed to supply water at a maximum constant rate per season for
a city. The inflows in the six seasons of the year are 3, 12, 7, 3, 2 and 3 respectively.
Determine the minimum required reservoir capacity using sequent peak method. Neglect
all losses.
7. Discuss elaborately benefit cost analysis in water resources.
8 Explain the formulation of LP model for optimal operation of single reservoir system
*********
(Civil Engineering)
********
1. (a) List out different types of systems and describe lumped parameter and
distributed parameter systems.
(b) Describe time variant and time invariant systems and continuous, discrete
and quantized systems.
2 Explain the formulation of optimization model for water resources

systems using linear programming.
graphical method
3x1 + 5x2 >= 30,
x1 >= 0,
x2 >= 0.


6. Discuss the model formulation of reservoir capacity using linear programming.
7. Water is supplied from a project for two types of uses: rural and urban. The demand
curve for rural use is given by P + 3y = 30, and the demand curve for urban use is
4P + y = 40, where y is the demand and P is price in appropriate units. Determine the
combined demand curve.
8 Explain the formulation of LP model for irrigation water allocation to single and multiple
crops.
************
(Civil Engineering)
********
1 (a) Discuss systems approach to water resources planning and management.
(b) Explain basic problems in systems analysis
2 Explain the advantages and limitations of simplex method

iv) Convex feasible region.
graphical method
3x1 + 5x2 >= 30,
x1 >= 0,
x2 >= 0


6. Discuss the model formulation of optimal operating policy for a reservoir using
linear programming.
7. A water project is proposed to supply water for municipal and irrigation uses. Municipal
demand is given by P+2Y=10, and irrigation demand is given by 2P+Y=20, where P is
the price and Y is the demand.
i)Determine the aggregate demand curve.
ii)Assuming the total cost curve is given by C = (1/4) Y2 +Y, determine the
optimal level of Y.
iii)Determine the share of municipal and irrigation supplies at optimal level of Y
8 Explain the formulation of LP model for conjunctive use of surface and sub surface water
resources.
***********
Code No: R05410109 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, March 2009
AIR POLLUTION AND CONTROL
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Explain stationary sources of air pollution.

(b) Explain mobile sources of air pollution.Describe the same with changing pat-
terns of human life.
(c) How are artificial sources responsible for creation of oxides of carbon?[5+8+3]
2. (a) In the natural ‘Carbon cycle’, explain the meaning of sink and its significance.
(b) Discuss photochemistry of Ozone depletion in brief. [8+8]
3. (a) Discuss the combustion of coal and air pollutants generated.

(b) Discuss the combustion of oil in automobile engines. What are the major air
pollutants? [9+7]
4. (a) Discuss the air pollutant dispersion in Urban and rural areas.
(b) Explain the effects of air pollution on urban meteorology. [7+9]
5. (a) Explain the terms

i. Environmental lapse rate
ii. Adiabatic lapse rate
iii. Wind Rose.
(b) A 100 m stack of diameter 5m releases a gas at 13.5 m/sec with a temperature
of 145 0 C. Calculate the plume rise assuming a wind speed at stack height of
4m/sec and an ambient temperature of 15 0 C if the environmental lapse rate
is
i. 1.5 0 C / 100m
ii. 0.5 0 C / 100m. [6+10]
6. Draw a neat sketch of a typical cyclone separator and label the parts. Give the
proportions of the various parts with respect to cyclone diameter. Explain the
principle and working of it. [16]
7. Explain how do you control the emission of NOx by the following treatment meth-
ods:
(a) Absorption by Alkaline solutions.

(b) Absorption by Lime.
(c) Adsorption by Solids. [16]
1 of 2
8. (a) Explain the environmental guidelines for industries.
(b) Write in detail the environmental input assersment. [8+8]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
2 of 2
(Civil Engineering)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) What do you mean by hydrocarbons? How do they influence the quality of
air?
(b) Discuss the properties of particulates.
(c) Discuss ‘Ozone’ as an air pollutant. [6+6+4]
2. (a) Describe the ill effects of Acid rain on metals.

(b) Describe the ill effects of Acid rain on fertility and crop yield. [9+7]
3. (a) What is thermodynamics? Why it is relevant in the study of air pollution.

(b) Discuss the cause of CO production. [8+8]
4. (a) Explain any two major Air-Pollution disasters. How did these disasters chal-
lenge the environmentalists?
(b) Explain the term Green House Effect and the causes. Describe the global
scenario of the same. [9+7]
5. (a) Explain the effect of water bodies, ridges, valleys, terrain roughness on pollu-
tant dispersion.
(b) Write a short notes on air pollution modelling. [10+6]
6. (a) What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of electro static precipitators?
(b) Design a tubular ESP to treat 10,000 m3 /hr of a gaseous stream from a paper
mill for an efficiency of 90%. Assume an effective migration velocity of 0.075
m/sec. [8+8]
7. Explain stack gas emission standards for different industries. [16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
(Civil Engineering)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Define Air pollution according to Bureau of Indian Standards, IS -4167 (1966).
Explain the terms Gas, Fog, Aerosol and Particulate.
(b) Differentiate between Primary and Secondary air pollutants. Explain the for-
mation of Ozone in the atmosphere as a secondary pollutant. [9+7]
2. (a) Enlist at least three and three products in which they are used.
(b) Write a brief note on major atmospherically changes in the nature.
(c) Which are the macro and micro level remedies to check the growth of air
pollution in the atmosphere. [8+4+4]
3. (a) Discuss the combustion of coal and air pollutants generated.

(b) Discuss the combustion of oil in automobile engines. What are the major air
pollutants? [9+7]
4. (a) Discuss the following terminology:

i. Troposphere
ii. Stratosphere
iii. Mesosphere.
(b) Discuss the role of Heat and temperature in governing changes in atmosphere.
[10+6]
5. A thermal power plant burns 100 tonnes of coal with 5.5% sulphur content. Cal-
culate the minimum stack height required. The particulate concentration in flue
gases is 8000mg/m3 and the gas flow rate is 20m3 /sec. [16]
6. (a) What are the general applications of the following air pollution control equip-
ment?
i. Cyclones
ii. Fabric filters
iii. ESP’s
(b) An industrial installation has two ESPs each designed to handle 48 m3 /sec.
The collecting surface per precipitator is 1440 m2 . For a migration velocity of
0.13 m/sec, calculate the efficiency of each precipitator. If one of the precipi-
tators is shut down and it is decided to treat the total gas volume in the other
precipitator, calculate the new efficiency. [8+8]
1 of 2
7. (a) List the various procedures for controlling the emission of NOx.
(b) Explain, how do you control the emission of SOx by the following process.
i. cu o / cu so4 process
ii. ASARCO Process
iii. COMINO Process. [4+12]
8. (a) What are the Ambient Air quality standards by Central Pollution Control
Board of India?
(b) What are the factors to be considered, when a general air pollution survey is
undertaken in a city. [8+8]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
2 of 2
(Civil Engineering)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Define Air pollution according to Bureau of Indian standards,IS-4167(1966).

(b) Define the following popular terms of air pollution
i. Aerosol
ii. Smog
iii. Smoke.
(c) Describe the following terminology with examples and applications
i. Absorption
ii. Air quality
iii. Ambient. [5+6+5]
2. (a) Enlist at least three and three products in which they are used.
(b) Write a brief note on major atmospherically changes in the nature.
(c) Which are the macro and micro level remedies to check the growth of air
pollution in the atmosphere. [8+4+4]
3. (a) Most of the three wheelers of para transit transport (Auto-Rickshaws)are con-
verted to CNG engines. Give your comments from air pollution point of view.
(b) Enlist the specific air pollutants. Explain the effects on human health of the
same.
(c) Discuss the visibility impairment and the economic losses due to air pollution.
[7+5+4]
4. (a) Explain the role of atmospheric levels in the air pollution phenomenon.
(b) Discuss the various scales of meteorology. [9+7]
5. Find the effective stack height if a 40m stack releases SPM at a rate of 1.25
grams/sec. The atmospheric pressure is 10.8m of water. The temperatures of
ambient air and gas are 27 0 C and 400 0 C. The stack diameter is 2.3m, stack gas
velocity is 6m/sec and the wind velocity is 1.8m/sec. Also find the ground level
concentrations at 1 km, 2km, 5 km and 10 km distances in the direction of wind.
Note : [16]
X(km) 1 2 5 10
σy 4 133 300 510
σz 30 50 95 150
1 of 2
6. Design a parallel plate ESP with an efficiency of:
(a) 90%
(b) 99%
(c) 99.9% of removal of 0.75 µm sized fly ash from a cement industry with a gas
flow rate of 12 m3 /sec. The drift velocity Vp = 2.5 ×105 dp m/sec. [8+8]
8. (a) Compare the functions of Central Pollution Control Board with the functions
of State Pollution Control Boards in the area of Air pollution control.
(b) Explain briefly the salient features of the Air Pollution control acts in the
following countries:
i. U.S.A.
ii. U.K. [8+8]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
2 of 2
GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks:80
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1. a) List out deep compaction techniques and discuss in detail one of the deep compaction
technique.
b) Explain in detail, How the Explosion technique can be used to improve the Ground. In what
type of soil and ground conditions you recommend this technique
2. a) Describe in details how the lime columns improve the performance of the ground
b) What are the different drains available for accelerate the consolidation process and Discuss
the mechanism of improvement in the ground with the vertical drains.
3. What are the different types of geo-synthetics are available ? Explain their functions and
mechanism of where and what kind of geo-synthetics can be preferred in the field conditions
with examples.
4. Describe briefly any Three of the following.

(a) Foundation Problems in expansive soils
(b) Foundation practices in Expansive soils
(c) CNS layer
(d) Moisture Variation in expansive soil with depth and its
importance in design of foundations on such soils.
5. a) Discuss in detail, Ruthfuchs method of proportioning of materials.

b) Explain in detail Laboratory dynamic compaction test? Give the typical data obtained in this
test and give computational steps and interpretation of the results.
6. a) What is the concept of reinforced earth.

b) What are the design steps of reinforced earth wall. Design a reinforced earth wall by
considering suitable example.
7. a)Discuss the design steps for design of soil cement mixture in soil-cement stabilization
b) What are the factors influence the affect of cement stabilization? Discuss each of the factor
affect the cement - stabilized soil.
8. a) Discuss the design steps for design of soil lime mixture in lime-cement stabilization.
b) What are the different types of admixtures can be used in the stabilization ?
**********
(Civil Engineering)
********
1. a) Describe in detail laboratory compaction using stress path simulation?
b) Explain in detail vibro-compaction test and vibro-replacement test. What is the main difference
between these two type of techniques.
2. a) Explain in detail, How the pre-compress can be done in the ground. In what type of soil and
ground conditions you recommend this technique. How you can reduce the time required for
improving the ground in this technique?
b) Describe in details how the stone columns improve the performance of the ground
3. a) What are the advantages of the reinforced earth wall against a rigid reinforced wall
b) Discuss in detail the design principles of component parts of the reinforced earth wall.
4. a) How the sand Cushion is effective in arresting of heave. Explain in detail. Is it effective for many
years ? If Yes Explain in detail.
b) What is the mechanism of granular pile anchor, while arresting heave ? Explain with sketches in
detail.
5. a) Explain triangular chart method of blending of aggregates.
b) Discuss in detail Field compaction control.
c) What is the mechanism in Mechanical Stabilization?

6. a) Differentiate the axial and bi-axial geo-nets by considering the field applications.
b) A very soft clay stratum of 20 m thick is available from the ground level. For this field condition
suggest and give the complete solution of ground improvement techniques using geo-synthetics.
7. Write short Note on any four of the following.
(a) Nature of the soil affect the Cement Stabilization

(b) Mixing in Cement Stabilization
(c) Amount of Cement required in Cement Stabilization
(d) Influence of moisture content on the Cement soil stabilization
(e) Compaction conditions on Cement Stabilization
Admixtures for soil-cement in Soil-Cement Stabilization
8. a) What are the factors effecting the lime stabilization?

b) Discuss the design steps for design of soil bitumen mixture in soil-bitumen stabilization.
*********
(Civil Engineering)
********
1. (a) Describe the multistage well point system of dewatering technique with the help of
neat sketch ? 8m
(b) Write a note on Electro osmosis technique for removal of water from cohesive soils ?
8m
2. (a) Discuss the factors affecting Bituminous stabilization? 8m

(b)Describe the Rothfutch method for proportioning the soils to get the required
gradation. 8m
3. (a)What are the in-situ densification methods in granular soils ? Explain any one method.
8m
(b)Explain how compaction is controlled in the field. 8m
4. (a) What are advantages and disadvantages of stone columns with reference to sand
drains. 8m
(b) Explain how lime columns are effective in treating expansive soils. 8m
5. (a) Discuss the theory related to lime and cement stabilization. 8m

(b)Explain the components of reinforced earth wall with the help of neat sketch.
8m
6. (a) What are the different functions and applications of geosynthetics. 8m

(b)Write a note on design principles of reinforced earth walls. 8m
7. (a) Discuss the problems of expansive soils. 8m

(b)Explain the IS method for the determination of swell pressure? 8m
8. Write short notes on the following 4x4m

1. Under – reamed piles
2. Preloading
3. Vibration at the ground surface.
4. Calcium chloride stabilization.
*********
(Civil Engineering)
********
1 (a) Describe the Vacuum well point system of dewatering technique with the help of neat
sketch? 8m
(b) Write a note on Vibration at the ground surface.
8m
2. (a) Discuss the factors affecting Lime stabilization? 8m

(b) Describe the Triangular chart method for proportioning the soils to get the required
gradation. 8m
3. (a) Write a note on Electro osmosis dewatering technique? 8m

(b) Explain the factors effecting the mechanical stabilization? 8m
4. (a) Explain how stone column technique is effective in improving the soils. 8m
(b) Write a note on vertical sand drains. 8m
5. (a) Discuss how soil-cement mix is designed. 8m

(b) Explain the factors governing the design of reinforced earth walls. 8m
6. (a) What are the different applications of geosynthetics with the help of neat sketch. 8m
(b) Write a note on properties of geotextiles. 8m
7. (a) Discuss the problems of expansive soils. 8m

(b) Write a note on Under-reamed pile foundation? 8m
8. Write short notes on the following.

(4X 4m)
i). Determination of swell pressure
ii). Wick drains
iii). Impact at the ground surface
iv) Sodium Silicate stabilization.
********
RELIABILITY ENGINEERING AND APPLICATIONS TO POWER SYSTEMS
(Electrical &Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max.Marks:80
********
1.
a) Explain about the mutually exclusive event and complementary events.
b) Derive the expressions for expected value and standard deviation for binomial
distribution.
2.
a)What is meant by partially redundant system? Explain briefly.
b)Derive the symbolic reliability expression for reliability and unreliability for the
following system and hence evaluate the same if each component has the reliability of 0.8
1 2
4
s t
3.
a)Derive the expression for MTTF in terms of R(t) .
b)If 2-components R1 (t) and R2 (t) are connected in parallel with λ 1 and λ2 be the failure
rate of components, develop the expression for Rs(t) and MTTF.
4.
a) Explain discrete Markov model for one component repairable model.
b)For the following 3-state system, evaluate LSP of each state.
1
¼ 1
/3
½
2 3
1
/3
5.
Develop the frequency and duration concept for 2-component repairable model by
developing state space diagram and develop the expressions for state probability, frequency
of encountering individual states and mean deviation of individual states.
6.
a)Explain the combined Generation and Load model.
b)A Generating station of two units of capacities 60MW&40MW with failure rates of 0.08
f/day and 0.05f/day respectively. If mean time to repair either unit is 20 days, calculate
LOLP,LOLE and frequency of the failure of the system. It has steady load of 50MW.Take
ρ=0.5, do=1 day.
7. (a) Illustrate with load duration curve, explain the procedure for evaluating LOLP &
LOLE.
b)Consider there are 2-generating units of 25MW each and one unit of 50MW in a
generating station. The failure rate of each unit is 0.01/day and repair rate is 0.49/day. The
load data is ,
Peak load (MW) : 57 52 46 41 34

No. of occurrences- : 12 83 107 116 47
in a year
Compute LOLE.
8. a)Explain the various basic and performance reliability indices of radial networks.
b)For the following simple radial system data, calculate the customer and load oriented
indices.
Load Point No. of customers Avg.load demand

L1 200 1000
L2 150 700
L3 100 400
*********
Code No: R05 410208 SET - 2
(Electrical & Electronics Engineering)
********
1. a) Explain the concept of conditional probability with the suitable example.
b) A win is tossed 5 times. Evaluate the probability of each possible outcome and draw
the probability distribution and probability density function.
2. a) Explain the various ways through which we can evaluate the reliability of a complete
network.
b) Derive the General expression for Reliability of the system whose R.L.D is shown
below for fully redundant case. Find the same if reliability of each component is 0.8.
Repeat the above if out of the components 4, 5 and 6 at least 2 of the component are
required for the system success.
3
1 2
S K
4
3. a) Define the reliability functions Hazard rate function h(t) and probability, distribution
function f(f) with suitable equations.
b) Derive the formulae for expected value and standard deviation of exponential
distribution.
4. a) Explain the definition and properties of STPM
b) For the following 3-state system show in figure, evaluate the LSP of each state and
average number of time intervals spent in each state if state ‘3’ is defined as an absorbing
state.
1 1/3
1/4
2 3
1/3 1/2
5. Develop the frequency and duration concept for 2-component repairable model by
developing state space diagram and develop the expressions for state probabilities,
Frequency of encountering individual states and mean duration of individual states.
6. a) Develop the recursive relation for unit addition and removal.

b) In a generating station there are 3-units among which two are of 25MW capacity each
and one unit of 50MW. Each unit has a failure rate of 0.01F/d and the repair rate of 0.49
reparis/day. Using sequential addition method, determine the capacity outage cumulative
probability table.
7. a) Explain how weather effects are considered in reliability evaluation of transmission
lines.
b) Explain the various basic load point reliability indices and customer oriented indices
8. For the following simple radial system for which the failure rate, repair time of each line
are as below. Find the ʎL, ri and UL for each of load point
B C
A
Supply
L1 L2 L3
Line λ (f / hr) r (hours)
A 0.2 6.0
B 0.10 5.0
C 0.15 8.0
RELIABILITY ENGINEERING AND APPLICATIONS TO POWER
SYSTEMS
(Electrical &Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max.Marks:80
********
1. a) Explain the rules for combining probabilities.
b) How many 3-digit numbers can be formed from the numbers 0 to 9 if zero
cannot be used to fill the first place and if
i) Each number can be repeated
ii) Each number can be used once only.
2. a) Explain the principle of decomposition method of evaluating reliability of a

complex system.
b) Evaluate the reliability of the following complex network by conditional
probability approach.
Take R = 0.99 for each component
A
C
S E
t
B D
3. (a) Explain the various regions of “bath tub curve”.

(b) An electronic circuit consists of series combination of 6 transistors each
having a failure rate of 0.5 X 10-6 f / hr, 3 – capacitors each having a failure rate
of 0.2 X 10-6 f / hr, 10 resistors each having a failure rate of 5 X 10-6 f / hr and 2
switches with failure rate of 2 X 10-6 f/hr. Evaluate the failure rate of the circuit
and probability of the system surviving for 1000 hrs. And if 2 such circuits are
connected in parallel, find the probability of surviving for 1000 hrs if only one of
the circuits is required for system success.
4. Explain the procedure for evaluating LSP’s of each state for 2-component
repairable model (both for identical and non-identical units) by STPM approach.
5. Develop frequency and duration concept for 2-compenent repairable model by

developing state space diagram and develop the expressions for state
probabilities, frequency of encountering individual states and mean duration of
individual states.
6. (a) Explain the combined generation and local model.

(b) A generation station of 2-units of capacities 60 MW & 40 MW with failure
rates of 0.08 f/day and 0.05f / day respectively. If mean time to repair either unit
is 20 days, calculate LOLP, LOLE and frequency of the failure of the system. It
has a steady load of 50 MW. Take ρ = 0.5, d0 = 1 day.
7. (a) Illustrate with load duration curve, explain the procedure for evaluating LOLP
& LOLE.
(b) The distribution of daily peak loads is described by relative frequency
diagram shown below. Consider that there are 3 – generating units of 20 MW and
one unit of 40 MW having a failure rate of 0.4 f / year and repair rate of 9.6 r /
year. Combine the load model with generating model assuming 20 MW installed
reserve capacity is obtained and hence estimate the LOLP & LOLE.
30%
30% 20%
15%
5%
30 40 50 60 70 80
Load in MW
8. (a) Explain the various basic and performance reliability indices of radial systems.
(b) For the following radial system data, calculate the customer and load oriented
indices.
Load pt No. of customers Avg load demand
L1 200 1000
L2 150 700
L3 100 400
*******
Code No: R05 410208 Set 4
(Electrical & Electronics Engineering)
********
1 a) Explain about the Mutually Exclusive Event and complementary events.
b) Derive the expressions for Expected value and standard deviation for binomial
distribution.
2 a) Explain the concept of path based approach of evaluating the reliability of complex
system.
b) Obtain the reliability of the following complex system by path based approach. Take
reliability of each component as 0.99
A C
s t
E
B D
3 a) Explain the various regions of bath tub curve.
b) Derive the expressions for expected value and standard deviation for Exponential
distribution.
4 a) Explain the Discrete Markov model for 2 – component repairable model.
b) For the following 3- state system, Evaluate the LSP of each state.
1
1/3 1/4
1/3
3 2
1/2
5. Develop the frequency and duration concept for 2 – component repairable model by
developing state space diagram and develop the expressions for state probabilities, frequency of
encountering individual states and mean duration of individual states.
6 a) Derive the Recursive relation for unit addition and removal .
b) In a generating station there are 3-units among which two are of 25MW each and one unit is
of 50 MW. Each unit has a failure rate of 0.01F/day and the repair rate of 0.49 repairs/day.
Using the sequential addition methods, determine the capacity outage cumulative probability
table.
7 a) Explain the principle of Decomposition method.
b) Explain the various Basic load point reliability indices and customer oriented indices.
8. For the following system for which the failure rate, repair time of each line are as below, find
the λL , rL and UL for each of load print.
B C
A
Supply
L1 L2 L3
Line λ (f / hr) r (hours)
A 0.2 6.0
B 0.10 5.0
C 0.15 8.0
OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Explain a single variable optimization technique. [8]

(b) Find the maxima and minima of
x4
f (x) = (x−1)(x−3) 3
[8]
2. (a) State and explain the necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of rel-
ative optima in case of multivariable optimization with constraints. [8]
(b) Find the dimensions of a rectangular parallelepiped with largest volume whose
sides are parallel to the coordinate planes, to be inscribed in the ellipsoid. [8]
3. (a) In graphical method, when do you get [3+3=6]

i. infinite number of solutions
ii. No solutions.
(b) Solve the following LPP by graphical metgod [10]
Min Z = 5x1 − 2x2
Subject to 2x1 + 3x2 ≥ 1 and x1 , x2 ≥ 0
4. (a) Explain the significance of artificial variable in simplex method. [6]

(b) State and discuss the condition for an LPP to end at unbounded solution. [10]
5. (a) P
If all thePsources are emptied and all the destinations are filled, show that
ai = bj is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a
feasible solution to a transportation problem [8]
(b) Prove that there are only m+n-1 independent equations in a transportation
problem, m and n being the no. of origins and destinations and that any one
equation can be dropped as the redundant equation. [8]
6. Show that the function f(x)=x2 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 , f(x)=2-x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 , is unimodel

in (0,2).Use the Fibonacci method to find its maximal point with in an interval of
uncertainty 0.1. [16]
7. Explain the basic approach of the penalty function to solve a constrained nonlinear
programming problem. [16]
8. Use dynamic programming technique to solve the following problem. [16]

MaxZ = X1 .X2 .X3 .X4
Subject to X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 = 12
X1 , X2 , X3 , X4 ≥ 0.
1 of 2
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2 of 2
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

x4
f (x) = (x−1)(x−3) 3
[8]
2. (a) Use Lagrange Multiplier Method to solve [10]

min Z = x1 2 + x2 2 + x3 2
subject to x1 + x2 + 3x3 = 2,
5x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 5,
x1 , x2 , x3 >= 0.
(b) State the necessary conditions for existence of relative optima using Lagrange
Multiplier Method. [6]
3. (a) State and explain the standard form of LPP. [8]

(b) Explain the significance of slack, surplus and artificial variables of LPP. [8]
4. Use simplex method to maximize Z = 3x1 − x2

subject to 2x1 + x2 ≥ 2
x1 + 3x2 ≤ 3
x2 ≤ 4
x1 ≥ 0
[16]
5. (a) P
If all thePsources are emptied and all the destinations are filled, show that
ai = bj is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a
feasible solution to a transportation problem [8]
(b) Prove that there are only m+n-1 independent equations in a transportation
problem, m and n being the no. of origins and destinations and that any one
equation can be dropped as the redundant equation. [8]
6. Show that the function f(x)=x2 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 , f(x)=2-x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 , is unimodel

in (0,2).Use the Fibonacci method to find its maximal point with in an interval of
uncertainty 0.1. [16]
7. Consider the problem:

Minimize f = x21 + x22 − 6x1 − 8x2 + 15
1 of 2
Subject to
4x21 + x22 ≥ 16
3x1 + 5x2 ≤ 15
Normalize the constraints and find a suitable value of r1 for use in the interior
penalty function method at the starting point (x1 , x2 ) = (0, 0). [16]
8. A company has five salesmen, who have to be allocated to four marketing zones.
The return from each zone depends upon the number of salesmen working in that
zone. The expected returns for different number of salesmen in different zones, as
estimated from the past records are given below. Determine the optimal allocation
policy to maximize the profit. [16]
No of salesmen Marketing zones

1 2 3
0 45 30 35
1 58 45 45
2 70 60 52
3 82 70 64
4 93 79 72
5 101 90 82
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x4
f (x) = (x−1)(x−3) 3
[8]
2. Find the optimum solution of the following constrained multivariable problem: [16]
Maximise Z = 9 − x1 − 6x2 − 4x3 + 2x21 + 2x22 + x23 + 2x1 x2 + 2x1 x3
subject to x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 3
3. A TV manufacturing company has 3 major departments for its manufacture of two

methods A and B. Monthly capacities are given as follows:
Per unit time requirement Total machine hrs available in a
(hour) math
A B
Department 1 4 2 1600
Department 2 2.5 1 1200
Department 3 4.5 1.5 1600
The marginal profit of A is Rs 400/-each and that of model B is Rs 100/-. Assuming
that the company sells any quantity of either product due to favorable market con-
ditions, determine the optimum output for both models for higher possible profit
for a month. Use graphical method. [16]
4. Use simplex method to solve maximize Z = 2x1 + 5x2

Subjected to x1 + 2x2 ≤ 8
x1 ≤ 4
0 ≤ x2 ≤ 3 x1 is unrestricted.
[16]
5. (a) Explain with an example the various methods of finding BFS in transportation
problem
(b) Solve the following transportation problem [6]
Availability
4 5 7 25
7 7 3 20
7 3 5 40
Requirement 20 25 20 [10]
1 of 2
6. Write down the step wise procedure for implementing quadratic interpolation method.
[16]
7. Consider the problem:

Minimize f(x1 , x2 ) = (x1 − 1)2 + (x2 − 2)2
Subject to 2x1 − x2 = 0
and x1 ≤ 10
Construct φK function according to the interior penalty function approach and
complete the minimization of φK . [16]
8. In an investment project, only 8 units of money are available for allocation in unit
amounts to three investment programmes. The return function for each programme
is given in table. The function fi (x) represents the return from investing x units of
money in ith investment programme (i= 1,2,3......). What is the optimal investment
policy? [16]
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
f1 (X) 0 5 15 40 80 90 95 98 100
f2 (X) 0 5 15 40 60 70 73 74 75
f3 (X) 0 4 26 40 45 50 51 52 53
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1. (a) List out the various applications of optimization problems. [8]

(b) Find the extreme points of the functions. [8]
f (x1 , x2 ) = x1 3 + x2 3 + 2x1 2 + 4x2 2 + 6
2. (a) State and explain the necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of rel-
ative optima in case of multivariable optimization with constraints. [8]
(b) Find the dimensions of a rectangular parallelepiped with largest volume whose
sides are parallel to the coordinate planes, to be inscribed in the ellipsoid. [8]
3. (a) In graphical method, when do you get [3+3=6]

i. infinite number of solutions
ii. No solutions.
(b) Solve the following LPP by graphical metgod [10]
Min Z = 5x1 − 2x2
Subject to 2x1 + 3x2 ≥ 1 and x1 , x2 ≥ 0
4. Maximize Z = 8x2
subject to x1 − x2 ≥ 0
2x1 + 3x2 ≤ −6
x1 , x2 are unrestricted in sign use simplex method [16]
5. (a) Explain why BFS of transportion problem has (m+n-1) allocations. Where m
are no. of rows and n are no. of columns. [10]
(b) Explain different methods of obtaining BFS in transportion problem. [6]
6. Draw the flowchart of Powell’s method. Explain about each block. [16]
7. Explain an interior penalty function to solve a constrained nonlinear programming

problem. [16]
8. A cosmetics manufacturing company is interested in selecting the advertising media

for its product and the frequency of advertising in each media. The data collected
over the past two years regarding the frequency of advertising in three medias
of newspaper, radio and television and the related sales of the product give the
1 of 2
following results:
Frequency / week Expected sales in thousands of rupees

Television Radio Newspaper
1 210 160 110
2 280 245 180
3 300 300 225
4 360 330 250
The cost of advertising in newspaper is Rs.500 per appearance, while in radio and
in television it is Rs.900 and Rs.1800 respectively. The budget provides Rs.4500 per
week for advertisement. The problem is of determining the optimal combination of
advertising media and advertising frequency. [16]
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2 of 2
ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
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1. Calculate the load factor and demand factor for the street lighting and commercial
loads for the data:
Time 12am- 7am- 8am- 10am- 2 pm- 6pm 7pm 8 pm- 10pm-
6am 8am 9am 1pm 2 5pm 6pm 7pm 9pm 12pm
Street lighting, kW 100 – – – – – – 100 100
Commercial, kW 300 300 500 1100 1300 900 500 500 300
Also calculate the daily average power loss of the feeder if annual loss factor is 0.15.
[16]
2. (a) List out the factors which will affect the feeder routing decisions.
(b) Explain secondary mains of secondary distribution system.
(c) Define: Distance ratio & load ratio. [8+4+4]
3. Compute percent voltage drop of substation service area supplied with ‘n’ primary
feeders. Assume load is uniformly distributed. [16]
4. Show that the per unit voltage drop and the power loss in the primary line are
halved by changing a single phase lateral to an equivalent 3 phase lateral. [16]
5. (a) Explain when Maximum faults and Minimum faults occur in distribution sys-
tem.
(b) The per unit positive, negative and zero sequence impedances of a distributed
network are 0.08, 0.08 and 0.05 respectively. Determine the fault current for
L-L and L-G faults. [10+6]
6. (a) Explain Fuse-Circuit breaker coordination.

(b) Explain Recloser- Circuit breaker coordination. [8+8]
7. (a) Explain the effect of shunt compensation on distribution system.

(b) A 3-phase substation transformer has a name plate rating of 7250KVA and a
thermal capability of 120% of the name plate rating. If the connected load is
8816KVA with a 0.85pf lagging p.f., determine the following:
i. The KVAR rating of the shunt capacitor bank required to decrease the
KVA load of the transformer to its capability level.
ii. The power factor of the corrected level. [6+10]
8. (a) Explain Control and rating of voltage regulators.
1 of 2
(b) Describe the operation of AVR/AVB with neat diagram. [8+8]
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1. (a) Assume that a load of 100kW is connected at the riverside substation. The
15min. weekly maximum demand is given as 75kW, and the weekly energy
consumption is 4200kWh. Assuming a week is 7 days, fine the demand factor
and the 15min. weekly load factor of the substation.
(b) Classify different types of distribution loads and specify their voltage levels.
[8+8]
2. (a) Classify the types of primary feeders and give the applications of each type
primary feeder.
(b) Draw and explain one line diagram of secondary distribution system and ex-
plain the parts of it. [8+8]
3. Show that the service area of six feeders can carry 1.25 times as much load as the
four feeders if they are voltage drop limited. [16]
4. (a) Prove the power loss due to the load currents in the conductors of single phase
lateral ungrounded neutral case is 2 times large than one in the equivalent three
phase lateral.
(b) Prove the power loss due to load currents in the conductors of the single phase
two-wire ungrounded lateral with full capacity neutral is 6 times larger than
the one in the equivalent 3-Φ, 4 wire lateral. [8+8]
5. Describe the principle of operation of:
(a) fuses
(b) Circuit breakers
(c) Line sectionalizer
(d) circuit recloser. [4×4]
6. (a) Explain the salient points in general co-ordination procedure.

(b) Explain Fuse-Fuse coordination. [8+8]
7. (a) How is economical p.f arrived at for a given distribution system with different
loads.
(b) Explain shunt capacitors compensation. [8+8]
8. (a) Briefly explain the line drop compensation and voltage control.
1 of 2
(b) How an AVB can control voltage? With the aid of suitable diagram explain
its Function. [8+8]
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2 of 2
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1. Use the data given in table 1 for the load curve. Note that the peak occurs at 5
p.m. Determine the following:
(a) The class contribution factors for each of the three load classes
(b) The diversity factor for the primary feeder
(c) The diversified maximum demand of the load group
(d) The coincidence factor of the load group. [16]
Load, kW
Time Street Lighting Residential Commercial
12 a.m. 100 200 200
1 100 200 200
2 100 200
3 100 200 200
4 100 200 200
5 100 200 200
6 100 200 200
7 100 300 200
8 – 400 300
9 – 500 500
10 – 500 1000
11 – 500 1000
12 noon – 500 1000
1 – 500 1000
2 – 500 1200
3 – 500 2200
4 – 500 1200
5 100 600 1200
6 100 700 800
7 100 800 400
8 100 1000 400
9 100 1000 400
10 100 800 200
11 100 600 200
12 p.m. 100 300 200
2. (a) What is the advantage of express feeder in radial type primary feeder?
1 of 2
(b) List out the various factors which influence the primary feeder loading. [4+12]
3. Calculate % voltage drop of hexagonally shaped area of distribution substation.

[16]
4. (a) What are the different types of manual methods used for the solution of radial
networks and explain in detail.
(b) Derive the equation for load p.f. for which the voltage drop is maximum.
[10+6]
5. Discuss the various faults that occur and their probability. And give the procedure
for fault current calculation in L-L phase faults. [16]
6. (a) Explain Fuse-Circuit breaker coordination.

(b) Explain Recloser- Circuit breaker coordination. [8+8]
7. (a) Explain the effect of shunt compensation on distribution system.

(b) A 3-phase substation transformer has a name plate rating of 7250KVA and a
thermal capability of 110% of the name plate rating. If the connected load is
8816KVA with a 0.8pf lagging p.f., determine the following:
i. The KVAR rating of the shunt capacitor bank required to decrease the
KVA load of the transformer to its capability level
ii. The power factor of the corrected level. [6+10]
8. (a) Explain the use of induction regulator and voltage control.

(b) Discuss the effect of series capacitors on voltage control. [8+8]
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1. Define general concepts of distribution systems like maximum demand, diversified

demand, demand factor, connected load, plant factor, diversity factor, utilization
factor and load diversity. [16]
2. (a) Draw the primary network which is supplied by number of substations.

(b) Define secondary banking and explain different connections of secondary bank-
ing. [4+12]
3. (a) Explain a methodology for optimal location of substations and indicate the
benefits derived through this approach.
(b) How do you fix the rating of a distribution substation? Explain. [8+8]
4. (a) Consider a balanced three phase circuit shown in fig. 4 . R +jX represent
the total impedance of the line. The power factor of the load is cos θ = cos
(θV R −θr ). Find the load power factor for which the voltage drop is maximum?
(b) Prove the power loss due to load currents in the conductors of the 2 phase, 3 -
wire lateral with multi - grounded neutral is approximately 1.64 times larger
than the one in the equivalent three phase lateral. Also show that VDpu,2Φ =
2 × VDpu,3Φ . [6+10]
5. (a) What are the objectives of Distribution system protection.

(b) Explain about the operation of a Fuse. [10+6]
6. (a) Explain the salient points in general co-ordination procedure.

(b) Explain Fuse-Recloser coordination. [8+8]
7. (a) How is economical p.f arrived at for a given distribution system with different
loads.
(b) Explain shunt capacitors compensation. [8+8]
8. (a) Briefly explain the line drop compensation and voltage control.
(b) How an AVB can control voltage? With the aid of suitable diagram explain
its Function. [8+8]
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1 of 1
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
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1. (a) By means of at least two examples explain terms.

i. Desired inputs
ii. modifying inputs
iii. interfering inputs
iv. output
(b) How are the effects of modifying inputs and interfering inputs eliminated by
method of opposing inputs. Explain by means of an example. [8+8]
2. (a) Differentiate between rare metal thermocouples and base metal thermocou-
ples.
(b) Design a measurement system for displacement measurement using LDR (Light
dependent resistor) as sensor. [6+10]
3. (a) Explain the bellows arrangement used to measure absolute pressure gauge &
differential pressure gauge.
(b) How can a strain gauge be used to measure pressure with the help of flattened
tube pressure cell. [8+8]
4. Show that there exists a linear relation ship between the volume flow rate and
displacement of float in the case of a rotameter .Prove that if the density of the
float material is made twice that of flowing fluid, the volume flow rate becomes
independent of the density of the flowing fluid and compression is almost complete
for all flows. [16]
5. Describe the basic concept of the seismic instrument. Under what conditions is a
seismic instrument suitable for
(a) amplitude measurement and

(b) Acceleration measurements. [16]
6. (a) Explain the measurement of torsional strain.

(b) Discuss the following:
i. Grid materials
ii. Backing Materials
iii. Bonding Material. [8+8]
1 of 2
7. (a) With neat sketch, explain the working principle of Prony brake for estimating
power.
(b) What are the hygroscopic materials? Explain the working of any one of the
absorption hygrometers. [8+8]
8. (a) Suggest a simple control system which automatically turns on a room lamp
at dusk and turn it off in day light . Draw the schematics and block diagram
of the suggested control system.
(b) Distinguish between:
i. Position control
ii. Acceleration control. [8+8]
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2 of 2
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1. (a) Distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary calibrations.

(b) State and explain the desirable static and dynamic characteristics of measuring
instruments. [6+10]
2. (a) Explain by means of neat sketches, the use of helical potentiometers for dis-
placement measurement.
(b) Explain by means of neat sketches, the working principle of pressure ther-
mometers. [6+10]
3. (a) Describe the construction, working and theory of a Bridgman gauge for mea-
surement of high pressures.
(b) Briefly explain the principle employed in manometers used for the measure-
ment of pressure. [10+6]
4. (a) Describe the applications of flow measurements .What are the different factors
which influence the choice of method used for measurement of flow.
(b) Enumerate the principle of operation, construction details, advantages and
limitations of Electro magnetic flow meters. [6+10]
5. (a) Describe the working principle of D.C.Tachometer generator and what are its
advantages and disadvantages.
(b) Why vibrations has to be measured. How vibrations are measured? [10+6]
6. (a) Describe the working principles of strain gauge bridge with sketch. Indicate
their arrangements for measurement of torque on a circular shaft.
(b) Explain one method of temperature compensation using an adjacent arm com-
pensating gauge. [8+8]
7. (a) Explain with a diagram a pendulum scale of multi lever type.

(b) Explain the method of measuring of force using a pneumatic load cell. [8+8]
8. (a) What is a servo mechanism? Explain

(b) Describe the operation of a driver driving an automobile on the road and
identity the components, input and output of the human system. [8+8]
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1 of 1
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1. (a) Classify measuring instruments.

(b) What are desired, modifying and interfering inputs for a measurement system?
Give examples for each of these quantities. What is the influence of these on
the final output? [6+10]
2. (a) Differentiate between rare metal thermocouples and base metal thermocou-
ples.
(b) Design a measurement system for displacement measurement using LDR (Light
dependent resistor) as sensor. [6+10]
3. Describe the construction and principle of operating of dead weight tester .Explain
the factors that could affect the accuracy of such a device as a primary pressure
standard, and explain the precautions that could be observed in its use to ensure
that errors are reduced to minimum. [16]
4. (a) Explain how “a wire mounted normal to probe axis”, type hot wire anemome-
ter is used in flow measurement. Enumerate the principle of operation and its
limitations.
(b) List out the important of calibration of flow measuring instruments. [12+4]
5. (a) A centrifugal tachometer having range 25-300, 250-3000, and 2500-30000 rpm
is to used to measure the speed of a shaft which is believed to be in the vicinity
of 3000 rpm. What range setting should be tried and why?
(b) List any three mechanical tachometers used for measuring angular velocity
and briefly explain them with suitable diagrams. [4+12]
6. (a) What is a bonded strain gauge?
(b) List the main advantages and limitations of semiconductor strain gauges.
(c) Explain one method of temperature compensation using an adjacent arm com-
pensating gauge. [2+6+8]
7. (a) Explain the principle of working of load cell using strain gauges.
(b) Explain basic principle of Pendulum scale and Weight beam type device. [8+8]
8. (a) With suitable examples, bring out the advantages of closed loop system over
open loop system.
(b) Draw a block diagram of the closed loop system considered above. Also explain
why negative feed back is invariably preferred in such systems. [8+8]
1 of 2
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2 of 2
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1. Discuss the dynamic response characteristics of second order instruments to step

input. What are peak time and peak overshoot? [16]
2. (a) Classify displacement measurement transducers.
(b) Explain the working of a displacement measuring instrument using photo-
electric transducer by means of neat sketches. [6+10]
3. (a) Describe the working principle of a Bourdon tube pressure gauge.
(b) A U tube differential gauge is attached to two sections A & B in a horizontal
pipe in which oil of specific gravity 0.8 is flowing. The deflection of mercury
in the gauge is 60 cm, the level nearer to A begin the lower one. Calculate
the difference of pressure in N/m2 between the sections A&B. [8+8]
4. (a) List out various methods for measurement of level. Briefly indicate the features
of each.
(b) Explain the principle of hotwire anemometer. What are its merits and limi-
tations? [8+8]
5. (a) How will you determine the speed of hermitically sealed compressor installed
in a refrigerator? Explain its working principle.
(b) What is the basic difference in design and application between vibrometer and
accelerometer. [8+8]
6. (a) Explain the method of measuring force using strain gauges.
(b) What are the requirements of a strain gauge.
(c) Mention different technique available for the measurement of strain. [8+4+4]
7. (a) Define the various terms related to humidity.
(b) What are the hygroscopic materials? Explain the working of any one of the
absorption hygrometers. [8+8]
8. Write short notes the following :
(a) Servomechanism
(b) Temperature control system
(c) Position control system [5+6+5]
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1 of 1
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Distinguish between uniform sampling and non uniform sampling with respect
to Images.
(b) What are the advantages of non uniform sampling. [10+6]
2. (a) Find Fourier transform 2 -D sinusoidal function n(x,y) = A sin(u0 x + v0 y)

(b) Obtain the spectrum in above case. [10+6]
3. What is high boost filtering? How it is different from high pass filtering, compare
these techniques. [16]
4. Sketch perspective plot of an 2-D Ideal High pass filter transfer function and filter
cross section and explain its usefulness in Image enhancement. [16]
5. (a) What is meant by color Image smoothing? Explain.

(b) What is meant by color image Sharpening? Explain. [8+8]
6. (a) What is the function of Inverse Filter

(b) Draw the Appropriate Diagram for Inverse Filter
(c) Explain about Pseudoinverse Filter. [5+5+6]
7. (a) Explain about Sobel edge Detector.

(b) Explain about Laplacian of a Gaussian (LoG) Detector. [8+8]
8. What is Error Free Compression? Explain about variable length coding. [16]
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1 of 1
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1. (a) Discuss in detail sampling and quantization of Images.

(b) Define spatial resolution? What is its effect on Image processing. [10+6]
2. With mathematical expressions discuss Hotelling transform and explain how it is

useful in Image processing. How it is different from other transforms. [16]
3. Discuss the concept of derivative filters? How they are used in Image enhancement?
[16]
4. Sketch perspective plot of an 2-D Ideal Low pass filter transfer function and filter
5. Consider the following image composed of solid color squares for discussing your
answer, choose a gray scale consisting of eight shades of gray, 0 through 7, where 0
is black and 7 is white. Suppose that the image is converted to H S I color space,.
Answer the following questions:
(a) Sketch the hue image.

(b) Sketch the saturation image.
(c) Sketch the intensity image.
Note : use specific numbers for the grade shades. shown in figure 5c. [16]
Figure 5c
6. Explain about Iterative Nonlinear Restoration Using the Lucy-Richardson Algo-
rithm. [16]
1 of 2
7. (a) Find the edge Detection using function edge
(b) Explain about Sobel edge Detector. [8+8]
8. (a) Draw and explain a general compression system model.

(b) Draw the relevant diagram for source encoder and source decoder. [8+8]
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2 of 2
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1. A common measure of transmission for digital data is the baud rate, defined as the
number of bits transmitted per second. Generally, transmission is accomplished in
packets consisting of starting bit, a byte of information, and a stop bit. Using this
approach, answer the following.
(a) How many minutes would it take to transmit a 512×512 image with 128 grey
levels at 300 baud?
(b) What would the time be at 9600 baud?
(c) Repeat
(a) and (b) for a 1024×1024 image 128 grey levels. [16]

3. Discuss the following intensity transformations.
(a) Image negatives

(b) Contrast stretching
(c) Compression of dynamic range. [16]
4. Sketch perspective plot of an 2-D Ideal High pass filter transfer function and filter
5. Draw and explain HIS triangle of the RBG color cube. [16]
6. Explain about Adaptive, local noise reduction filter. [16]
7. A binary image contains straight lines oriented horizontally, vertically, at 450 and
at -450 give a set of 3×3 mask that can be used to detect 1-pixel-long brakes in
these lines.assume that the gray levels of lines is one and that the gray level of the
background is 0. [16]
8. (a) Draw and explain a general compression system model.

(b) Draw the relevant diagram for source encoder and source decoder. [8+8]
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1 of 1
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1. A common measure of transmission for digital data is the baud rate, defined as the
number of bits transmitted per second. Generally, transmission is accomplished in
pockets consisting of starting bit, a byte of information, and a stop bit. Using this
approach, answer the following.
(a) How many minutes would it take to transmit a 512×512 image with 256 grey
levels at 300 baud?
(b) What would the time be at 9600 baud?
(c) Repeat
(a) and (b) for a 1024×1024 image 256 grey levels. [16]

3. (a) Discuss Image sharpening with high pass masks.

(b) Discuss Image sharpening with high boost filtering. [8+8]
4. Give the expression for 2-D Butterworth High pass filter transfer function and
sketch it. Explain its usefulness in Image enhancement. [16]
5. Consider the following image composed of solid color squares for discussing your
answer, choose a gray scale consisting of eight shades of gray, 0 through 7, where 0
is black and 7 is white. Suppose that the image is converted to H S I color space,.
Answer the following questions:
(a) Sketch the hue image.

(b) Sketch the saturation image.
(c) Sketch the intensity image.
Note : use specific numbers for the grade shades. shown in figure 5c. [16]
1 of 2
Figure 5c
6. Explain about Adaptive, local noise reduction filter. [16]
7. What is Thresholding? Explain about Global Thresholding. [16]
8. An 8 level image has the gray level distribution given in table.
rk Pr (rk ) Code 1 L1 (rk ) Code 2 L2 (rk )

r0 = 0 0.19 000 3 11 2
r1 =1/7 0.25 001 3 01 2
r2 =1/7 0.21 010 3 10 2
r3 =3/7 0.10 011 3 001 3
r4 =4/7 0.08 100 3 0001 4
r5 =5/7 0.06 101 3 00001 5
r6 =6/7 0.03 110 3 000001 6
r7 =1 0.02 111 3 000000 6
(a) Construct the best B1 - code for the distribution.

(b) Construct the Huffman code for source symbol. [16]
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DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
(Electronics & Communications Engineering, Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
(Electronics & Control Engineering )
********
1. a) List six major steps that you would take in setting up a database for a particular enterprise.
b) Explain the history of database systems.
c) Construct an E-R diagram for a car insurance company whose customers own one or more
cars each. Each car has associated with it zero to any numbers of recorded accidents. [5+6+5]
2. a) Briefly discuss about all join operations.

b) Explain relational-algebra operations.
c) Explain about domain relational calculus. [5+6+5]
3. a) Give some examples of basic SQL queries.

b) Explain GROUP BY and HAVING clauses.
c) Discuss about Null values in detail. [5+6+5]
4. a) What are the problems caused by redundancy?

b) Explain properties of decomposition.
c) What is multi valued dependency? Explain 4NF. [4+5+7]
5. Define these terms: atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability, schedule, blind write, dirty read,
unrepeatable read, serializable schedule, recoverable schedule, avoids-cascading-aborts
schedule. [16]
6. a)Explain about time-based concurrency control.

b) Define deadlock. How to deal deadlocks?
c) Briefly explain about lock management and lock conversions. [5+5+6]
7. a) Discuss about comparison of file organizations.

b) Explain about indexes and performance tuning. [8+8]
8. Explain the following:

a) Buffer manager
b) ISAM
c) Linear hashing
d) Static hashing [4+4+4+4]
*********
********
1. a) What are five main functions of a database administrator?

b) Discuss about fundamental relational-algebra operations.
c) Explain about specialization and generalization in E-R diagram. [5+6+5]
2. a) Explain structure of relational databases.

b) Discuss about tuple-relational calculus. [8+8]
3. a) What is the form of basic SQL query? Explain.

b) Explain aggregate operators of SQL with examples.
c) Explain about triggers and active databases. [5+6+5]
4. a) Explain in detail about schema refinement in database design.

b) Discuss about 3NF and BCNF. [8+8]
5. a) Describe strict 2PL.

b) Discuss about performance of locking.
c) Explain transaction characteristics in SQL. [5+5+6]
6. a) What is precedence graph? How it is related to conflict serializability? How is it related to

two-phase locking?
b) Explain multiple-granularity locking.
c) Discuss about optimistic concurrency control. [5+5+6]
7. a) What is file organization? What is index? What is the relationship between files and indexes?
Can we have several indexes on a single file of records? Can an index itself store data records?
b) What is the difference between a primary index and secondary index? What is a duplicate
data entry in an index? Can a primary index contain duplicates? [8+8]

a) Levels of redundancy
b) Variable-length records
c) Insertion in B+ Trees
d) Extensible hashing [4+4+4+4]
************
********
1. a) What are database languages? Explain in detail with examples.

b) What is a data model? Explain different types of data models.
c) Explain the distinctions among the terms primary key, candidate key, and super key. [6+5+5]
2. a) What is the importance of null values? Explain with suitable examples.

b) Explain selection and projection operations in relational algebra with suitable examples.
c) Explain about domain relational calculus. [5+5+6]
3. a) Explain SQL set-manipulation constructs.

b) What is a nested query? Explain with SQL examples.
c) Discuss about designing active databases. [5+6+5]
4. a) What are the problems related to decomposition?

b) Discuss about lossless-join decomposition.
c) Discuss about 4NF with suitable example. [5+5+6]
5. a) What four properties of transactions does a DBMS guarantee? Explain.

b) What is phantom problem? Can it occur in a database where the set of database objects is
fixed and only the values of objects can be changed?
c) What is a locking protocol? Describe the strict two-phase locking protocol. [5+5+6]
6. a) Explain about specialized locking techniques.

b) Discuss about concurrency control without locking. [8+8]
7. a) Explain hash-based indexing and tree-based indexing.

b) What are the main contributors to the cost of database operations? Discuss a
simple cost model that reflects this.
c) What SQL commands support index creation? [8+4+4]

a) Extensible VS. linear hashing
b) Deletion in B+ Trees
c) Memory hierarchy
d) Heap file [4+4+4+4]
**********
********
1. a) Construct an E-R diagram for a hospital with a set of patients and a set of medical doctors.
Associate with each patient a log of the various tests and examinations conducted.
b) Draw the architecture of Database systems and explain in brief.
c) Discuss about entity sets and relationship sets. [5+6+5]
2. a) Discuss about tuple-relational calculus. Give a tuple-relational calculus expression to find the
maximum values in relation r(A).
b) Discuss about additional features of E-R diagrams.
c) Define null value, schema diagram, database instance, and foreign key. [6+5+5]
3. a) Discuss the strengths and weakness of the trigger mechanism. Contrast triggers with other
integrity constraints supported by SQL.
b) What is a nested query? Explain with SQL examples.
c) What is the form of basic SQL query? Explain. [5+6+5]
4. a) What is a normal form? Explain 1NF and 2NF with examples.

b) Discuss about lossless-join decomposition.
c) Briefly explain about schema refinement in database design. [5+5+6]
5. a) What is phantom problem? Can it occur in a database where the set of database objects is
fixed and only the values of objects can be changed?
b) Discuss about performance of locking.
c) Describe strict 2PL. [5+5+6]
6. a) Discuss about concurrency control in B+ trees.

b) Explain about time-based concurrency control in detail. [8+8]
7. a) What is a clustered index? What is a primary index? How many clustered indexes can you
build on a file? How many unclustered indexes can you build?
b) What is a composite search key? What are pros and cons of composite search keys?
c) How is data organized in a tree-based index? When would you use a tree-based index?
[6+5+5]
a) Seek time, Rotational latency, Transfer rate and MTTF
b) RAID levels
c) B+ trees
d) Static hashing [4+4+4+4]
ADVANCED COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
(Computer Science & Engineering)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Define Temporal locality.

(b) Explain about wall clock time in detail? [4+12]
2. Write short notes on:
(a) SIMD.
(b) RISC . [8+8]
3. List the five levels of branch prediction. Explain. [16]
4. Write notes on superscalar processors. [16]
5. (a) What do you mean by write buffer saturation? What is the solution for this?
(b) Explain about set associative cache? What are its disadvantages? [8+8]
6. (a) Give the reasons why cache coherence is an accepted requirement in small
scale multiprocessors?
(b) Draw the state transition diagram for an individual cache block in a directory
based system. [8+8]
7. (a) Give the relation between the throughput and response time.
(b) Derive the Little’s law for calculating the mean number of tasks. [8+8]
8. Discuss about the practical issues for commercial interconnection networks? [16]
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(a) Embedded Benchmark.

(b) Amdhal’s law [8+8]
2. Explain various addressing modes in computer architecture. [16]
3. Give a brief account on dynamic scheduling. What are its advantages and disad-
vantages? [16]
4. What is meant by local scheduling? Discuss in detail? [16]
5. Explain the techniques in increasing memory bandwidth. [16]
6. (a) Give the three level cache hierarchy of alpha 4100 and explain the performance
measurements of commercial workload.
(b) Explain about communication latency. [8+8]
7. (a) What do you mean by the “hot swapping”?

(b) Explain “mirroring”.
(c) Explain the block interleaved parity and distributed block interleaved parity.
[6+5+5]
8. (a) Write short notes on:

i. Fibre optic Components
ii. Fibre Optic Cables
iii. Wavelength division multiplexing.
(b) Briefly Write about the performance parameters of interconnection networks.
[8+8]
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⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Write short notes on
(a) learning curves.

(b) Amdhal‘s law. [8+8]
2. Explain various addressing modes in computer architecture. [16]
3. Explain the four steps involved in instruction execution? [16]
4. What are the basic compiler techniques for exposing ILP? [16]
5. (a) Explain about critical word first and early restart miss penalty reduction tech-
nique.
(b) Consider there are 50 misses in the first level cache and 15 in second level 1000
memory references. Assume the miss penalty from the L2 cache to memory is
100 clock cycles, the hit time of the L2 cache is 10 clock cycles, the hit time of
L1 is 1 clock cycle, and there are 1.5 memory references per instruction. what
is the average memory access time and average stall cycle per instruction.[8+8]
6. (a) Mention the two groups of MIMD computers and explain.

(b) Give the advantages of shared memory organization. [8+8]
7. (a) Define reliability. State the methods to improve reliability.

(b) Define transaction time. What is the relation between the response time and
transaction time? [8+8]
8. (a) Write short notes on:

i. Fibre optic Components
ii. Fibre Optic Cables
iii. Wavelength division multiplexing.
(b) Briefly Write about the performance parameters of interconnection networks.
[8+8]
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⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Find the die yield for dies that are 1cm on a side and 0.7 on a side assuming
a defect density of 0.6 per cm2 .
(b) Give a brief note on significance of parallelism. [8+8]
2. Why should someone design a computer with alignment restrictions? Explain.[16]
3. (a) What are the limitations of dynamically scheduled processor?

(b) What are the advantages of speculation? [8+8]
4. What is meant by local scheduling? Discuss in detail? [16]
5. (a) What is meant by out of order execution processor and how to do you define
“miss penalty”?
(b) Explain about miss latency. [8+8]
6. (a) On what problem sizes the performance of scientific technical workload is

measured. Explain.
(b) What factors contribute to L3 cache miss rate and how do they change as the
L3 cache grows? [8+8]
7. (a) What is meant by Arial density? Explain its effect in improving the capacity
of disk.
(b) Explain about the automatic tape libraries. [8+8]
8. Write about
(a) Ethernet
(b) ATM. [8+8]
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CLIENT SERVER COMPUTING
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Briefly discuss about the key technologies that are needed for client/server
application.
(b) Write short notes on the following:
i. File servers
ii. Database servers. [8+8]
2. (a) Explain Suspending, Resuming and Stopping threads with an example pro-
gram.
(b) Discuss various Stringbuffeer constructers with an example program. [8+8]
3. (a) Briefly explain about elements of The inter-ORB architecture.

(b) Explain about various Services offered by CORBA. [8+8]
4. (a) Explain about the Java interfaces for the naming Service.
(b) Briefly explain the process for running the client/server program. [8+8]
5. what is Caffeine .Explain the IDL. [16]
6. (a) How does CORBA pass values to objects.

(b) Explain about CORBA’s objects by value. [8+8]
7. (a) What are infrastructure type services to java beans.

(b) What are differences between javabeans and applets. [8+8]
8. (a) What is CORBA OTM? List services of OTM?

(b) Distinguish between procedural versus frame work approaches to developing
code.
[8+8]
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1. (a) Explain about server to server middleware infrastructure with a neat diagram.
(b) Explain the Client/Server software infrastructure. [8+8]
2. (a) Discuss various Byte Streams in Java.io.

(b) Write a Java program using AWT Menu bars and Menus. [8+8]
3. (a) Write a short list of what Java does for CORBA.

(b) Explain briefly how a typical web based client interacts with COBRA server
on the Object web. [8+8]
4. (a) Briefly explain the creation of namespace by a server application.

(b) Describe about Dynamic invocation interfaces. [8+8]
5. (a) Explain different types of java sockets.

(b) Explain about socket ports. [10+6]
6. Explain the RMI/IDL remote interfaces. [16]
7. (a) What are infrastructure type services to java beans.

(b) What are differences between javabeans and applets. [8+8]
8. (a) What is CORBA OTM? List services of OTM?

(b) Distinguish between procedural versus frame work approaches to developing
code.
[8+8]
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⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Describe the benefits and pitfalls of distributed computing over centralized com-
puting.
[16]
2. (a) Discuss about JDBC concepts.

(b) Write a simple program using Java Applets. [8+8]
3. Discuss the following in detail:
(a) Javasoft’s Java IDL

(b) RPC versus ORB. [8+8]
4. (a) Explain about Java container Class hierarchy.

(b) Explain about the dynamic invocation:The Do-it -yourself Scenario. [8+8]
5. (a) Explain java’s InetAddress class in detail.

(b) what is the anatomy involved in socket communication? [6+10]
6. (a) What is Interface Repository.

(b) Explain in detail about CORBA Interface Repository.
(c) what are Global Repository IDs. [16]
7. Explain the active properties of java beans in detail. [16]
8. (a) Explain about session and entity beans

(b) Explain about EJB client/server development process. [8+8]
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⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Describe and differentiate centralized and distributed computing.

(b) Explain about Fat servers and Fat clients. [8+8]
2. (a) Describe the life cycle of Thread.

(b) Discuss about Constructors and Destructors in Java. [8+8]
3. (a) Discuss about the anatomy of a CORBA 2.0 ORB.

(b) Briefly discuss about Communication among COBRA business objects to rep-
resent business process . [8+8]
4. (a) Briefly explain the creation of namespace by a server application.

(b) Describe about Dynamic invocation interfaces. [8+8]
5. (a) Explain java’s InetAddress class in detail.

(b) what is the anatomy involved in socket communication? [6+10]
6. (a) Explain about BOA interface.

(b) Explain BOA and other adapters. [4+12]
7. (a) How do you dynamically invoke a property for a JavaBean.

(b) Explain about java bean property Naming Patterns. [8+8]
8. Explain the container/bean callback interfaces in detail. [16]
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NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
( Common to Computer Science & Engineering and Computer Science &
Systems Engineering)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Explain the following data and telecommunication networks with neat diagrams:
(a) Logical Network Model

(b) IBM systems Network architecture model. [16]
2. Describe about the evolution of SNMP Management documents related to SN-

MPv2? [16]
3. An SNMP manager sends a request for the values of the sysUpTime in the System
group and ifType in the interfaces group for ifNumber value of 3. write the PDUs
with the fields in for
(a) the get-request PDU, and

(b) the get-response PDU with noSuchName error messages for ifType. [16]
4. (a) Give an example for argumentation of tables by considering the ASN.1 con-
structs.
(b) Explain about the ASN.1 constructs for appending Dense table. [8+8]
5. (a) With the help of a diagram explain the ATM RMON MIB.
(b) Explain the RMON MIB frame work. [10+6]
6. Explain in detail about the information architecture and functional architecture

with necessary diagrams. [16]
7. (a) Name some tools that are used for monitoring unix network status and explain
the same.
(b) How many sets of route monitoring tools are available? Explain them with
example. [8+8]
8. (a) What are the sub classes of the logical element? Explain them.
(b) Explain briefly about CIM object manager & protocol provider. [8+8]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
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⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Explain broadband ISDN and narrowband ISDN with suitable example. [16]
2. Describe the SNMP network management architecture with the help of a neat
diagram. [16]

4. Describe the following in detail:
(a) Conformance information in SNMPv2

(b) Expanded Internet MIB-II. [16]
5. (a) What is the use of filter group of RMON1? Explain the various filters present
in RMON1.
(b) Explain the application layer functions of RMON2 MIB.
(c) Discuss briefly about TokenRing statistics of RMON1. [8+4+4]
6. (a) Classify and explain about OSI system management functional area.
(b) Explain the OSI primitive services of M-GET and M-SET of TMN. [10+6]
7. (a) Draw and explain Cabletron spectrum platform architecture.

(b) Give brief explanation about HP’s distributed management platform. [10+6]
8. (a) Explain the simplified WBEM CIM core model.

(b) Give brief description about CIMOM. [6+10]
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1. Design a client/server network with two servers operating at 100Base-T Fast Ether-
net speed the clients operating at regular 10Base-T Ethernet speed using a 10/100
Mbps NIC. The hub is located in a wiring closer, but the servers and clients are
not.
Assume that a satisfactory performance is achieved at 30% utilization of LAN. [16]
2. Define network management system. Illustrate what an NMS can do by monitoring

a subnetwork. [16]
3. (a) What are the goals of internet management in the original specification? Ex-
plain.
(b) Explain about the traps involved in SNMP management? [8+8]
4. (a) Explain the changes made to the system group as well as SNMP group in
SMPv2:
(b) Describe the folowing with a suitable examples:
i. SNMP trap (4)
ii. SNMP trap(5)
iii. SNMP trap(6). [8+8]
5. (a) What is the use of entrystatus datatype. Explain different textual conventions
present in it.
(b) Write about the filter group and the packet capture group in RMON1.
[8+8]
6. (a) Give brief description about the Physical architecture of TMN.
(b) Classify and explain about OSI system management functional area.
[6+10]
7. Explain in detail the different commercial network management systems. [16]
8. (a) With the help of a flow diagram , illustrate how MBeans are accessed.
(b) Write the differences between CIM managed objects and DMI managed ob-
jects. [10+6]
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⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Which elements of managing network require most of your time? [16]
2. Describe the SNMP-Based ASN-1 data type structures in detail. [16]

4. Describe the SNMPv2 Network Management Architecture on Multiple Transport

Domains. [16]
5. (a) Explain the various functions and tables associated with Ring station and
Source routing group of RMON token ring.
(b) Describe briefly about functions and tables that are related to network layer
matrix and application level matrix group of RMON2 MIB. [8+8]
6. (a) What are the different communication services present in TMN Information
architecture, explain.
(b) Explain the TMN logical layered architecture. [8+8]
7. Give brief description about the following:
(a) Core application services.

(b) Functional components
(c) tcpdump. [4+6+6]
8. (a) What are the components of java management extensions?

(b) Draw the flow diagram for management bean. [10+6]
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CORROSION ENGINEERING
(Chemical Engineering)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Explain the various terms involved in consideration of economical aspects involved

in corrosion. [16]
2. What are the effects of the following in galvanic corrosion
(a) Environment
(b) Distance
(c) Area of cathode and anode. [16]
3. (a) Explain various factors involved in development of corrosion fatigue.

(b) How can corrosion fatigue be prevented? [8+8]
4. What are the various exposure techniques that support the testing of specimen in
the laboratory? [16]
5. Explain the effects of various inhibitors on corrosion resistance. [16]
6. Write the design rules specified for corrosion resistance. [16]
7. Write Nernst equation and name all the terms. Where do we use this equation?
[16]
8. What are oxidizing agents? Explain their effect on corrosion rate. [16]
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⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Write down the various environmental variables that have impact the corro-
sion.
(b) Explain the effect of these variables on corrosion. [6+10]
2. What is the effect of alloying on pitting attack? [16]
3. (a) Explain what is meant by stress corrosion.

(b) Explain the morphology of stress corrosion.
(c) What are the metallurgical factors involved in stress corrosion? [4+6+6]
4. (a) What is the major classification of corrosion tests?

(b) Explain each test briefly. [8+8]
5. Explain the metallic and non metallic corrosion resistant materials. [16]
6. Describe the anodic protection of a steel storage tank filled with sulphuric acid.
[16]
7. (a) What is passivity? Explain.

(b) Discuss the effect of temperature and concentration on the anode dissolution
behaviour of an active passive metal. [8+8]
8. (a) Explain the effect of cathode-anode area on electrochemical corrosion of a

galvanic couple of dissimilar metals.
(b) Compare galvanic series with EMF series. [16]
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⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Write down the various environmental variables that have impact the corro-
sion.
(b) Explain the effect of these variables on corrosion. [6+10]
2. (a) Write down the mechanism of formation of crevice corrosion.

(b) How can it be controlled? [10+6]
3. (a) In piping systems we encounter corrosion. What is the type of corrosion in

these systems?
(b) What are the factors influencing the occurrence of this type of corrosion?
[8+8]
4. What are the purposes and main justification of corrosion testing? [16]
5. Discuss the effects of corrosive concentration on corrosion. [16]
6. Write the design rules specified for corrosion resistance. [16]
(a) Daniel cell,

(b) Silver-silver chloride electrode
(c) Distinguish between electrode potential and standard electrode potential. [16]
8. Explain the effect of fluid velocity and temperature on corrosion rate. [16]
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⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Explain the phenomena of metallic passivity.

(b) Explain corrosive principles. [8+8]
2. (a) What are the eight forms of corrosion?

(b) Explain briefly each of them. [6+10]
3. Define knife - line attack, and explain how it attacks on stainless steel. [16]
4. (a) What are the purposes for conduct of corrosion tests?

(b) How do you prepare an object for subjecting it to corrosion tests? [6+10]
5. Write atleast ten natural metal-corrosive combinations. [16]
6. (a) What are chemical conversion coatings? Give two examples.

(b) Explain the use of following techniques to improve corrosion resistance: Elec-
tron beam and laser beam. [16]
7. Explain the reversible cell containing reversible copper-silver electrodes. [16]
8. (a) State the formula used to calculate corrosion rate.

(b) Give the conversion factor to obtain mils/year for the following. In/year,
in/month and mg/dm2 /day.
(c) Give some equivalent metric penetration rates to mpy and explain them. [16]
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
********
1. An equilibrium still is purifying benzene and toluene from a small amount of
essentially nonvolatile impurity and is initially charged with 20 moles of feedstock with
0.32 mole fraction benzene. Feed is supplied at the rate of 10 moles/hr, and the
heat input is adjusted so that the total moles of liquid in the still remain constant at 20.
It is desired to estimate the time required for the composition of overhead product to
fall to 0.4 mole fraction benzene. No liquid stock is removed from the still during this
period. Benzene and toluene may be assumed to follow Raoult’s law and the average
relative volatility may be taken as 2.48. [16]
2. Two similar vertical cylindrical tanks 6 ft in diameter and 10 ft high are placed side by
side with their bottoms at the same level. They are connected at the bottom by a tube 2
ft long and 0.4 inches ID. Tank A is full of oil and tank B is empty. Tank A has an
outlet at the bottom, consisting of a short tube 1 ft long and 0.4 inches in diameter. Both
this outlet tube and the connecting tube between the tanks are horizontal. Both tubes are
opened simultaneously. What is the maximum oil level reached in tank B? [16]
3. Derive equation of continuity in rectangular coordinates. Show how this equation is

reduced for constant density systems. [16]
4. The waste acid from a nitrating process contains 23% HNO3, 57% H2SO4, and 20%
H2O by weight. This acid is to be concentrated to contain 27% HNO3 and 60% H2SO4
by the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid containing 93% H2SO4 and concentrated
nitric acid containing 90% HNO3. Calculate the weights of waste and concentrated
acids that must be combined to obtain 1000 kg of the desired mixture by Jacobi
method. [16]
5. The thermal conductivity of methyl chloride at various temperatures is given below.
Estimate the thermal conductivity at 4130F. [16]
Temperature Thermal conductivity

0
F Btu/hrft0F
50 0.0057
100 0.0069
150 0.0081
200 0.0092
250 0.0104
300 0.0116
350 0.0127
400 0.0139
6. Write the Reccati nonlinear finite difference equation. Explain the analytical solution to
solve this equation. [16]
7. A block of metal 12 inches×12 inches×12 inches has its rectangular faces thermally
insulated and its vertical square faces losing heat to the surroundings at 600F by means
of a heat transfer coefficient. It can be assumed that the temperature in the block is
uniform and that the properties of the metal are specific heat c = 0.1, density ρ = 420
lb/ft3. The given values are subject to the following errors: c, ±1%;ρ, ±0.1%; all
dimensions, ±1/20 inches. How accurately is the heat transfer coefficient determined?
[16]
8. a) Explain briefly the importance of design of experiments in chemical engineering.

b) Explain briefly fractional factorial methods. [8+8]
**************
********
1. Two concentric cylindrical metallic shells are separated by a solid material. If the two
metal surfaces are maintained at different constant temperatures, formulate the second
order ordinary differential equation along with the boundary conditions to obtain the
steady state temperature distribution within the separating material. [16]
2. Three tanks of 10,000 lit capacity are each arranged so that when water is fed into the
first tank, an equal quantity of solution overflows from the first to the second tank,
likewise from the second to the third, and from the third to some point out of the
system. Agitators keep the contents of each tank uniform in concentration. To start, let
each of the tanks be full of a solution of concentration C0 g/lit. Run water into the first
tank at 50lit/min. Calculate the time required to reduce the concentration in the first
tank to C0/10. Calculate the concentrations in the other two tanks at this time. [16]
3. Derive equation of continuity in cylindrical coordinates. Show how this equation is

reduced for constant density systems. [16]
4. The waste acid from a nitrating process contains 21% HNO3, 55% H2SO4, and 24%
H2O by weight. This acid is to be concentrated to contain 28% HNO3 and 62% H2SO4
by the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid containing 93% H2SO4 and concentrated
nitric acid containing 90% HNO3. Calculate the weights of waste and concentrated
acids that must be combined to obtain 1000 kg of the desired mixture by Gauss Seidel
method. [16]
5. Find the thermal conductivity of propane at 100 atm and 2100F from the following data.
[16]
T(0F) P(atm) K(Btu/hrft0F)
154 96.7 0.0490
131.5 0.0518
189 88.9 0.0440
131.8 0.0466
222 96.7 0.0402
140.9 0.0435
284 95.3 0.0353
123.0 0.0376
6. Explain briefly how to solve the second order non-linear difference equation by
graphical procedure. [16]
7. The thermal conductivity of graphite varies with temperature according to the equation
k = k0-αT. Experimentally, it is only possible to obtain a mean conductivity over a
temperature range. It is required to find the point conductivity from the mean
conductivity given below. [16]
T(0C) 390 500 1000 1500
km 1.41 1.38 1.19 1.15
km is determined between T and 250C in kilo-erg/seccm0C.
8. In viscose production, four cakes were purified by a test procedure and four cakes were
purified in the regular manner. The following average residual shrinkages were
obtained: [16]
Cake Test Control
1 1.577 1.817
2 1.703 1.716
3 1.553 1.785
4 1.540 1.735
Average 1.593 1.763
Is the difference in average significant?
***************
********
1. In an experimental study of the saponification of methyl acetate by sodium hydroxide, it
is found that 25% of the ester is converted to alcohol in 12 min when the initial
concentrations of both ester and caustic are 0.01m. What conversion of ester would be
obtained in 1 hr if the initial ester concentration were 0.025m and the initial caustic
concentration 0.015m? [16]
2. It is proposed to produce X, Yand Z from A and B by chemical reaction on a semi batch

basis. That is, 20 moles of pure A is charged into the reactor and B is added at the rate of
0.75moles/min. If all the reactions are second order and represented stoichiometrically by
the equations [16]
A+B→X
X+B→Y
Y+B→Z
Prepare a plot of the composition of the reaction mixture as a function of the
number of moles of B reacted.
The specific reaction rate constants are: k1= 1.8×10-4 lit/mole.min
k2=0.3×10-4 lit/mole.min
k3= 0.1×10-3 lit/mole.min
3. Derive heat conduction equation in rectangular coordinates. [16]
4. The spent acid from a nitrating process contains 36% HNO3, 33% H2SO4, and 31% H2O
by weight. This acid is to be concentrated to contain 43% HNO3 and 40% H2SO4 by the
addition of concentrated sulfuric acid containing 95% H2SO4 and concentrated nitric acid
containing 78% HNO3. Calculate the weights of spent and concentrated acids that must
be combined to obtain 1500 kg of the desired mixture by Gauss Seidel method.
[16]
5. Gs lb moles/h of a solute free gas containing YN+1 lb moles solute/mole solute free gas,
are fed into the base of a plate absorption column where the solute is to be absorbed from
the gas by absorption in Ls lb moles/ h of solute free lean oil which is fed into the top of
the column. If the solute in the entering oil is X0 lb moles solute/mole solute free lean oil,
and the solute in the exit gas is Y1lb moles of solute per mole of solute free gas, show that
the performance of the absorber can be expressed in terms of the absorption factor A =
Ls/mGs and the number of ideal stages by the Kremser-Brown equation
YN +1 − Y1 AN + 2 − A
= N +2 where m is the equilibrium constant. That is Y = mX. [16]
YN +1 − Y0 A −1
6. A benzene-toluene feed containing 60 mole percent of benzene is fed continuously to a

distillation column. If there are 9 plates between the reboiler and the feed plate, and the
top product contains 98 mole percent benzene whilst the liquid leaving the base of the
column contains 2 mole percent benzene, estimate the overall plate efficiency of the
column. The feed enters the column at its boiling point and the relative volatility of
benzene to toluene can be considered to be constant at 2.3 the reflux ratio is 3.0.
[16]
7. The reaction rate constant for the decomposition of a substituted dibasic acid has been
determined at various temperatures as follows: [16]
T (0C) 50 70.1 89.4 101

K×104(hr) 1.08 7.34 45.4 138
Use the method of least squares to determine the activation energy (E) in the equation
K =A exp(-E/RT) Where T is measured in degree Kelvin.
8. Explain in detail about the guidelines to be adopted for the designing of experiments.
[16]
**************
********
1. A tank contains 100 ft3 of fresh water, 2 ft3 per minute of brine, having a concentration of 1
pcf of salt, is run into the tank, and the mixture, kept uniform by mixing, runs out at the rate of
1 ft3/min. What will be the exit brine concentration when the tank contains 150 ft3 of brine?
[16]
2. Two concentric cylindrical metallic shells are separated by a solid material. If the two metal
surfaces are maintained at different constant temperatures, obtain the steady state temperature
distribution within the separating material. [16]
3. Derive heat conduction equation in cylindrical coordinates. [16]
4. Explain Jacobi method, Gauss Seidel method and S.O.R. method. [4+4+8]
5. In a proposed chemical process 10000 lb/h of a pure liquid A is to be fed continuously to the
first of a battery of two equal sized stirred tank reactors operating in series. If both vessels are
to be maintained at the same constant temperature so that the chemical reaction
K K
A 1
→ B 2
→ C will take place, estimate the size of the vessels that will give the maximum
yield of the product B. the specific reaction rate constant k1 = 0.1 min-1 and k2 = 0.05 min-1at the
temperature of the reactors, and the fluid density is constant at 60 lb/ft3.
[16]
6. 1000 lb/h of ethyl alcohol is to be esterified by reacting with 850 lb/h of acetic acid in a
battery of continuous stirred tank reactors, each of 30 ft3 capacity and maintained at 1000C. if
the equilibrium relation is such that 75.2% of the acid will be esterified, estimate the number of
reactors required for 60% conversion. At 1000C the specific reaction rate for esterification is
4.76 × 10−4 l/g-mole min and that for the hydrolysis of the eater is 1.63 × 10−4 l / g-mole min.
the density of the reaction mixture can be assumed constant at 54 lb/ ft3. [16]
7. Use the method of averages to find the best curve of the type: y = A sin(x+B) which fits the
following values. A and B are constant. [16]
x 00 300 600 900 1200 1500

y 0.944 1.242 1.208 0.85 0.264 -0.392
8. Analyze the following data obtained in a factorially designed experiment: [16]
C1 C2 C3
14 12 15
R1 17 13 16
15 12 14
19 18 20
R2 18 17 18
18 15 17
POWER PLANT INSTRUMENTATION
( Common to Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering and
Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Explain the working of a geothermal power plant with necessary diagrams. [16]
2. With a neat diagram explain the principle of operation of a single phase electro-
dynamometer type of Power factor meter. Sketch the phasor diagram, mention its
advantages. [16]
3. Describe the principle and working of a smoke detector with a neat sketch. [16]
4. Explain the criterion for selection of fans for draft systems in detail. [16]
5. Explain in detail the contrasting characteristics of both the Pulverizer and B.F.P
control systems? [16]
6. Differentiate the condenser vacuum control and Gland steam exhaust pressure con-
trol used in power plants? [16]
7. Write a short notes on:
(a) Infrared type analyzer

(b) Thermal conductive analyzer. [8+8]
8. Define conductivity? Explain in detail conductivity cell used in power plants, with
neat diagram? [16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. List the important parameters that are to be monitored in a nuclear power plant.
[16]
2. Explain in detail the sources of error in electrodynamometer wattmeter and the

method of compensation. [16]
3. Explain how the air flow rate is measured in a power plant with a relevant diagram.
[16]
4. Explain the criterion for selection of fans for draft systems in detail. [16]
5. Explain in detail with neat sketches Hotwell and Deaerator level column control
systems used in power plants? [16]
6. How can you define the function and mode of applications with respect to condenser
vacuum control? [16]
7. What are the paramagnetic and diamagnetic gases? Give examples. Explain the
principle of operation of a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer with a neat diagram? [16]
neat diagram? [16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Explain briefly different types of Non-conventional sources of energy. [16]
2. Design a Wien bridge circuit for the measurement of frequency in the range 0-
1500Hz. The bridge excitation is 0-5 V A.C. sinusoidal signal. [16]
3. Why steam generator outlet temperature is to be measured and controlled? Explain

in detail the choice of sensors and the method of measurement. [16]
4. Derive a formula for calculating the draft that can be produced by a chimney of
given height. [16]
5. Explain the different types of pulverizers used in power plants? Discuss its merits
and demerits? [16]
6. What is the role of Speed, Vibration and shell temperature in monitoring the Gland
steam exhaust pressure control? [16]
7. Explain the constructional details, principle & working of a paramagnetic oxygen

analyzer used in power plants. Also explain how the data from the paramagnetic
oxygen analyzer can be used to increase the performance of power plants. [16]
neat diagram? [16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Draw a schematic flow diagram of a modern steam generator and explain. [16]
2. Explain briefly how D’ Arsonval meter circuit arrangement is made for converting
it into
(a) A voltmeter.
(b) An Ammeter. [16]
3. Explain the principle of CO monitor with a neat diagram. [16]
4. Compare & contrast various types of re-heaters used in power plants. [16]
5. Briefly Describe the following:
(a) Pulverizer control

(b) Computers in power plants. [8+8]
6. What are the various factors to be considered in monitoring and controlling the con-
denser vacuum control with respect to lubricating oil temperature control system
in detail with neat diagrams? [16]
(a) Spectrum Analyzer

(b) Hydrogen purity Indicator. [16]
8. List the different types of detectors used in chromatography. Explain the principle
of thermionic emission type of detector with a neat schematic? [16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
MEDICAL INFORMATICS
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Describe the Patient Care Components in Selected Information Systems used in

hospitals. [16]
2. (a) Explain briefly about automated methods in haematology.

(b) Explain briefly about communication of Radiology data to different units.
[8+8]
3. (a) Describe the Disorders in the DSM Classification systems.

(b) What are the advantages of the ATC Classification Systems? [8+8]
4. Explain Clinical Departmental System in Oncology. [16]
5. Draw the block diagram of computer assisted medical decision making and explain
in detail. [16]
6. Classify the programs for nuclear medicine data analysis and explain detail. [16]
7. Explain the following in detail:
(a) Global transform

(b) Local transform. [8+8]
8. Explain briefly about voice activated and switch activated systems used in human
computer interfacing. [16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
MEDICAL INFORMATICS
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Describe in detail the design criteria for the HELP system. [16]
2. (a) Explain briefly about automated methods in haematology.

(b) Explain briefly about communication of Radiology data to different units.
[8+8]
3. Discuss in detail different approaches of EMG analysis by computers. [16]
(a) Cardiac Scintigraphy

(b) CPRs in Cardiology
(c) Critical Care
(d) Information systems in Surgery. [4+4+4+4]
5. Explain the computer based morbidity registers in detail. [16]
6. Mention the different modules of hospital information system and explain the online
and off line activities of the each module. [16]
7. (a) Discuss the advantages of computerized medical records.

(b) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of Electronic data interchange.
[8+8]
8. Distinguish the data models depending on the user requirements and explain in
detail. [16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
MEDICAL INFORMATICS
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Explain how computers aid the physicians in the hospital.

(b) List at least eight advantages of computerization of hospitals. [8+8]
2. Write short notes on the following:
(a) Security of computer records

(b) Retrieving information from databases
(c) Relational databases
(d) Structuring a data base. [4+4+4+4]
3. Discuss in detail different approaches of EMG analysis by computers. [16]
4. Explain how the data and information management is used in supporting nursing
course in clinical nursing systems. [16]
5. (a) Explain the inference mechanism present in a single CMD systems

(b) What are the supporting softwares for CMD systems? [8+8]
6. (a) Write the advantages of data warehousing in healthcare.

(b) List the advantages of health information networks. [8+8]
7. Describe the role of computers in computed tomography with neat block diagram.
[16]
8. (a) Describe the functions of an EDP project.

(b) Explain the problems during EDP project. [8+8]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
MEDICAL INFORMATICS
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Draw the Block Diagram of the HELP System with its integrated centralized data-
base, interface to the billing system. [16]
2. (a) What are the determinants in routine haematology?

(b) Explain the steps involved in the patient database management by computer.
(c) Explain briefly about Computerized cytology and Histology. [5+5+6]
3. Why the Temporal indications are also essential in patient record? justify with a
classic example of data. [16]
4. Explain Modular ECG Processing in cardiac Clinical Support module. [16]
5. Draw the block diagram of computer assisted medical decision making and explain
in detail. [16]
6. Explain the following in detail:
(a) Data sorting with example.

(b) Data storage and retrieval. [8+8]
7. Describe the role of computers in nuclear magnet resonance imaging with neat
block diagram. [16]
8. (a) Describe the functions of an EDP project.

(b) Explain the problems during EDP project. [8+8]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
PHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS MODELING
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Discuss the effects of noise in physiological system. What are the various types of
noise? [16]
2. (a) What are the limitations to volterra series given path for wiener model?
(b) The output of wiener model is stationary random process- justify. [8+8]
3. Discuss on parameter model based on true data with inductive non parametric
model of input-output data and transitions. [16]
4. (a) Discuss on the preliminary tests required for modeling the process.
(b) Discuss on system bandwidth, memory , stationary and ergodicity. [8+8]
5. (a) Brief the nonlinear model of cuticular mechano receptor of somato sensory
system.
(b) Brief a important fact of common functional attributes neuro sensory system.
[10+6]
6. Explain the three main methodologies involved for estimating the self kernels and
cross kernels in the two input case. [8+8]
7. (a) Discuss the general model form for practical data based modeling of action
potentials and post synaptic potentials.
(b) Describe the general model of membrane and synaptic dynamics and relate
with H-H model. [8+8]
8. Describe in detail on the class of open loop and closed loop threshold auto regressive
systems. [16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Explain how the mathematical model is simulated for the study of physiolog-
ical system?
(b) Define an ideal model to represent the presence of the modeling. [10+6]
2. (a) Discuss the stationary and non stationary system.

(b) multi input and output system. [8+8]
3. Discuss the fundamental relation between discrete time volterra kernels and para-
meters of equivalent NARMAX model. [16]
4. Describe the identification of nonparametric model and estimate of all unknown

parameters. [8+8]
5. (a) Explain the model of cardio vascular system of single feed back with neat
sketch.
(b) Discuss the non linear dynamics of cardio vascular system. [10+6]
6. (a) Differentiate the Relationship to Vision and the Spatiotemporal Response

Field.
(b) Explain the Multiple Input Model for temporal structure. [8+8]
7. (a) Explain the simulated neuronal system that exhibits the dynamics of integra-
tion and differentiation
(b) Discuss on on-sustained, on-transient, off-transient and on/off transient re-
sponses of neuron. [8+8]
8. Explain the useful of multivariate hemodynamic model for physiological Systems.

[16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Differentiate the four main nonlinear models and its relationship.
(b) Write its advantages and disadvantages for each nonlinear models. [8+8]
2. Discuss the practical problems context of the wiener model. [16]
3. Discuss the fundamental relation between discrete time volterra kernels and para-
meters of equivalent NARMAX model. [16]
4. (a) Decribe how the statistical properties of parameter estimates depend on its
residues.
(b) Discuss on global minimum to select the correct model for the system. [8+8]
5. (a) Explain the model of cardio vascular system of single feed back with neat
sketch.
(b) Discuss the non linear dynamics of cardio vascular system. [10+6]
6. Explain the three main methodologies involved for estimating the self kernels and
cross kernels in the two input case. [8+8]
7. Illustrate with an example of integrated PDM model with trigger regions of single
neuron with action potential output. [16]
8. Discuss the importance of closed loop system along with its fundamental in physi-
ology. [16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. (a) Explain systems and models, model structure and parameter with relevant
examples and mathematical expressions.
(b) Describe about the role of parameter vector to represent a model. [8+8]
2. (a) Discuss the stationary and non stationary system.

(b) multi input and output system. [8+8]
3. Discuss the indirect NARMAX model estimation from volterra kernel measure-
ments. [16]
4. (a) Discuss on the preliminary tests required for modeling the process.
(b) Discuss on system bandwidth, memory , stationary and ergodicity. [8+8]
5. Explain homeodynamic modeling of auto regulatory systems of endocrine-metabolic

observed through multiple variables during stable physiological operation - with or
without external stimulation. [16]
6. (a) Differentiate the Relationship to Vision and the Spatiotemporal Response

Field.
(b) Explain the Multiple Input Model for temporal structure. [8+8]
7. Illustrate with an example of integrated PDM model with trigger regions of single
neuron with action potential output. [16]
8. Discuss the main issues related to study of closed loop system is circular causality
of the existing modeling methodologies. [16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
INFORMATION SECURITY
(Information Technology)
********
1. a) How is a IP address traced? 6m
b) What is a proxy server? 5m
c) What are port numbers? 5m
2. a) Briefly explain with the help of neat diagram. 5+5m

i) Cipher block chaining mode.
ii) Output feedback Mode.
b) What are the requirements of MAC? Give any one basic uses of MAC’s. 6m
3. a) Explain public key distribution of secret keys with a neat diagram. 7m

b) Explain & Show with an example how Diffie-Hellman key exchange can be done. 9m
4. a) List and explain the PGP services. 6mb

b) Draw and explain the Transmission and Reception of PGP messages. 10m
5. a) Explain Oakley key management . 8m

b) Draw and explain the IP Security architecture. 8m
6. a) Draw and explain the SSL Architecture. 8m

b) Explain the TLS Pseudorandom function. 8m
7. a) Briefly explain SNMP. 8m

b) What are the types of viruses? Explain. 8m
8. a) What are the benfits of intrusion detection system? 8m

b) Briefly explain trusted systems. 8m
*********
********
1. a) How to hide an IP address? 5m
b) What is a TCP session? Explain how TCP session can be hijacking done. 6m
c) How DNS IP address can be converted into a normal IP address? 5m
2. a) What is the difference between a Monoalphabetic Cipher and Polyalphabetic

Cipher? 8m
b) What is a transposition cipher? Give example. 8m
3. a) Discuss various schemes in distribution of public keys. 8m

b) What is a public key certificate? Illustrate with an example. 8m
4. a) List the limitations of SMTP. Compare SMTP with MIME. 7m

b) Explain about MIME content types. 9m
5. a) What are the benefits and applications of IP security? 7m

b) Explain the transport and tunnel modes of AH. 9m
6. a) Explain the SSL handshake protocol. 8m

b) Explain in details about the features of SET. 8m
7. a) Briefly explain about the role of encryption in the operation of virus?. 8m

b) Briefly explain various types of intruders and show the profile of an intruder with
a graph. 8m
8. a) List the design principles and characteristics of firewall. 8m

b) What are the types of Firewalls? Explain briefly. 8m
*********
Time: 3 hours Max Marks:80
********
1. a) List and define the security mechanisms. 8m

b) What is buffer overflow attack? Explain various types of buffer overflow
attacks. 8m
2. a) Define an S-box and mention the necessary condition for an S-box to be

invertible. 6m
b) List different approaches to message authentication. 10m
3. a) What are the techniques of Arbitrated Digital Signature? Explain. 7m

b) Explain the Digital Signature Algorithm. 9m
4. a) Describe the PGP session key generation. 8m

b) Explain the functionality of S/MIME. 8m
5. a) Explain clearly about Authentication Header . 8m

b) Explain the transport and tunnel modes of ESP. 8m
6. a) Explain the operation of SSL record protocol. 8m

b) Explain different TLS alert codes. 8m
7. a) Explain briefly different classes of intruders. 8m

b) What is the role of compression in the operation of a virus? 8m
8. a) Differentiate statistical anomaly detection and rule based

Intrusion detection. 6m
b) Briefly explain Firewall configuration. 10m
**********
********
1. a) Briefly explain UDP hijacking. 6m
b) Draw the model for network security. Briefly explain. 10m
2. a) Draw the diagram for compression function of SHA. Explain. 10m

b) What is the difference between little endian and big endian format? 6m
3. a) List the differences between Kerberos Version 4 and Version 5. 6m

b) Explain the format of X.509 certificate. 10m
4. a) Explain the operational description of PGP. 8m

b) List and explain the S/MIME messages. 8m
5. a) Draw and explain the ESP format. 8m

b) Explain the basic combinations of Security Association. 8m
6. a) Explain the SSL alert protocol and handshake protocol. 8m

b) Draw and explain the SET components. 8m
7. a) Compare and contrast between SNMP version 1 and SNMP version 3. 8m

b) What are typical phases of operation of a virus? 8m
8. a) What is difference between rule based anomaly detection and rule based
penetration identification? 6m
b) Briefly explain Packet filtering router. 10m
********
CREATIVITY INNOVATION AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
(Bio-Technology)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. What are the characteristics of imaginative people? [16]
2. Explain about neurobiology of creativity. [16]
3. Explain in detail about good practice evaluation system. [16]
4. Why to protect inventions by patents? Explain. [16]
5. Explain the position of following items with respect to the grant of patent in India:
(a) Invention related to Biotechnology

(b) Computer programmes. [8+8]
6. Explain the Objectives of prototyping and testing in detail. [16]
7. Outline and evaluate the four-phase evolution model of the Strategic Management
field. Ensure that you highlight the contributions of key authors for each phase.
[16]
(a) Industrial design

(b) Patent cooperation treaty. [8+8]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
(Bio-Technology)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Explain about Exploitation and Exploration in technological innovation. [16]
2. What is Creativity? Explain with reference to various contexts. [16]
3. What problems might be experienced if project evaluation is not performed? How

can the problems be solved? [16]
4. Write about Patent search databases, explain in detail. [16]
5. (a) Explain with an example, the inventive step as a condition of patentability.

(b) IP and the constitution of India-explain. [8+8]
(a) Implementation of a robust Quality Management System at a drug product

manufacturing facility.
(b) Quality standards to be followed in drug product design. [8+8]
(a) Define new product development

(b) Fundamental elements of new product development
(c) Viewing New Product Development in an evolutionary framework
(d) Three-level evolutionary view of New Product Development. [16]
8. Explain the role of technological innovation in the creative design of new products
battle plan? [16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
(Bio-Technology)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. What are the sources for innovation? Explain in detail [16]
2. What is electronic brainstorming? Explain. [16]
3. What do you understand by non-discounted and discounted project evaluation tech-

niques? [16]
4. Why to protect inventions by patents? Explain. [16]
(a) Exclusive marketing rights (EMR)

(b) Patent cooperation treaty. [8+8]
6. Discuss the following:
(a) Critically assess the theoretical and practical aspirations and limits of ‘Knowl-
edge Management’. Illustrate with appropriate examples.
(b) The management of product development remains more of an art than a sci-
ence. Assess the validity of this statement with reference to relevant examples.
[8+8]
7. What has precipitated moves to flexible specialization within the creative industries
and what have been some of its consequences? [16]
8. What is the effect of platforms on product positioning? How does creating a

reusable platform influence the composition of the product family? [16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
(Bio-Technology)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Why are innovation and entrepreneurship important? Explain with reasons.

[16]
2. What are the techniques and tools used in creative problem solving. [16]
3. What is rate of return and discounted cash flow? Explain in detail. [16]
4. Explain Fuzzy Front End method. [16]
5. (a) Explain with an example, the inventive step as a condition of patentability.

(b) IP and the constitution of India-explain. [8+8]
6. Describe product specifications for the prototype identified with an example. [16]
7. Effective product development can be organized in many different ways. ‘Compare,

contrast and assess two or more organizations’ approach to product development.
[16]
8. What is the effect of platforms on product positioning? How does creating a

reusable platform influence the composition of the product family? [16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS
(Bio-Technology)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Write Short notes on:
(a) Bacterial capsules

(b) Flagellum
(c) Pili. [5+5+6]
2. How do you prove that the immune responses are specific? Explain with at least
two examples. [16]
3. Discuss the primary functional role of various cells of the blood that take part in
host defenses. [16]
4. With a neat diagram, discuss the steps involved in the infection of a host cell by a
virus. [16]
(a) Significance of incubation period

(b) Explain the molecular methods involved in the study of host-virus interactions
[8+8]
6. Write in detail on the various vaccines in pipeline. [16]
7. Give the life cycle and action mechanisum of .diphtheriae in the host systems .[16]
8. What are the multiple faces of E.coli in causing infectious disease. Explain its
pathogenecity. [16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
(Bio-Technology)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Write an essay on Koch’s general and molecular postulates in pathogenesis. [16]
2. How do you prove that the immune responses are specific? Explain with at least
two examples. [16]
3. Describe the different kinds of bioactive molecules secreted by blood cells during a
hose defense response. [16]
4. Explain the beneficial and harmful effects of normal flora in the host. [16]
5. Differentiate between virulence and pathogenecity, Discuss. How can you measure
virulence? [16]
6. How is a toxin converted into a harmless toxid? Explain with two examples. [16]
7. Write short notes on
(a) Vanomycin
(b) Chloramphenicol
(c) Erythromycin
(d) Amino glycoside antibiotics [16]
8. Compare and contrast the host immune response to extra-cellular and intra-cellular
bacteria. [16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
(Bio-Technology)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Explain the characteristics of parasitism with specific examples. [16]
2. In a clinical setup, describe in detail, the strategy you would adopt to diagnose
host defense abnormalities in a patient? [16]
3. Describe the relationship between the tissue and blood components that take part
in host defense responses. [16]
4. What is normal flora? Discuss the associations between the humans and normal
flora. [16]
5. Explain the virulence factors present in Staphylococcus aureus and the mechanism
of action in host system. [16]
6. Explain how organisms become attenuated. Discuss the role of attenuated organ-
isms in vaccine production. [16]
7. Are bacterial growth and infection in the host necessary for the production of
toxins? Explain your answer with the best example. [16]
8. Compare and contrast the host immune response to extra-cellular and intra-cellular
bacteria. [16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
(Bio-Technology)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Write brief notes on the following methods to detect genetic diversity
(a) Random amplification of polymorphic DNA - RAPD

(b) Random amplification of microsatelites - RAMS. [8+8]
2. Describe the structural features of the skin with a neat diagram and the explain-
possible ways by which it can prevent entry of pathogens. [16]
3. What type of receptors are involved in host defence mechanism. Explain in detail
about them. [16]
4. Describe with a neat diagram the general structure of bacteria in relationship to

pathogenicity. [16]
5. Write about the applications of DNA microarray in studying the host pathogen
interactions. [16]
6. Define Vaccines. How does Vaccination enhance the immune system? Explain.[16]
7. (a) What advantage does the pathogen gain by producing enzymes that digest
structural components of host tissues.
(b) How can activity of coagulase work to enhance the growth of S.aureus. [8+8]
8. Discuss on the following:
(a) Various tests involved in diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis

(b) Various therapies for mycobacterium tuberculosis. [8+8]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
METABOLIC ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Write about operon model proposed by Jacob and monad, explain with reference
to Lac operon. [16]
2. Explain the regulation of aromatic amino biosynthesis. [16]
3. What are precursor effects? Briefly explain the regulation of secondary metabolic
pathways. [16]
4. Define biotransformation. Explain its significance using steroid and other biotrans-
formation. [16]
5. Write about optimization of metabolic flux through a pathway. [16]
6. Write about dynamic mass balances to measure the concentrations of substrate and
biomass constituents. [16]
7. Discuss the role of molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology for metabolic
pathway improvement. [16]
8. Explain metabolic application of engineering for secondary metabolite pathways.

[16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
(Bio-Technology)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. What is diauxic growth? Explain catabolite regulation in Lac operon. [16]
2. Explain the metabolic pathway manipulations to improve the production of 1, 3

propanediol. [16]
3. What are precursor effects? Briefly explain the regulation of secondary metabolic
pathways. [16]
4. Define bioconversion? Explain various factors affecting bioconversion. [16]
5. Write about the introduction of entirely new metabolic pathways into hosts with
an example. [16]
6. What is rate limiting enzyme? How rate limiting enzyme is identified? [16]
7. How bioinformatics fortified metabolic engineering? [16]
(a) aerobic biodegradation of pollutants

(b) anarobic biodegradation of pollutants. [16]
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
(Bio-Technology)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. Explain different patterns of regulation biosynthetic metabolic pathways. [16]
2. Explain in detail the strain improvement programs carried out to isolate strains
with superior properties regarding lysine. [16]
3. What is genetic design? Explain how nature has produced a vast diversity of
polyketides. [16]
4. What is mixed microbial bioconversion? Explain its significance. [8+8]
(a) Repression of enzyme synthesis

(b) Induction of enzyme synthesis
(c) Regulation of enzyme synthesis. [6+4+6]
6. Explain metabolic flux analysis of citric acid fermentation of Candida lipolytica

proposed by Aiba and Matsuoka. [16]
7. Explain the advantages of writing an algorithm for a metabolic pathway synthesis,

explain with an example. [16]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1
(Bio-Technology)
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1. What is metabolic regulation? Explain why metabolic regulation identification is

a key point in metabolic regulation. [6+10]
2. Explain the metabolic pathway manipulations to improve the production of isoleucine.

[16]
3. Write about various producers of secondary metabolites. [16]
4. Write about bioconversion of steroids. [16]
5. Explain different approaches in utilization of mutation and genetic recombination

for strain improvement. [16]
6. Explain generalized interactions of the limiting enzyme and its effect on metabolic
flux. [16]
7. Explain the role of bioinformatics in metabolic engineering. [16]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
1 of 1

Set No.1: IV B. Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2009

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Code No: R05 410108 Set No.1

2. Explain the following with respect to linear programming

4. Explain in detail Belman’s of principles of optimality forward and backward

5. Explain the following

7. Discuss elaborately principles of economics analysis in water resources.

8. Explain the formulation of LP model for optimal cropping pattern

2 Apply simplex method to Minimize z = 20 x + 14 y ,

4. Explain in detail Belman’s of principles of optimality forward and backward

5. Explain the following

7. Discuss elaborately benefit cost analysis in water resources.

2 Explain the formulation of optimization model for water resources

4. Explain in detail Belman’s of principles of optimality forward and backward

5. Explain the following

6. Discuss the model formulation of reservoir capacity using linear programming.

2 Explain the advantages and limitations of simplex method

4. Explain in detail Belman’s of principles of optimality forward and backward

5. Explain the following

1. (a) Explain stationary sources of air pollution.

3. (a) Discuss the combustion of coal and air pollutants generated.

5. (a) Explain the terms

(a) Absorption by Alkaline solutions.

2. (a) Describe the ill effects of Acid rain on metals.

3. (a) What is thermodynamics? Why it is relevant in the study of air pollution.

7. Explain stack gas emission standards for different industries. [16]

8. Explain stack gas emission standards for different industries. [16]

3. (a) Discuss the combustion of coal and air pollutants generated.

4. (a) Discuss the following terminology:

1. (a) Define Air pollution according to Bureau of Indian standards,IS-4167(1966).

7. Explain stack gas emission standards for different industries. [16]

4. Describe briefly any Three of the following.

5. a) Discuss in detail, Ruthfuchs method of proportioning of materials.

6. a) What is the concept of reinforced earth.

5. a) Explain triangular chart method of blending of aggregates.

b) Discuss in detail Field compaction control.

c) What is the mechanism in Mechanical Stabilization?

7. Write short Note on any four of the following.

(a) Nature of the soil affect the Cement Stabilization

8. a) What are the factors effecting the lime stabilization?

2. (a) Discuss the factors affecting Bituminous stabilization? 8m

5. (a) Discuss the theory related to lime and cement stabilization. 8m

6. (a) What are the different functions and applications of geosynthetics. 8m

7. (a) Discuss the problems of expansive soils. 8m

8. Write short notes on the following 4x4m

2. (a) Discuss the factors affecting Lime stabilization? 8m

3. (a) Write a note on Electro osmosis dewatering technique? 8m

5. (a) Discuss how soil-cement mix is designed. 8m

7. (a) Discuss the problems of expansive soils. 8m

8. Write short notes on the following.

ii). Wick drains

iii). Impact at the ground surface

iv) Sodium Silicate stabilization.

Peak load (MW) : 57 52 46 41 34

Load Point No. of customers Avg.load demand

6. a) Develop the recursive relation for unit addition and removal.

Line λ (f / hr) r (hours)

2. a) Explain the principle of decomposition method of evaluating reliability of a

3. (a) Explain the various regions of “bath tub curve”.

5. Develop frequency and duration concept for 2-compenent repairable model by

6. (a) Explain the combined generation and local model.

3 a) Explain the various regions of bath tub curve.