Sequence & Progression [1j

KEY COACEP1S
DEFINITION :
A sequence is a set oI terms in a deIinite order with a rule Ior obtaining the terms.
e.g. 1 , 1/2 , 1/3 , ....... , 1/n , ........ is a sequence.
AN ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (AP) :
AP is a sequence whose terms increase or decrease by a Iixed number. This Iixed number is called the
common diIIerence. II a is the Iirst term & d the common diIIerence, then AP can be written as
a, a d, a 2 d, ....... a (n 1)d, ........
n
th
term oI this AP t
n
a (n 1)d, where d a
n
a
n-1
.
The sum oI the Iirst n terms oI the AP is given by ; S
n

n
2
|2a (n 1)d|
n
2
|a |.
where is the last term.
NOTES :
(i) II each term oI an A.P. is increased, decreased, multiplied or divided by the same non zero number, then
the resulting sequence is also an AP.
(ii) Three numbers in AP can be taken as a d, a , ad ; Iour numbers in AP can be taken as a 3d,
a d, a d, a 3d ; Iive numbers in AP are a 2d , a d , a, a d, a 2d & six terms in AP are
a 5d, a 3d, a d, a d, a 3d, a 5d etc.
(iii) The common diIIerence can be zero, positive or negative.
(iv) The sum oI the two terms oI an AP equidistant Irom the beginning & end is constant and equal to the
sum oI Iirst & last terms.
(v) Any term oI an AP (except the Iirst) is equal to halI the sum oI terms which are equidistant Irom it.
(vi) t
r
S
r
S
r1
(vii) II a , b , c are in AP 2 b a c.
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (GP) :
GP is a sequence oI numbers whose Iirst term is non zero & each oI the succeeding terms is equal to the
proceeding terms multiplied by a constant . Thus in a GP the ratio oI successive terms is constant. This
constant Iactor is called the COMMON RATIO oI the series & is obtained by dividing any term by
that which immediately proceeds it. ThereIore a, ar, ar
2
, ar
3
, ar
4
, ...... is a GP with a as the Iirst term &
r as common ratio.
(i) n
th
term a r
n 1
(ii) Sum oI the I
st
n terms i.e. S
n

,
a r
r
n

1
1
, iI r

=1 .
(iii) Sum oI an inIinite GP when |r| 1 when n r
n
0 iI |r| 1 thereIore,
S

) 1 , r , (
r 1
a
<

.
(iv) II each term oI a GP be multiplied or divided by the same non-zero quantity, theresulting sequence is
also a GP.
(v) Any 3 consecutive terms oI a GP can be taken as a/r, a, ar ; any 4 consecutive terms oI a GP can be
taken as a/r
3
, a/r, ar, ar
3
& so on.
(vi) II a, b, c are in GP b
2
ac.
Sequence & Progression [2j
HARMONIC PROGRESSION (HP) :
A sequence is said to HP iI the reciprocals oI its terms are in AP.
II the sequence a
1
, a
2
, a
3
, .... , a
n
is an HP then 1/a
1
, 1/a
2
, .... , 1/a
n
is an AP & converse. Here we do
not have the Iormula Ior the sum oI the n terms oI an HP. Eor HP whose Iirst term is a & second term
is b, the n
th
term is t
n

a b
b n a b + ( )( ) 1
.
II a, b, c are in HP b
2ac
a c +
or
a
c

a b
b c

.
MEAAS
ARITHMETIC MEAN :
II three terms are in AP then the middle term is called the AM between the other two, so iI a, b, c are
in AP, b is AM oI a & c .
AM Ior any n positive number a
1
, a
2
, ... , a
n
is ; A
a a a a
n
n 1 2 3
+ + + + .....
.
n- ARITHMETIC MEANS BETWEEN TWO NUMBERS :
II a, b are any two given numbers & a, A
1
, A
2
, .... , A
n
, b are in AP then A
1
, A
2
, ... A
n
are the n AM`s
between a & b .
A
1
a
b a
n

+ 1
, A
2
a
2
1
( ) b a
n

+
, ...... , A
n
a
n b a
n
( )
+ 1
a d , a 2 d , ...... , A
n
a nd , where d
b a
n

+1
NOTE : Sum oI n AM`s inserted between a & b is equal to n times the single AM between a & b
i.e.
r
n
=

1
A
r
nA where A is the single AM between a & b.
GEOMETRIC MEANS :
II a, b, c are in GP, b is the GM between a & c.
b ac, thereIore b a c ; a ~ 0, c ~ 0.
n-GEOMETRIC MEANS BETWEEN a, b :
II a, b are two given numbers & a, G
1
, G
2
, ..... , G
n
, b are in GP. Then
G
1
, G
2
, G
3
, ...., G
n
are n GMs between a & b .
G
1
a(b/a)
1/n1
, G
2
a(b/a)
2/n1
, ...... , G
n
a(b/a)
n/n1
ar , ar , ...... ar
n
, where r (b/a)
1/n1
NOTE: The product oI n GMs between a & b is equal to the n
th
power oI the single GM between a & b
i.e.
t
r
n
= 1
G
r
(G)
n
where G is the single GM between a & b.
HARMONIC MEAN :
II a, b, c are in HP, b is the HM between a & c, then b 2ac/|a c|.
THEOREM :
II A, G, H are respectively AM, GM, HM between a & b both being unequal & positive then,
(i) G AH
(ii) A ~ G ~ H (G ~ 0). Note that A, G, H constitute a GP.
Sequence & Progression [3j
ARITHMETICO-GEOMETRIC SERIES :
A series each term oI which is Iormed by multiplying the corresponding term oI an AP & GP is called the
Arithmetico-Geometric Series. e.g. 1 3x 5x
2
7x
3
.....
Here 1, 3, 5, .... are in AP & 1, x, x
2
, x
3
..... are in GP.
Standart appearance of an Arithmetico-Geometric Series is
Let S
n
a (a d) r (a 2 d) r ..... |a (n 1)d| r
n1
SUM TO INFINITY :
II |r| 1 & n then
Limit
n
r
n
0 . S

,
a
r
d r
r
1
1
2

.
SIGMA AO1A1IOAS
THEOREMS :
(i)
r
n
=

1
(a
r
+ b
r
)
r
n
=

1
a
r
+
r
n
=

1
b
r
.
(ii)
r
n
=

1
k a
r
k
r
n
=

1
a
r
.
(iii)
r
n
=

1
k nk ; where k is a constant.
RESUL1S
(i)
r
n
=

1
r
n n ( ) +1
2
(sum oI the Iirst n natural nos.)
(ii)
r
n
=

1
r
n n n ( ) ( ) + + 1 2 1
6
(sum oI the squares oI the Iirst n natural numbers)
(iii)
r
n
=

1
r
3

n n
2 2
1
4
( ) +
r
r
n
=

1
2
(sum oI the cubes oI the Iirst n natural numbers)
(iv)
r
n
=

1
r
4

n
30
(n 1) (2n 1) (3n 3n 1)
METHOD OF DIFFERENCE :
II T
1
, T
2
, T
3
, ...... , T
n
are the terms oI a sequence then some times the terms T
2
T
1
, T
3
T
2
, .......
constitute an AP/GP. n
th
term oI the series is determined & the sum to n terms oI the sequence can
easily be obtained.
Remember that to Iind the sum oI n terms oI a series each term oI which is composed oI r Iactors in
AP, the Iirst Iactors oI several terms being in the same AP, we 'write down the nth term, aIIix the next
Iactor at the end, divide by the number oI Iactors thus increased and by the common diIIerence and add
a constant. Determine the value oI the constant by applying the initial conditions.
Sequence & Progression [4j
EXERCISE-I
Q.1 II the 10th term oI an HP is 21 & 21
st
term oI the same HP is 10, then Iind the 210
th
term.
Q.2 Show that n (4 12 36 108 .............. up to terms) 2 n 2
3 n
2
) 1 n ( n

Q.3 There are n AM`s between 1 & 31 such that 7th mean : (n 1)
th
mean 5 : 9, then Iind the value oI n.
Q.4 Eind the sum oI the series , 7 77 777 ..... to n terms.
Q.5 Express the recurring decimal 0.1576 as a rational number using concept oI inIinite geometric series.
Q.6 Eind the sum oI the n terms oI the sequence
1
1 1 1
2
1 2 2
3
1 3 3
2 4 2 4 2 4
+ +
+
+ +
+
+ +
+ ........
Q.7 The Iirst term oI an arithmetic progression is 1 and the sum oI the Iirst nine terms equal to 369. The Iirst
and the ninth term oI a geometric progression coincide with the Iirst and the ninth term oI the arithmetic
progression. Eind the seventh term oI the geometric progression.
Q.8 II the p
th
, q
th
& r
th
terms oI an AP are in GP . Show that the common ratio oI the GP is
q r
p q

.
Q.9 II one AM a` & two GM`s p & q be inserted between any two given numbers then show that
p
3
q
3
2 apq .
Q.10 The sum oI n terms oI two arithmetic series are in the ratio oI (7n 1) : (4n 27) . Eind the ratio oI their
n
th
term.
Q.11 II S be the sum , P the product & R the sum oI the reciprocals oI a GP , Iind the value oI
P
R
S
n
2

'

|
.
|
.
Q.12 The Iirst and last terms oI an A.P. are a and b. There are altogether (2n 1) terms. A new series is
Iormed by multiplying each oI the Iirst 2n terms by the next term. Show that the sum oI the new series is
n 6
ab ) 2 n 4 ( ) b a )( 1 n 4 (
2 2 2 2
+ + +
.
Q.13 In an AP oI which a` is the Ist term, iI the sum oI the Ist p terms is equal to zero , show that the sum oI
the next q terms is a (p q) q/(p1).
Q.14(a) The interior angles oI a polygon are in AP. The smallest angle is 120 & the common diIIerence is 5.
Eind the number oI sides oI the polygon.
(b) The interior angles oI a convex polygon Iorm an arithmetic progression with a common diIIerence oI 4.
Determine the number oI sides oI the polygon iI its largest interior angle is 172.
Q.15 An AP & an HP have the same Iirst term, the same last term & the same number oI terms ; prove that
the product oI the r
th
term Irom the beginning in one series & the r
th
term Irom the end in the other is
independent oI r.
Q.16 Eind three numbers a , b, c between 2 & 18 such that ;
(i) their sum is 25
(ii) the numbers 2, a, b are consecutive terms oI an AP &
(iii) the numbers b, c , 18 are consecutive terms oI a GP .
Q.17 Given that a
x
b
y
c
z
d
u
& a , b , c , d are in GP, show that x , y, z , u are in HP .
Q.18 In a set oI Iour numbers, the Iirst three are in GP & the last three are in AP , with common diIIerence 6.
II the Iirst number is the same as the Iourth , Iind the Iour numbers.
Sequence & Progression [5j
Q.19 Eind the sum oI the Iirst n terms oI the sequence : 1 2 1
1
3 1
1
4 1
1
2 3
+ +

'

|
.
|
+ +

'

|
.
|
+ +

'

|
.
|
+
n n n
.........
Q.20 Eind the nth term and the sum to n terms oI the sequence :
(i) 1 5 13 29 61 ...... (ii) 6 13 22 33 .......
Q.21 The AM oI two numbers exceeds their GM by 15 & HM by 27 . Eind the numbers.
Q.22 The harmonic mean oI two numbers is 4. The airthmetic mean A & the geometric mean G satisIy the
relation 2A G 27. Eind the two numbers.
Q.23 Sum the Iollowing series to n terms and to inIinity :
(i)
1
1 4 7
1
4 7 10
1
7 10 13
+ + +......... (ii)
r
n
=

1
r (r 1) (r 2) (r 3)
(iii)
r
n
=

1
1
4 1
2
r
(iv)
. ..........
8 . 6 . 4
5 . 3 . 1
6 . 4
3 . 1
4
1
+ + +
.
Q.24 Eind the value oI the sum
(a)
r
n
=

1 s
n
=

1
o
rs
2
r
3
s
where o
rs
is zero iI r = s &o
rs
is one iI r s.
(b)
i
n
j
i
k
j
= = =

1 1 1
1.
Q.25 Eor or 0 | t/2, iI :
x
n =

0
cos
2n
| , y
n =

0
sin
2n
| , z
n =

0
cos
2n
| sin
2n
| then : Prove that
(i) xyz xy z (ii) xyz x y z
EXERCISE-II
Q.1 The series oI natural numbers is divided into groups (1), (2, 3, 4), (5, 6, 7, 8, 9), ...... & so on. Show
that the sum oI the numbers in the n
th
group is (n1)
3
n
3
.
Q.2 The sum oI the squares oI three distinct real numbers , which are in GP is S . II their sum is oS, show
that o e (1/3 , 1) (1 , 3) .
Q.3 II there be m AP`s beginning with unity whose common diIIerence is 1, 2, 3 .... m . Show that the sum
oI their n
th
terms is (m/2) (mn m n 1).
Q.4 II S
n
represents the sum to n terms oI a GP whose Iirst term & common ratio are a & r respectively, then
prove that S
1
S
3
S
5
..... S
2n-1

a n
r
a r r
r r
n
1
1
1 1
2
2

+
( )
( ) ( )
.
Q.5 A geometrical & harmonic progression have the same p
th
, q
th
& r
th
terms a, b, c respectively. Show
that a (b c) log a b (c a) log b c (a b) log c 0.
Q.6 A computer solved several problems in succession. The time it took the computer to solve each successive
problem was the same number oI times smaller than the time it took to solve the preceding problem.
How many problems were suggested to the computer iI it spent 63.5 min to solve all the problems
except Ior the Iirst, 127 min to solve all the problems except Ior the last one, and 31.5 min to solve all the
problems except Ior the Iirst two?
Q.7 II the sum oI m terms oI an AP is equal to the sum oI either the next n terms or the next p terms oI the
same AP prove that (m n) |(1/m) (1/p)| (m p) |(1/m) (1/n)| (n = p)
Sequence & Progression [j
Q.8 II the roots oI 10x
3
cx
2
54x 27 0 are in harmonic progression, then Iind c & all the roots.
Q.9(a) Let a
1
, a
2
, a
3
...... a
n
be an AP . Prove that :
1 1 1 1
1 2 1 3 2 1
a a a a a a a a
n n n n
+ + + +

..........
2 1 1 1 1
1 1 2 3
a a a a a a
n n
+
+ + + +

..........
(b) Show that in any arithmetic progression a
1
, a
2
, a
3
.......
a
1
a
2
a
3
a
4
...... a
2K 1
a
2K
|K/(2 K 1)| (a
1
a
2K
) .
Q.10 Let a
1
, a
2
, ........... , a
n
, a
n1
, ....... be an A.P.
Let S
1
a
1
a
2
a
3
............. a
n
S
2
a
n1
a
n2
............... a
2n
S
3
a
2n1
a
2n2
............. a
3n
................................................
................................................
Prove that the sequence S
1
, S
2
, S
3
, ........ is an arithmetic progression whose common diIIerence
is n
2
times the common diIIerence oI the given progression.
Q.11 II a, b, c are in HP, b, c, d are in GP & c, d, e are in AP, Show that e ab/(2a b) .
Q.12 II a, b, c, d, e be 5 numbers such that a, b, c are in AP ; b, c, d are in GP & c, d, e are in HP then:
(i) Prove that a, c, e are in GP .
(ii) Prove that e (2 b a)/a .
(iii) II a 2 & e 18 , Iind all possible values oI b , c , d .
Q.13 The sequence a
1
, a
2
, a
3
, ....... a
98
satisIies the relation a
n1
a
n
1 Ior n 1, 2, 3, .........97 and has
the sum equal to 4949. Evaluate

=
49
1 k
k 2
a .
Q.14 II n is a root oI the equation x (1ac) x(a c) (1ac) 0 & iI n HM`s are inserted between
a & c, show that the diIIerence between the Iirst & the last mean is equal to ac(a c) .
Q.15 (a) The value oI x y z is 15 iI a , x , y, z , b are in AP while the value oI ;
(1/x)(1/y)(1/z) is 5/3 iI a , x , y, z , b are in HP . Eind a & b .
(b) The values oI xyz is 15/2 or 18/5 according as the series a, x, y, z, b is an AP or HP. Eind
the values oI a & b assuming them to be positive integer .
Q.16 An AP, a GP & a HP have a` & b` Ior their Iirst two terms . Show that their (n2)
th
terms will be
in GP iI
, n
1 n
a b a b
a b
n 2 n 2
2 n 2 2 n 2
+
=

+ +
.
Q.17 Prove that the sum oI the inIinite series 23 ..........
2
9 . 7
2
7 . 5
2
5 . 3
2
3 . 1
4 3 2
= + + + + .
Q.18 II there are n quantities in GP with common ratio r & S
m
denotes the sum oI the Iirst m terms, show that
the sum oI the products oI these m terms taken two & two together is |r/(r 1)| |S
m
| |S
m 1
| .
Sequence & Progression [7j
o - |..+ ... ...+..... .... ... .... .. ... .......

,
:
. - ., -. .. . | ..+ ..... ... ...
.......

:
:
- :s -
Q.20 II ax
2
2bx c 0 & a
1
x
2
2 b
1
x c
1
0 have a common root & a/a
1
, b/b
1
, c/c
1
are in AP,
show that a
1
, b
1
& c
1
are in GP.
Q.21 II a , b , c be in GP & log
c
a, log
b
c, log
a
b be in AP , then show that the common diIIerence oI the
AP must be 3/2.
Q.22 II a
1
1 & Ior n ~1 , a
n
a
n-1

1
1
a
n
, then show that 12 a
75
15.
Q.23 Sum to n terms : (i)
1
1
2
1 2
3
1 2 3
2
x
x
x x
x
x x x +
+
+ +
+
+ + +
+
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
.......
(ii)
, , , , ,
a
a
a
a a
a
a a a
1
1
2
1 2
3
1 2 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 +
+
+ +
+
+ + +
+
.......
Q.24 In a GP the ratio oI the sum oI the Iirst eleven terms to the sum oI the last eleven terms is 1/8 and the
ratio oI the sum oI all the terms without the Iirst nine to the sum oI all the terms without the last nine is 2.
Eind the number oI terms in the GP.
Q.25 Given a three digit number whose digits are three successive terms oI a G.P. II we subtract 792 Irom it,
we get a number written by the same digits in the reverse order . Now iI we subtract Iour Irom the
hundred's digit oI the initial number and leave the other digits unchanged, we get a number whose digits
are successive terms oI an A.P. Eind the number.
EXERCISE-III
Q.1 Eor any odd integer n > 1, n
3
(n 1)
3
...... (1)
n 1
l
3
. | JEE `96, 1|
Q.2 x 1 3a 6a 10a
3
..... |a| 1
y 1 4b 10b 20b
3
..... |b| 1, Iind S 1 3ab 5(ab) .... in terms oI x & y.
| REE `96, 6 |
Q.3 The real numbers x
1
, x
2
, x
3
satisIying the equation x
3
x | x 0 are in A.P . Eind the
intervals in which | and lie . |JEE `96, 3|
Q.4 Let p & q be roots oI the equation x
2
2x A 0, and let r & s be the roots oI the equation
x
2
18x B 0 . II p q r s are in arithmatic progression, then A , and B .
| JEE `97, 2 |
Q.5 a, b, c are the Iirst three terms oI a geometric series. II the harmonic mean oI a & b is 12 and that oI b
& c is 36, Iind the Iirst Iive terms oI the series. | REE '98, 6 |
Q.6 Select the correct alternative(s). | JEE '98, 2 2 8 |
(a) Let T
r
be the r
th
term oI an AP, Ior r 1, 2, 3, .... II Ior some positive integers m, n we have
T
m

1
n
& T
n

1
m
, then T
mn
equals :
(A)
1
mn
(B)
1 1
m n
+
(C) 1 (D) 0
(b) II x 1, y ~ 1, z ~ 1 are in GP, then
1
1 + nx
,
1
1 + ny
,
1
1 + n z
are in :
(A) AP (B) HP (C) GP (D) none oI the above
(c) Prove that a triangle ABC is equilateral iI & only iI tanA tanB tanC 3
3
.
Sequence & Progression [8j
Q.7(a) The harmonic mean oI the roots oI the equation
,
5 2 + x
2

,
4 5 + x 8 2 5 0 is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
(b) Let a
1
, a
2
,...., a
10
, be in A.P. & h
1
, h
2
, ....., h
10
be in H.P. II a
1
h
1
2 & a
10
h
10
3 then a
4
h
7
is:
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6
| JEE '99, 2 2 out oI 200 |
Q.8 The sum oI an inIinite geometric series is 162 and the sum oI its Iirst n terms is 160. II the inverse oI its
common ratio is an integer, Iind all possible values oI the common ratio, n and the Iirst terms oI the series.
| REE '99, 6 |
Q.9(a) Consider an inIinite geometric series with Iirst term 'a' and common ratio r . II the sum is 4 and the
second term is 3/4, then :
(A) a
7
4
, r
3
7
(B) a 2 , r
3
8
(C) a
3
2
, r
1
2
(D) a 3 , r
1
4
(b) II a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that a b c d 2, then M (a b) (c d) satisIies
the relation :
(A) 0

s M

s 1 (B) 1

s M

s 2
(C) 2

s M

s 3 (D) 3

s M

s 4
| JEE 2000, Screening, 1 1 out oI 35 |
(c) The Iourth power oI the common diIIerence oI an arithmetic progression with integer entries added to
the product oI any Iour consecutive terms oI it . Prove that the resulting sum is the square oI an integer.
| JEE 2000, Mains, 4 out oI 100 |
Q.10 Given that o

, are roots oI the equation, Ax
2
4 x 1 0 and |, o the roots oI the equation,
Bx
2
6 x 1 0, Iind values oI A and B, such that o, |, & o are in H.P.
| REE 2000, 5 out oI 100 |
Q.11 The sum oI roots oI the equation ax
2
bx c 0 is equal to the sum oI squares oI their reciprocals. Eind
whether bc
2
, ca
2
and ab
2
in A.P., G.P. or H.P.? | REE 2001, 3 out oI 100 |
Q.12 Solve the Iollowing equations Ior x and y
log
2
x log
4
x log
16
x .................... y
5 9 13 4 1
1 3 5 2 1
+ + + + +
+ + + +
............ ( )
.............. ( )
y
y
4log
4
x | REE 2001, 5 out oI 100 |
Q.13(a) Let o, | be the roots oI x
2
x p 0 and , o be the roots oI x
2
4x q 0. II o, |, , o are in G.P.,
then the integral values oI p and q respectively, are
(A) 2, 32 (B) 2, 3 (C) 6, 3 (D) 6, 32
(b) II the sum oI the Iirst 2n terms oI the A.P. 2, 5, 8, ........... is equal to the sum oI the Iirst n terms oI the A.P.
57, 59, 61, ........, then n equals
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 11 (D) 13
(c) Let the positive numbers a, b, c, d be in A.P. Then abc, abd, acd, bcd are
(A) NOT in A.P./G.P./H.P. (B) in A.P.
(C) in G.P. (D) H.P.
| JEE 2001, Screening, 1 1 1 out oI 35 |
Sequence & Progression [9j
(d) Let a
1
, a
2
.......... be positive real numbers in G.P. Eor each n, let A
n
, G
n
, H
n
, be respectively, the
arithmetic mean, geometric mean and harmonic mean oI a
1
, a
2
, a
3
, ...........a
n
. Eind an expression Ior the
G.M. oI G
1
, G
2
, .........G
n
in terms oI A
1
, A
2
.............A
n
, H
1
, H
2
, .........H
n
.
| JEE 2001 (Mains); 5|
Q.14(a) Suppose a, b, c are in A.P. and a
2
, b
2
, c
2
are in G.P. II a b c and a b c
3
2
, then the value oI
a is
(A)
1
2 2
(B)
1
2 3
(C)
1
2
1
3

(D)
1
2
1
2

|JEE 2002 (Screening), 3|

(b) Let a, b be positive real numbers. II a , A
1
, A
2
, b are in A.P. ; a , a
1
, a
2
, b are in G.P. and
a , H
1
, H
2
, b are in H.P. , show that
G G
H H
A A
H H
a b a b
ab
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
2 2
9
=
+
+
=
+ + ( ) ( )
| JEE 2002 , Mains , 5 out oI 60 |
Q.15 II a, b, c are in A.P., a
2
, b
2
, c
2
are in H.P. , then prove that either a b c or a, b,
2
c

Iorm a G.P. .
|JEE-03, Mains-4 out oI 60|
Q.16 The Iirst term oI an inIinite geometric progression is x and its sum is 5. Then
(A) 0 s x s 10 (B) 0 x 10 (C) 10 x 0 (D) x ~ 10
|JEE 2004 (Screening)|
Q.17 II a, b, c are positive real numbers, then prove that |(1 a) (1 b) (1 c)|
7
~ 7
7
a
4
b
4
c
4
.
|JEE 2004, 4 out oI 60|
Q.18(a) In the quadratic equation ax
2
bx c 0, iI A b
2
4ac and o |, o
2
|
2
, o
3
|
3
are in G.P. where
o, | are the roots oI ax
2
bx c 0, then
(A) A = 0 (B) bA 0 (C) cA 0 (D) A 0
|JEE 2005 (Screening)|
(b) II total number oI runs scored in matches is
|
.
|

'
+
4
1 n
(2
n1
n 2) where n ~ 1, and the runs scored in
the k
th
match are given by k2
n1 k
, where 1 s k s n. Eind n. |JEE 2005 (Mains), 2|
Q.19 II ,
n
1 n
3 2
n
4
3
1 .......
4
3
4
3
4
3
A |
.
|

'

+ + |
.
|

'

+ |
.
|

'

|
.
|

'

=

and B
n
1 A A
n
, then Iind the minimum natural
number n
0
such that B
n
~ A
n
. n ~ n
0
. |JEE 2006, 6|
Sequence & Progression [1j
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE-I
Q 1. 1 Q 3. 14
Q 4. S (7/81)10
n1
9n 10} Q 5. 35/222
Q 6. n (n 1)/2 (n n 1) Q 7. 27
Q 10. (14 n 6)/(8 n 23) Q 11. 1
Q 14. (a) 9 ; (b) 12 Q 16. a 5 , b 8 , c 12
Q 18. (8 , 4 , 2 , 8) Q 19. n
Q 20. (i) 2
n1
3 ; 2
n2
4 3n (ii) n 4n 1 ; (1/6) n (n 1) (2n 13) n
Q 21. 120 , 30 Q 22. 6 , 3
Q 23. (i) s
n
(1/24) |1/6(3n 1) (3n 4) }| ; s

1/24 (ii) (1/5) n (n 1) (n 2) (n 3) (n 4)

(iii) n/(2n1) (iv) S
n

]

+
+

) 2 n 2 )( n 2 ......( 6 . 4 . 2
) 1 n 2 )( 1 n 2 .....( 5 . 3 . 1
2
1
2
; S

1
Q 24. (a) (6/5) (6
n
1) (b) |n (n 1) (n 2)|/6
EXERCISE-II
Q 6. 8 problems , 127.5 minutes Q.8 C 9 ; (3, 3/2 , 3/5)
Q 12. (iii) b 4 , c 6 , d 9 OR b 2 , c 6 , d 18 Q.13 2499
Q 15. (a) a 1 , b 9 OR b 1 , a 9 ; (b) a 1 ; b 3 or vice versa
Q.19 :,

-, ::. - . .... ... . . :

Q 23. (a) 1
x
x x x n
n
( ) ( ) ..... ( ) + + + 1 2
(b) 1
1
1 1 1
1 2
( ) ( ) ..... ( ) + + + a a a
n
Q 24. n 38 Q 25. 931
EXERCISE-III
Q 1.
1
4
(2n 1) (n 1)
Q 2. S
1
1
2
+

ab
ab ( )
Where a 1 x
1/3
& b 1 y
1/4
Q3. | s (1/3) ; > (1/27)
Q 4. 3, 77 Q 5. 8, 24, 72, 216, 648
Q 6. (a) C (b) B Q 7. (a) B (b) D
Q 8. r + 1/9 ; n 2 ; a 144/180 OR r + 1/3 ; n 4 ; a 108 OR r 1/81 ; n 1 ; a 160
Q 9. (a) D (b) A Q 10. A 3 ; B 8
Q 11. A.P. Q 12. x
2 2
and y 3
Q 13. (a) A, (b) C, (c) D , (d)
, ,
[
A A A H H H
n n
n
1 2 1 2
1
2
, ,............ , ,............
Q14. (a) D Q.16 B Q.18 (a) C, (b) n 7 Q.19 n
0
5
Sequence & Progression [11j
srtrxcr x rnoonrssiox
s-/-. r- .-. ./-.- . ;o/, - .-.
Q.104 II a, b, c be in A.P., b, c, d in G.P. & c, d, e in H.P., then a, c, e will be in :
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) none oI these
Q.105 II a, b, c are in H.P., then a, a c, a b are in :
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) none oI these
Q.106 II three positive numbers a , b, c are in H.P. then
e
n a c n a b c ( ) ( ) + + + 2
simpliIies to
(A) (a c)
2
(B) zero (C) ( a c) (D) 1
srtrxcr x rnoonrssiox
x.-.. : :s- -: r-....- .:
s-/-. r- .-. ./-.- . ;o/, - .-.
Q.104 B Q.105 C Q.106 A Q.107 B Q.108
C
Q.109 A Q.110 C Q.111 B Q.112 A Q.113
C
o o o . o- . o: a os a
Q.119 B Q.120 C Q.121 D Q.122 A Q.123
B
Q.124 C Q.125 B Q.126 C Q.127 C Q.128
A
o:- a o . o . o: c
Sequence & Progression [12j
Q.107 The sum
1
1
2
2
r
r

=

is equal to :
(A) 1 (B) 3/4 (C) 4/3 (D) none
Q.108 In a potato race , 8 potatoes are placed 6 metres apart on a straight line, the Iirst being 6 metres
Irom the basket which is also placed in the same line. A contestant starts Irom the basket and puts one
potato at a time into the basket. Eind the total distance he must run in order to Iinish the race.
(A) 420 (B) 210 (C) 432 (D) none
Q.109 II the roots oI the cubic x
3
px
2
qx r 0 are in G.P. then
(A) q
3
p
3
r (B) p
3
q
3
r (C) pq r (D) pr q
Q.110 Along a road lies an odd number oI stones placed at intervals oI 10 m. These stones have to be
assembled around the middle stone. A person can carry only one stone at a time. A man carried out the
job starting with the stone in the middle, carrying stones in succession, thereby covering a distance oI 4.8
km. Then the number oI stones is
(A) 15 (B) 29 (C) 31 (D) 35
Q.111 II 2 log
) 1 2 . 5 (
x
+
; 4 log
) 1 2 (
x 1
+

and 1 are in Harmonical Progression then

(A) x is a positive real (B) x is a negative real
(C) x is rational which is not integral (D) x is an integer
Q.112 II a, b, c are in G.P., then the equations, ax
2
2bx c 0 & dx
2
2ex I 0 have a common root,
iI
d
a
,
e
b
,
f
c
are in :
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) none
Q.113 II the sum oI the roots oI the quadratic equation, ax
2
bx c 0 is equal to sum oI the squares oI
their reciprocals, then
a
c
,
b
a
,
c
b
are in :
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) none
o .. ... .. .| .

. .
:
. .

. . .
.
.
.

- : ..+ .

.
:
.

- s
.... ... .... .. .
:
.

.
-
....
. : a - c s o :
, .,. o-: .. ... s.. : ;
Q.115 Given Iour positive number in A.P. II 5 , 6 , 9 and 15 are added respectively to these numbers , we
get a G.P. , then which oI the Iollowing holds?
(A) the common ratio oI G.P. is 3/2
(B) common ratio oI G.P. is 2/3
(C) common diIIerence oI the A.P. is 3/2
(D) common diIIerence oI the A.P. is 2/3
Sequence & Progression [13j
Q.116 Consider an A.P. with Iirst term 'a' and the common diIIerence d. Let S
k
denote the sum oI the Iirst
K terms. Let
S
S
kx
x
is independent oI x, then
(A) a d/2 (B) a d (C) a 2d (D) none
Q.117 Concentric circles oI radii 1, 2, 3......100 cms are drawn. The interior oI the smallest circle is
coloured red and the angular regions are coloured alternately green and red, so that no two adjacent
regions are oI the same colour. The total area oI the green regions in sq. cm is equal to
(A) 1000t (B) 5050t (C) 4950t (D) 5151t
os c...+.. ... .| .

. .
:
. . .
.
.
... o| -

. -
:
.. -
.
.
... .... .

- -

- . .
-
- -
-
..+
369 a
9
1 r
r
=

=
....
. -
-
- :: a -
:
- :: c -
s
- s o -
-
- s
, .,. o-s .. ... s.. : ;
Q.119 Eor an increasing A.P. a
1
, a
2
, ...... a
n
iI a
1
a
3
a
5
12 : a
1
a
3
a
5
80 then which oI the Iollowing
does not hold?
(A) a
1
10 (B) a
2
1 (C) a
3
4 (D) a
5
2
Q.120 Consider a decreasing G.P. : g
1
, g
2
, g
3
, ...... g
n
....... such that g
1
g
2
g
3
13 and
2
3
2
2
2
1
g g g + + 91
then which oI the Iollowing does not hold?
(A) The greatest term oI the G.P. is 9. (B) 3g
4
g
3
(C) g
1
1 (D) g
2
3
Q.121 II p , q, r in H.P. and p & r be diIIerent having same sign then the roots oI the equation px
2
qxr0
are
. .... s .... a .... s +...... c .......... o .._....,
Q.122 The point A(x
1
, y
1
) ; B(x
2
, y
2
) and C(x
3
, y
3
) lie on the parabola y 3x
2
. II x
1
, x
2
, x
3
are in A.P. and
y
1
, y
2
, y
3
are in G.P. then the common ratio oI the G.P. is
(A) 3 2 2 (B) 3 2 (C) 3 2 (D) 3 2 2
Q.123 II a, b, c are in A.P., then a
2
(b c) b
2
(c a) c
2
(a b) is equal to :
(A)
( ) a b c + +
3
8
(B)
2
9
(a b c)
3
(C)
3
10
(a b c)
3
(D)
1
9
(a b c)
3
Q.124 II S
n

1
1
1 2
1 2
3 3 3
+
+
+
......
1 2 3
1 2 3
3 3 3 3
+ + + +
+ + + +
......
......
n
n
, n 1, 2, 3,...... Then S
n
is not greater than:
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4
Q.125 II S
n
denotes the sum oI the Iirst n terms oI a G.P. , with the Iirst term and the common ratio both
positive, then
(A) S
n
, S
2n
, S
3n
Iorm a G.P. (B) S
n
, S
2n
, S
n
, S
3n
, S
2n
Iorm a G.P.
(C) S
2n
S
n
, S
3n
S
2n
, S
3n
S
n
Iorm a G.P. (D) S
2n
S
n
, S
3n
S
2n
, S
3n
S
n
Iorm a G.P.
Sequence & Progression [14j
Q.126
to equal is ...... ..........
10 . 8 . 6 . 4 . 2
7 . 5 . 3 . 1
8 . 6 . 4 . 2
5 . 3 . 1
6 . 4 . 2
3 . 1
4 . 2
1
+ + + +
(A)
4
1
(B)
3
1
(C)
2
1
(D) 1
o:: c...+.. .. .| .

. .
:
. .

. ... .... .

.
s
- ..+ .

.
:
- :. .... ... .... ..
.

.
-
.
:
.
. s a c : o -
o:s . ...... .. ..+.. . . .....-.+ .. . .... ... .+ ,.... .. .+. .. ... .... ... -... ........+ -, .... ._... ..+ . .. .... ......+
... .+. .. ... ......._ .... ... ... ........+ -, ._... . .... . .. .... . .-.....+ ..+ . ... .... ... ..+.. .. ... ......
.....-.+ .. ... .
..
.... .
.
r 2
2
n 1

a
r 2
2
n 3 3

c
r 2
2
n

o
r 2
2
n 3 5

Q.129 The sum

=
+
1 k
k
2 k
3
2
equal to
(A) 12 (B) 8 (C) 6 (D) 4
Q.130 The sum

=

+
1 n
2 n
2 n
4
2
5 is equal to
(A) 1372 (B) 440 (C) 320 (D) 388
Q.131 Given a
mn
A ; a
mn
B as the terms oI the G.P. a
1
, a
2
, a
3
,............. then Ior A
=
0 which oI the
Iollowing holds?
(A)
AB a
m
=
(B)
n 2 n n
n
B A a =
(C)
n m
mn n m m
1 m
2
B
A
a a
+

|
.
|

'

= (D)
n m
n n m m
1 n
2 2
B
A
a a
+

|
.
|

'

=
Q.132 The sum oI the inIinite series, 1
2

2
5
3
5
4
5
5
5
6
5
2 2
2
2
3
2
4
2
5
+ + ........ is :
(A)
1
2
(B)
25
24
(C)
25
54
(D)
125
252