Current assets: Note Cash and cash equivalent P 400,000 Trading securities 100,000 Trade and other receivables 700,000 Inventories 800,000 Prepaid expenses 100,000 Total current assets 2,100,000
Noncurrent assets: Property, plant and equipment 7,150,000 Long-term investments 1,310,000 Intangible assets 3,350,000 Other noncurrent assets 150,000 Total noncurrent assets 10,110,000
Total assets P 12,900,000
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
Current liabilities: Trade and other payables 1,000,000 Total current liabilities 1,000,000
Noncurrent liabilities: Bonds payable 6,000,000 Total noncurrent liabilities 6,000,000
Shareholders equity Share capital 7,000,000 Reserves 700,000 Retained earnings (deficit) (1,800,000) Total shareholders equity 5,900,000 Total liabilities and shareholders equity P 12,900,000
ASSETS Current Assets: unrestricted cash and cash equivalent, short- term investments, and other assets that is convertible to cash or expended within one year.
1. Cash and cash equivalent: cash on hand, deposits with banks, cash for revolving use, petty cash , and short-term and highly liquid investment that can be converted into a fixed amount of cash with interest fluctuation having small impact thereon, excluding those already set aside for use or restricted by law or contract. It is an asset that appears on the statement of financial position of a business and includes currency (coins and bank notes) held by a business (in hand and in bank accounts) and cash equivalents. Cash: a medium of exchange, a store of value and a unit of account and a business needs to have sufficient cash in order to be able to pay its liabilities. A business generates cash from sale of products and services, sale of assets, borrowings from banks and other creditors and from capital contributions by its owners. It uses cash to pay for its operating and capital expenditure, its liabilities and in paying dividends to its owners. Cash equivalent: are not precisely coins and bank notes but are marketable securities of very short-term maturity (typically always less than 3 months) which are not expected to deteriorate significantly in value till maturity. 2. Financial asset at fair value: Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held-for-trading and financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss. Financial assets are classified as held-for-trading if they are acquired for the purpose of selling in the near term. Derivative assets, including separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held-for-trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss are carried in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value with gains or losses recognized in the consolidated statement of income under Gains or Losses on Derivative Financial Instrument Transactions for derivative instruments and Other Income or Expense for non-derivative financial assets. 3. Trade and other receivables: categorized as loans and receivables, are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, less provision for impairment. A provision for impairment of trade and other receivables is established when there is objective evidence that we will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms of the receivables. Significant financial difficulties of the debtor, probability that the debtor will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization, and default or delinquency in payments are considered indicators that the trade receivable is impaired. The amount of the provision is the difference between the assets carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate. Cash flows relating to short-term receivables are not discounted if the effect of discounting is immaterial. The carrying amount of the asset is reduced through the use of an allowance account and the amount of the loss is recognized in the consolidated statement of income. When a trade and other receivable are uncollectible, it is written-off against the allowance account for trade and other receivables. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written-off are recognized as income in the consolidated statement of income.
Accounts receivable: claims of the business entity arising from selling of goods or services; the accounting nature, valuation and required notes are as follows: Shall be valued at the present value or may be valued at the book value if maturing within one year. Unrealized interest revenues from installment sales shall be presented as the contra account of the accounts receivable. Accounts receivable to be collected over one year shall be specified in the notes for the amount expected collection of each year. Accounts receivable determined as uncollectible shall be written off. Accounts receivable shall be valued at closing for the uncollected amount, and an allowance for the uncollectible amount shall be properly provided and presented as the contra account of the accounts receivable.
Notes receivable: various notes which are collected by the business entity. The accounting nature, valuation and required notes are as follows: Be valued at the present value, or may be valued at the face value if maturing within one year. Notes receivable that were discounted or transferred to others shall be deducted and specified. Notes receivable arising from operations shall be presented separately from those not arising from operations. Uncollectible notes shall be written off. Shall be valued at closing for the uncollectible amount shall be properly provided and presented as the contra account of the notes.
Accrued interest on notes receivable: is a current asset if the interest amount is expected to be collected within one year of the balance sheet date. Even in the case of long term note receivable due in five years will require that the interest on the note be paid quarterly, semiannually or annually making it a current asset. If the interest on the note is not expected to be received within one year of the balance sheet date, then the accrued interest receivable should be reported as a long term asset.
4. Inventories: are merchandise or goods, either finished goods or by-products for sale in normal operations along with goods that are work-in-process to be sold upon completion, or raw materials or supplies used directly or indirectly in the production of goods (or services) for sale; the account nature, valuation and required notes are as follows: Shall be valued using the lower of cost or market price method. Those with defect, damage or obsolescence causing an obvious decline I value shall be based on net realizable value.
5. Prepaid Expenses A type of asset that arises on a balance sheet as a result of business making payments for goods and services to be received in the near future. While prepaid expenses are initially recorded as assets, their value is expensed over time as the benefit is received onto the income statement, because unlike conventional expenses, the business will receive something of value in the near future.
6. Long-term Investments: defined as investments of a long-term nature, such as investment in other enterprises, purchases of long-term bonds or investments in real estate or other related investments; sinking fund - A means of repaying funds that were borrowed through a bond issue. The issuer makes periodic payments to a trustee who retires part of the issue by purchasing the bonds in the open market.
Cash surrender value - The sum of money an insurance company will pay to the policyholder or annuity holder in the event his or her policy is voluntarily terminated before its maturity or the insured event occurs. This cash value is the savings component of most permanent life insurance policies, particularly whole life insurance policies. Also known as "cash value", "surrender value" and "policyholder's equity".
Preference share redemption fund -
7. Intangible assets
Computer software
Lease rights
8. Other noncurrent assets:
Other assets are defined as assets that do not belong to the previous five categories of assets and whose collection or liquidation extends over one year Advances to officers not currently collectible - represents a cash payment (loan) made by the employer for the business expenses that are anticipated to be incurred by the employee or officer on behalf of the employer; and the employee is obligated to prove business expenses to the employer.
Long term Refundable Deposit: defined as the cash or other assets provided to others for the purpose of guarantee.
9. Property, plant and equipment - defined as tangible assets which are provided for use in operations, not intended for sale, and used for more than one year; the account categories, valuation and required notes are as follows: 1. Land: defined as land or permanent land improvements used in operations; its valuation includes acquisition costs, land improvements of a permanent nature and increases in value from revaluation, etc. The estimated reserve provided for land value increment tax on the increase in value from revaluation shall be classified as a long-term liability. Land that is temporarily registered under the name of others, rather than that of the business entity itself, due to legal restrictions shall be disclosed in the notes and all safeguarding measures shall be specified. 2. Buildings: defined as self-owned building and structures and other accessory facilities; the valuation includes acquisition costs of the building and structures, capitalized expenditures after acquisition that extend the useful life or service potential of the asset, and increases in value from revaluation. 3. Equipment: defined as self-owned equipment or shall be valued at cost and may be classified as fixed assets or intangible assets. Leasehold improvements must be depreciated or amortized reasonably and systematically without interruption based on its durable lifespan or lease term, depending which one comes first, then they can be transferred as a compensation in a rational and systemic method or share its cost.