ADMIRALTY

Admiralty law is also called maritime law. In the United States Constitution, Admiralty Law is
covered by article III, and in this article it is stated that admiralty law is specifically governed by
federal law. Admiralty Law governs all U.S. vessels regardless of what ocean they're sailing in.
If a ship is sailing in another country's waters and flying an American flag then that ship is
governed by American admiralty law. Admiralty law not only covers oceans but bodies of water
within the United States. Since it is federally regulated no states have jurisdiction in regards to
legislation in matters of admiralty law.
All countries have maritime law and all countries are responsible for their vessels regardless of
what ocean they are sailing in and according to what flag they're flying.
Admiralty law attorneys represent cases of all matters concerning fishing regulations, oil
pollution, and cargo disputes. Admiralty attorneys advise on trade laws, legal matters concerning
environmental groups and the protection of endangered species. Admiralty attorneys also
represent cases in international trade, cargo and injury that has taken place on docks and boats.
Admiralty law observes and defends the regulation of freight and passenger liabilities, while also
determining with the limitations of certain statutes may be.
AVIATION
Aviation Laws in the United States govern aircraft operations and the maintaining of aircraft
facilities. Statutes have been created by state and federal governments to create a safer air traffic
environment. Aircraft engage in interstate and international commerce. Aviation lawyers must be
knowledgeable in the laws pertaining to states aviation laws as well as federal aviation laws.
There are commercial airlines and there are non commercial airlines. General aviation law
encompasses all non commercial aircraft.
Aviation Disaster Lawyers are an extension of the specialty of Personal Injury Law. Since
personal injury law is regulated by individual states, the federal aviation agency has put
regulations in place that can supersede those laws and allow aviation accident lawyers to help
victims and their families get the compensation they deserve.
Aviation accident lawyers hire consultants to investigate crash scenes to get accurate details of
the crash or malfunction. It has been documented that the majority of crashes occur due to pilot
error or parts malfunction. Aviation accident attorneys investigate all aspects of evidence to
determine the proper cause of malfunction
BANKRUPTCY
Bankruptcy is when an individual or a company files for relief of debt. There are specific courts
in the United States who handle bankruptcy rulings and specialty lawyers who handle these
cases.
There are different types of bankruptcy that serve the different needs of different individuals or
companies. Bankruptcy lawyers must know the ins and outs of filing and proper documentation
so that appearances in court go smoothly and there are no fines or delays applied to the person or
company applying for relief due to mistakes or unorganized filings. There are multiple choices of
filing that can confuse persons not familiar with bankruptcy filings. Bankruptcy attorneys and
business bankruptcy attorneys specialize in whether a client should file chapter 11
(reorganization), chapter 7 (straight bankruptcy), chapter 9 (reorganization for a municipality),
chapter 12 (reorganization of debts for farmers with regular annual income) or chapter 13 (debt
adjustment for individual who wishes to keep some assets) bankruptcy.
When bankruptcy attorney files on behalf of a client, whether it be an individual or, in the case of
business bankruptcy lawyer, an entity like a small business or corporation, it is called a voluntary
bankruptcy. There are many stipulations to bankruptcies, such as what bills can be discharged
and what bills need to be paid, for how long payments can be extended, and under what chapter
bankruptcy a debtor may file.
CIVIL RIGHTS
A Civil Rights attorney has the responsibility of defending the written rights guaranteed to all
citizens of the United States. These rights include freedom of speech, freedom to vote, freedom
of the press, freedom of assembly, freedom to vote, freedom from slavery, and the right to be
treated fairly in public places. These rights are to be given to all people regardless of ethnicity or
gender, age or whether or not they have previously engaged in servitude, sexual preference, or
physical and intellectual limitations.
Civil Rights Lawyers act on behalf of persons who feel their Civil Rights have been violated.
There are entire law firms dedicated to enforcing the civil rights of African Americans,
immigrants, people who have been discriminated against because of their gender or their sexual
preference, because they are handicapped in either a physical or intellectual way. The usual
recourse of such legal action is for a Civil Rights lawyer to act on behalf of a person who has
been discriminated against is to act against a certain law or action by making it illegal or to allow
a person who has been discriminated against to sue the offending party. Suing can be in the form
of monetary compensation or to sue to stop particular offenses.
The Attorney General has a Civil Rights division within his office as the overseer of regulations
having to do with Civil Rights actions, and civil rights law firms are the civilian representation of
claims of uncivil acts of discrimination. The Federal Bureau of Investigation investigates claims
of discrimination. Depending on the type of complaint filed, the appropriate division of Civil
Rights within the Attorney General's offices will be contacted and investigations will proceed
from there. Once it has been established then the appropriate department takes the proceedings
into consideration and evidence gathering, testimonials and other indications of discrimination
will be taken into account.
Civil rights departments can perform interventions if applicable. There are different statutes of
Civil Rights that encompass individual's rights ranging from voting to housing to
institutionalized persons. Civil rights attorneys are invested with the power and responsibility to
help persons in the United States achieve the freedom they receive automatically as a citizen of
the country.
CONSUMER RIGHTS ATTORNEY
The Attorney General of a particular state houses the division of Consumer protection and its
team of consumer fraud attorneys. Complaints about misleading advertising or business practices
that are unlawful can be filed and that division investigates and mediates on behalf of the
consumer. In the case of multiple persons filing a complaint of bad business practices or
fraudulent advertising, a suit may be filed with the state's superior court to stop illegal business
practices.
Some states take on individual complaints about business and some states are jus too large to do
so. In the event of multiple complaints about a business, a state's attorney general will file a suit
and investigate to change the law of the state so that the particular business in question won't be
able to function in the same way or at all. The suits filed against certain businesses sometimes
result in monetary compensation for individuals.
All Attorney General's offices provide a list of suggestions for consumer protection on their
particular state's web sites.
Consumer protection lawyers are in the business of protecting individuals and businesses from
fraudulent advertising, civil infractions such as discrimination and death and bodily harm due to
negligence on the part of businesses. They also protect workers from unfair working conditions
and also if an employee has been fired for seemingly no good reason, and also defend people
from insurance companies who withhold payments.
CORPORATE
Corporate attorneys supervise commercial transactions and structure them so that corporations
function within the boundaries of the law. To be a corporate lawyer takes knowledge of contract
law, accounting, intellectual property rights, as well as local and state and federal regulations.
Security, ankruptcy and tax law all come into play as well.
Business attorneys work with other business attorneys to broker deals wherein all parties
involved benefit from the outcome. Business lawyers are team oriented individuals who work to
structure deals that benefit their clients as well as themselves. It's work that requires excellent
communication skills as well as tenacity of work ethic. Corporate lawyers are in the business of
revising documents that contract parties to terms of transaction as well as creating articles for
corporation and operation agreements.
Corporate lawyers help form corporations, limited liability companies and partnerships.They
draft leases employment acts and warranties as well as advising on family matters and the
dissolution of corporations.
Corporate law is a highly structured process and beneficial and nontraditional in terms of
lawyering in that there is no prosecution, there is a basic equality of all persons involved and
corporate lawyers are usually well compensated for their efforts.
CRIMINAL
A criminal defense attorney is a lawyer that defends a person or persons when they are accused
of breaking the law. There are multiple types of criminal attorneys ranging from murder to
internet fraud to DWI (driving while intoxicated). Criminal defense attorneys negotiate with
prosecuting attorneys and do their best to get the kind of sentence that best benefits their client in
a rehabilitative sense to avoid more conflict upon his or her release. Criminal defense lawyers
also hire investigators to research the charges and testify on behalf of the defendant against
witnesses who may have testified in a less truthful manner.
Federal criminal defense lawyers defend suspects in federal cases in federal courts. Federal court
processes are similar to state court process except that federal situations can be more costly and
difficult to defend due to the caliber of prosecuting attorney. There are federal defense offices
with the appropriate attorneys available for persons unable to secure proper representation.
Federal defense cases are specialized cases that require experience with the federal legal system
and experience with grand juries. Persons involved with federal investigation usually get a
"target" (the person being investigated, or whom the authorities have the evidence against) letter
or a "subject" (person who had behavior around the "target" of the investigation) letter. Federal
criminal defense attorneys must be familiar with the sentencing guidelines so that they can
properly advise their clients as to what will happen to them if convicted.
DUI defense attorney works in a specialty area of law. Drunk driving defense lawyers require
specialized knowledge of scientific data concerning the influence of alcohol on a person,
anatomy and biochemistry as well as knowledge of evidence procedures, search and seizure,
legal counsel requirements, and interrogation procedures. The procedures and operation of
testing equipment such as breathalyzers and hospital equipment are also necessary.
Sexual abuse criminal defense attorneys defend men and women who are arrested on suspicions
and evidence of sexual misconduct with children or adults. These sexual assault defense
attorneys have their work cut out for them in that sexual charges are difficult to fight in court. It
is believed that when a charge of sexual misconduct is heard most people convict without
hearing all the evidence. Defense attorneys of sexual predators take an aggressive stance in the
courtroom to make the charges brought about by the prosecutors look blown out of proportion or
unfounded. Some defense attorneys are reluctant to take on clients with sexual charges against
them as they fear it may diminish their reputation. Defense attorneys of persons charged with
sexual harassment, sexual assault or sexual misconduct with a child find it difficult to get good
legal representation in some cases and so therefore there are sexual assault criminal defense
attorneys who make it a mission to help people who otherwise might be discriminated against in
a court of law.
EDUCATION
Education is a government provision conducted through public schooling. Education lawyers
deal with any facility with the responsibility of educating children. Education attorneys deal with
and enforce the rules of who is able to get an education and in what environment are they
allowed access to it, who is allowed in public schools, who is responsible for children with
disabilities, what power does the school district have, what rights do school teachers have, is
home schooling a child legal, and multiple other situations that come up on the subject of
education.
Families with children who have disabilities at times need help with representation in getting
their child the education he or she deserves in a safe and secure environment. Some education
lawyers have been teachers themselves and understand the importance of an educational
environment for everyone.
Some education attorneys provide services to educational institutions in the form of legal advice
for education plans, enforcement of rules pertaining to drugs and tobacco, and guidelines for
implementing new policies for the betterment of school systems. These attorneys also go to court
to uphold policies that are being fought against by parents and their children.
ELDER LAW
Elder law attorneys are specialized attorneys who take special interest in laws that affect older
people and their families. Medications and pharmaceutical companies, nursing homes and
hospitals, long term health care plans and the need to keep fees at manageable rates are some of
the topics that elder law lawyers research and litigate over.
Elder care lawyers help families and older persons plan for their future. They have plans for
payment of nursing home fees and medication fees. Elder law also helps individuals and families
create living wills and family estates.
Limited power guardians are persons that, under elder law statutes, can help an older person run
their household, or do whatever a court sees fit. If a person is unable to pay their bills but is still
able to make rational decisions then limited guardianship would encompass bill paying at no
more than that. The guardianship is meant to supplement what the older person can do and to
keep them safe while still keeping their freedoms in tact.
EMPLOYMENT
Employment attorneys practice law specializing in protecting people in their workplace. Any
kind of discrimination affecting employees, labor standards, slander, defamation or family and
medical leave rights are taken into consideration by an employment lawyer.
Employment law covers a large scope of statutes including, but not limited to, tax representation,
immigration law, labor relations, family law, and an employees right to go to court to be heard.
Employment attorneys defend persons in cases of sexual harassment, family leave, un-warranted
dismissal, independent contractors, and infractions of union and non union related happenings.
ENTERTAINMENT
Entertainment attorneys use multiple areas of legal practice to advise and represent their clients.
The different types of employment make knowledge of diverse legal practices necessary for the
good entertainment lawyer.
Knowledge of securities, employment, immigration, insurance and intellectual property laws are
all an essential part of being an entertainment attorney. At times these attorneys have to go to
court to litigate on behalf of their client so a knowledge of multiple levels of representation from
copyright to royalties are in oder.
Entertainment law can be divided into different categories for representation. Television, radio,
fine arts, theatre, print and advertising, trademark and personality rights, and defamation are
covered by entertainment attorneys.
A sports entertainment attorney deals with trademark, endorsement and licensing issues on
behalf of their client. Professional athletes are compensated for their talents and therefore have
rights to how their image is used.
Music entertainment attorneys deal with the drafting of contracts, investigating the legitimacy of
offers related to performances, as well as copyright laws. Entertainment attorneys are also
mediators for bands and managers.
FAMILY
Family law attorneys deal specifically with laws having to do with family matters. There are
multiple facets to each instance of representation required and knowledge of individuals and
their family histories are necessary. Family law lawyers must interview each family member
involved, or mediate for families so agreements can be made in an amiable or restructuring way.
The most common family law attorneys are the divorce lawyers, but other aspects of family law
are represented as well. Child support claims and those stipulations, custody and who gets
custody, visitation and length of visitation. Adoption proceedings, who can adopt, the rights of
fathers, mothers, and the different statutes of each state, paternity and how it is determined,
domestic abuse charges, who was abused, spousal abuse, child abuse, sexual abuse and the
court's rulings, annulments of marriages and what are considered voidable marriages, are all
represented by the family law attorney. How these cases are decided by the courts and for what
reasons are determined by the knowledge and representation of the family law attorney.
GENERAL PRACTICE
General Practice typically encompasses a broad range of areas. General practice attorneys are
considered full service lawyers and are qualified to handle cases having to do with personal
injury, business dealings and mediation, family and estate planning, and litigation representation.
Ideally, general practice lawyers have a broad range of knowledge through education and
experience in the legal field. General practitioners in law usually have a few preferred areas of
interest, for example, tax law, tort law and family law, or personal injury law, real estate law and
entertainment law, but also keep a broad range of clients in different areas of representation.
General practice attorneys must keep up with the statutes and regulations of the states they're
licensed in and update their practices with the knowledge they use through furthering their
education.