Porosity -permeability correlation

(data from Darling, 2005)

Core data:
Core description

Porosity and permeability

from Conventional Core Analysis

Depth in m

Lithology

Depth in m

plug porosity

kh in md

616.0 ... 622.5

shale

622.5 ... 625.0

625.0 ... 626.5
626.5 ... 637.5

sandstone
limestone
sandstone

0.020
0.020
0.111

0.01
0.02
22

637.5 ... 639.0

639.0 ... 652.0

shale
sandstone

620
622
624
626
628
630
632
634
636
638
640
642

0.095
0.156
0.150
0.075
0.105
0.060
0.179
0.156

10.5
135.6
120
11
15.3
0.8
350
130

plug porosity

0.010

Plot permeability versus porosity:

1000

kh in md

100

10
sandstone
limestone

y = 553577.73x4.50
R = 0.98

0.1

0.01
0.010

0.100
phi

1.000

kh in md

0.03

note: the data point for limestone is eliminated for regression

Derived regression:

k h 5.54 10 5 4.5
where permeability is in md and porosity as fraction

sandstone
limestone

Capillary Pressure Curves

(data from Darling, 2005)
Core data (SCAL):

System:
Air-Brine
Sample
1
porosity phi
0.131
permeability k in md 67

Pressure Pc
in psi
3
10
25
50
125
200

System:
Air-Brine
Sample
4
porosity phi
0.179
permeability k in md278

Pressure Pc
in psi
3
10
25
50
125
200

Sw
0.861
0.617
0.388
0.290
0.239
0.216

0.730
0.430
0.282
0.214
0.176
0.144

a) Capillary Pressure Curve

(laboratory data air-brine) in psi
200

Pc in psi .

150
100
50
0
0.0

0.5

Sw

above free water level in m .

c) Water saturation from Capillary Pressure

Curve versus elevation above FWL in m
200.00
150.00

above free water level in m .

150.00

100.00
50.00
0.00
0.0

0.5

Sw

Conversion from air-brine (laboratory) to kerosene-brine (reservoir)

Depth of FWL (m) = 646
Parameter:
s cos Q
System
Air/Brine
72
Kerosene/Brine
26
Capillary pressure in kPa
air-brine
20.68
68.94
172.35
344.70
861.75
1378.80

elevation

depth

above
kerosene/brine FWL in m
7.47
4.39
24.90
14.64
62.24
36.61
124.48
73.22
311.19
183.05
497.90
292.88

in m
641.61
631.36
609.39
572.78
462.95
353.12

Capillary pressure in kPa

air-brine
20.68
68.94
172.35
344.70
861.75
1378.80

apillary Pressure Curve

brine) in psi

elevation
above
kerosene/brine FWL in m
7.47
4.39
24.90
14.64
62.24
36.61
124.48
73.22
311.19
183.05
497.90
292.88

depth
in m
641.61
631.36
609.39
572.78
462.95
353.12

b) Capillary Pressure Curve

(converted to kerosene-brine) in kPa

1.000

Sw - Sw,irr

500.00
400.00

Pc in kPa .

1
4

300.00

200.00
0.100

100.00
0.00
0.0

1.0

0.5

1.0

Sw

d) Water saturation from Capillary Pressure

Curve versus depth in m

n from Capillary Pressure

evation above FWL in m

350.00
400.00
depthl in m .

400.00
depthl in m .

1
4

450.00

500.00
550.00
600.00

1.0

650.00
0.0

0.5
Sw

1.0

Analyse using Leverett function

J ( Sw ) Pc ( Sw )

Analyse using Thomeer's equation

s cos Q

Vb , Pc
Vb , P

Sw,irr = 0.05
J-function calculated
Sw-Sw,irr
0.811
0.567
0.338
0.240
0.189
0.166

G
P
log c
Pd

Input parameters

from laboratory data (in kPa)

air-brine
kerosine-brine
0.94
6.50
3.14
21.65
7.85
54.14
15.71
108.27
39.26
270.68
62.82
433.08

(iterative approximation)
sample 1
G
-1.5
p d in psi
1

Vb ,

1.64
5.47
13.68
27.37
68.42
109.47

Vb , p c

1.5
log p c

0.08

Vb , p c
0.08

1.5
log p c

6.50
21.65
54.14
108.27
270.68
433.08
b) Thomeer (air-brine system)

a) J-function
300

1.000

Pc in psi

y = 0.826x-0.440
R = 0.973

0.100
1.00

sample 4
-1.5
1

0.12

0.12

0.680
0.380
0.232
0.164
0.126
0.094

250

Lab-data sample 1

200

Lab-data sample 4

150
100

10.00

100.00
50

J-function

S w S w , irr 0 . 826 J

0 . 44

0
0.00

0.50
Sw

Variable

Pc

Vb , p c
0.08

1.5
log p c

1.00

5
10
15
20
25
25
30
40
50
70
100
150
200
250
300

Sample 1

Sample 2

V b,Pc

V b,Pc
1.026
0.538
0.430
0.380
0.351
0.351
0.331
0.306
0.290
0.271
0.254
0.239
0.230
0.224
0.220

0.684
0.359
0.286
0.253
0.234
0.234
0.221
0.204
0.193
0.180
0.169
0.159
0.154
0.150
0.147

Archie parameter
Part 1: Formation factor (F) vs. Porosity (phi)
Scal analyses data
For regression with two parameters (a and m ) the first table (SCAL data) is used and plotted in plot a)
For regression with one parameters (m ) the second table (logarithms of data) is used and plotted in plot b)
porosity
0.10
0.15
0.17
0.08
0.14
0.13

F
89.3
44.0
33.4
133.4
43.3
58.2

log por
-1.000
-0.824
-0.770
-1.097
-0.854
-0.886

log F
1.951
1.643
1.524
2.125
1.636
1.765

a)
1000.0

2.00

1.28x-1.84

y=
R = 0.99

1.80

log (F)

100.0
1.60
1.40

10.0
1.20
1.0
0.01

0.10
phi

1.00

1.00
-1.00

Part 2: Resistivity index (IR) vs.water saturation (Sw)

L data) is used and plotted in plot a)

ms of data) is used and plotted in plot b)

Plug 1 Scal analyses data

phi = 0.17
Sw
I=Rt/Ro
1
1.000
0.8
1.612
0.6
2.956
0.4
8.056
0.35
10.150
0.3
12.890
0.28
16.200

b)
1000.0

y = -1.958x
R = 0.985

IR

100.0

10.0

-1.00

-0.90

-0.80

-0.70

-0.60

-0.50

1.0
0.1

log (phi)

Result: For Log Analysis is used:

a=
m=
n=

dex (IR) vs.water saturation (Sw)

y = 1.00x-2.19
R = 1.00

Sw

For Log Analysis is used:

1.00
1.96
2.19

phi
0.02
0.1
1

F
2121.20806
90.782053
1