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PROBLEM 3.

94
A 25-lb force acting in a vertical plane parallel to the yz plane is applied
to the 8-in.-long horizontal handle AB of a socket wrench. Replace the
force with an equivalent force-couple system at the origin O of the
coordinate system.

SOLUTION



Have
:
B
= F P F
where
( ) ( ) 25 lb sin20 cos20
B
= +

P j k
( ) ( ) 8.5505 lb 23.492 lb = + j k
( ) ( ) or 8.55 lb 23.5 lb = + F j k
Have
/
:
O B O B O
= M r P M
where
( ) ( ) ( )
/
8cos30 15 8sin30 in.
B O
= +

r i j k
( ) ( ) ( ) 6.9282 in. 15 in. 4 in. = + i j k
6.9282 15 4 lb in.
0 8.5505 23.492
O
=

i j k
M
( ) ( ) ( ) 318.18 162.757 59.240 lb in.
O
=

M i j k
( ) ( ) ( ) or 318 lb in. 162.8 lb in. 59.2 lb in.
O
= M i j k





PROBLEM 3.95
A 315-N force F and 70-N m couple M are applied to corner A of the
block shown. Replace the given force-couple system with an equivalent
force-couple system at corner D.

SOLUTION




Have
:
D
= F F F

AI
F =

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
0.360 m 0.120 m 0.180 m
315 N
0.420 m
+
=
i j k

( )( ) 750 N 0.360 0.120 0.180 = + i j k
( ) ( ) ( ) or 270 N 90.0 N 135.0 N
D
= + F i j k
Have
/
:
D I D D
+ = M M r F M
where

AC
M = M

( ) ( )
( )
0.240 m 0.180 m
70.0 N m
0.300 m

=
i k

( )( ) 70.0 N m 0.800 0.600 = i k
( )
/
0.360 m
I D
= r k
( )( ) ( ) 70.0 N m 0.8 0.6 0 0 0.36 750 N m
0.36 0.12 0.18
D
= +

i j k
M i k
( ) ( ) 56.0 N m 42.0 N m = i k ( ) ( ) 32.4 N m 97.2 N m + +

i j
( ) ( ) ( ) or 88.4 N m 97.2 N m 42.0 N m
D
= + M i j k





PROBLEM 3.96
The handpiece of a miniature industrial grinder weighs 2.4 N, and its
center of gravity is located on the y axis. The head of the handpiece is
offset in the xz plane in such a way that line BC forms an angle of 25
with the x direction. Show that the weight of the handpiece and the two
couples
1
M and
2
M can be replaced with a single equivalent force.
Further assuming that
1
0.068 N m M = and
2
0.065 N m, M =
determine (a) the magnitude and the direction of the equivalent force,
(b) the point where its line of action intersects the xz plane.

SOLUTION




First assume that the given force W and couples
1
M and
2
M act at the
origin.
Now W =
j
W
and ( ) ( )
1 2 2 1 2
cos 25 sin 25 M M M = + = + M M M i k
Note that since W and M are perpendicular, it follows that they can be
replaced with a single equivalent force.
(a) Have ( ) or 2.4 N F W = = =
j
W F j
( ) or 2.40 N = F j
(b) Assume that the line of action of F passes through point P (x, 0, z).
Then for equivalence
/ P O
= M r F
where
/ P O
x z = + r i k
( ) ( )
2 1 2
cos25 sin25 M M M + i k
( ) ( ) 0
0 0
x z Wz Wx
W
= =

i j k
i k




PROBLEM 3.96 CONTINUED
Equating the i and k coefficients,
1 2
cos25 sin25
and
z
M M M
z x
W W

= =



(b) For
1 2
2.4 N, 0.068 N m, 0.065 N m W M M = = =
0.068 0.065sin25
0.0168874 m
2.4
x

= =


or 16.89 mm x =
0.065cos25
0.024546 m
2.4
z

= =
or 24.5 mm z =





PROBLEM 3.97
A 20-lb force
1
F and a 40- lb ft couple
1
M are applied to corner E of the
bent plate shown. If
1
F and
1
M are to be replaced with an equivalent
force-couple system ( )
2 2
, F M at corner B and if ( )
2
0,
z
M = determine
(a) the distance d, (b)
2
F and
2
. M

SOLUTION

(a) Have
2
: 0
Bz z
M M =

( )
/ 1 1
0
H B z
M + = k r F (1)
where ( ) ( )
/
31 in. 2 in.
H B
= r i j
1 1 EH
F = F

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
6 in. 6 in. 7 in.
20 lb
11.0 in.
+
=
i j k

( )
20 lb
6 6 7
11.0
= + i j k
1 1 z
M = k M

1 1 EJ
M = M

( ) ( )
( )
2
3 in. 7 in.
480 lb in.
58 in.
d
d
+
=
+
i j k

Then from Equation (1),
( )( )
2
0 0 1
7 480 lb in. 20 lb in.
31 2 0 0
11.0
58
6 6 7
d

+ =
+



PROBLEM 3.97 CONTINUED
Solving for d, Equation (1) reduces to
( )
2
20 lb in. 3360 lb in.
186 12 0
11.0
58 d

+ =
+

From which 5.3955 in. d =
or 5.40 in. d =
(b) ( )
2 1
20 lb
6 6 7
11.0
= = + F F i j k
( ) 10.9091 10.9091 12.7273 lb = + i j k
( ) ( ) ( )
2
or 10.91 lb 10.91 lb 12.73 lb = + F i j k

2 / 1 1 H B
= + M r F M

( )
( )
5.3955 3 7 20 lb in.
31 2 0 480 lb in.
11.0 9.3333
6 6 7
+
= +

i j k
i j k

( ) 25.455 394.55 360 lb in. = + + i j k
( ) 277.48 154.285 360 lb in. + + i j k
( ) ( )
2
252.03 lb in. 548.84 lb in. = + M i j
( ) ( )
2
or 21.0 lb ft 45.7 lb ft = + M i j





PROBLEM 3.98
A 4-ft-long beam is subjected to a variety of loadings. (a) Replace each
loading with an equivalent force-couple system at end A of the beam.
(b) Which of the loadings are equivalent?

SOLUTION
(a)



(a) Have : 200 lb 100 lb
y a
F R =
or 300 lb
a
= R


and ( )( ) : 900 lb ft 100 lb 4 ft
A a
M M =
or 500 lb ft
a
= M


(b) Have : 300 lb
y b
F R =
or 300 lb
b
= R


and : 450 lb ft
A b
M M =
or 450 lb ft
b
= M


(c) Have : 150 lb 450 lb
y c
F R =
or 300 lb
c
= R


and ( )( ) : 2250 lb ft 450 lb 4 ft
A c
M M =
or 450 lb ft
c
= M


(d) Have : 200 lb 400 lb
y d
F R + =
or 200 lb
d
= R


and ( )( ) : 400 lb 4 ft 1150 lb ft
A d
M M =
or 450 lb ft
d
= M


(e) Have : 200 lb 100 lb
y e
F R =
or 300 lb
e
= R


and ( )( ) : 100 lb ft 200 lb ft 100 lb 4 ft
A e
M M + =
or 100 lb ft
e
= M








(b)
PROBLEM 3.98 CONTINUED
(f) Have : 400 lb 100 lb
y f
F R + =
or 300 lb
f
= R


and ( )( ) : 150 lb ft 150 lb ft 100 lb 4 ft
A f
M M + + =
or 400 lb ft
f
= M


(g) Have : 100 lb 400 lb
y g
F R =
or 500 lb
g
= R


and ( )( ) : 100 lb ft 2000 lb ft 400 lb 4 ft
A g
M M + =
or 500 lb ft
g
= M


(h) Have : 150 lb 150 lb
y h
F R =
or 300 lb
h
= R


and ( )( ) : 1200 lb ft 150 lb ft 150 lb 4 ft
A h
M M =
or 450 lb ft
h
= M


Therefore, loadings (c) and (h) are equivalent






PROBLEM 3.99
A 4-ft-long beam is loaded as shown. Determine the loading of Problem
3.98 which is equivalent to this loading.

SOLUTION



Have : 100 lb 200 lb
y
R = F
or 300 lb = R


and ( )( ) : 200 lb ft 1400 lb ft 200 lb 4 ft
A
M M + =
or 400 lb ft = M


Equivalent to case (f) of Problem 3.98
Problem 3.98 Equivalent force-couples at A
case
R M
( ) a 300 lb 500 lb ft
( ) b 300 lb 450 lb ft
( ) c 300 lb 450 lb ft
( ) d 200 lb 450 lb ft
( ) e 300 lb 100 lb ft
( ) f 300 lb 400 lb ft

( ) g 500 lb 500 lb ft
( ) h 300 lb 450 lb ft






PROBLEM 3.100
Determine the single equivalent force and the distance from point A to its
line of action for the beam and loading of (a) Problem 3.98b,
(b) Problem 3.98d, (c) Problem 3.98e.
Problem 3.98: A 4-ft-long beam is subjected to a variety of loadings.
(a) Replace each loading with an equivalent force-couple system at end A
of the beam. (b) Which of the loadings are equivalent?

SOLUTION
(a)

(b)

(c)


For equivalent single force at distance d from A
Have : 300 lb
y
F R =
or 300 lb = R


and ( )( ) : 300 lb 450 lb ft 0
C
M d =
or 1.500 ft d =
Have : 200 lb 400 lb
y
F R + =
or 200 lb = R


and ( )( ) ( )( ) : 200 lb 400 lb 4 1150 lb ft 0
C
M d d + =
or 2.25 ft d =
Have : 200 lb 100 lb
y
F R =
or 300 lb = R


and ( )( ) ( )( ) : 100 lb ft 200 lb 100 lb 4 200 lb ft 0
C
M d d + + =
or 0.333 ft d =

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