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Air Pollution Control
1
st
semester 2012-2013
Engr. Caryl A. Silang
Air Treatment Methodologies
1. Settling Chamber- device where particulate
removal is by gravity. Recommended for
particulate sizes in the range of 50 microns
and higher
2. Cyclone Collector- dirty gas is fed into the
device, particulate removal is by centrifugal
impaction on the cyclone wall from when it
falls to the bottom. Recommended for
particulates of 20 to 45 microns in size.
3. Scrubber uses water to effect particulate
separation from the gas stream. It may also use
a counter-current flow gas in a spray tower.
Recommended for particulates of 5 to 20
microns and must have a high affinity for
water.
4. Filter separates the particulates from the main
stream ny direct interception. Filter medium is
cloth ( canvass or silicon-coated cloth): 1 to 10
microns or acetate membrane filters- 0.1 micron

5. Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP), most
efficient method. Recommended for all sizes of
particulates especially as it enters the device.
The gas stream passes between charged plates
which electrically attract the particulates.
Air Pollution Control
Gaseous
Particulates
Gaseous Pollutants
Absorption
Adsorption
Combustion
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Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD)
Non-regenerative: non-recovery and reuse
of chemical reagents
Regenerative: recovery and reuse of
chemical reagents
Non-regenerative systems
Chemicals: lime, limestone, caustic soda,
soda ash, ammonia
SO
2
+ CaCO
3
---> CaSO
3
+ CO
2

SO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
---> CaSO
3
+ H
2
O
CaSO
3
+ 1/2 O
2
---> CaSO
4
Types
Wet
Dry
Wet Type
Venturi
Static packed
Moving bed
Tray tower
Spray towers

Vertical Venturi Scrubber

Packed Bed Scrubber

Dry Scrubber System
http://www.fkinc.com/dirctspraydry.htm#top
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Control Technologies for Nitrogen
Oxides
Preventive
minimizing operating
temperature
fuel switching
low excess air
flue gas recirculation
lean combustion
staged combustion
low Nox burners
secondary combustion
water/steam injection

Post combustion
selective catalytic reduction
selective non-catalytic
reduction
non-selective catalytic
reduction

Particulate Pollutants
Cyclone
Filter
Liquid scrubbing
Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant


http://www.fkinc.com/cyclones.htm
Air Filtration
Case A: Pore blocking
Case B: Pore plugging
Case C1: Pore narrowing
Case C2: Pore narrowing w/lost pore
Case D: Pore bridging
Air Filtration
Impaction
Diffusion
Straining (Interception)
Electrostatics


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Air Filter
High removal
efficiency for
< 5 mm
particles
Scrubber
Venturi
ESP ESP
http://www.powerspancorp.com/news/precipitator.shtml
http://www.ppcbio.com/ppcdespwhatis.htm
The Clean Air Act outlines the governments
measures to reduce air pollution and
incorporate environmental protection into its
developement plans. It relies heavily on the
polluter pays principle and other market-based
instruments to promote self-regulation among
the population. It sets emission standards for
all motor vehicles and issues registration only
upon demonstration of compliance.
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It also issues pollutant limitations for industry.
Polluting vehicles and industrial processes must
pay a charge. Any individual, enterprise,
corporation or groups that installed pollution
control devices or retrofitted its existing
facilities to comply with the emissions standards
in the Act can apply for tax incentives of
accelerated depreciation, deductibility of R&D
expenditures or tax credits on the VAT of the
equipment and are exempt from real property
tax on the machinery or equipment used to
comply.
It also establishes a R&D program for air
pollution reduction mechanisms and
technologies. It bans incineration and
smoking in public places. At the local
and municipal levels, governments are
allowed to set emission quotas by
pollution source, and the development of
recycling programs is encouraged.