6581807

IEEE Standard Performance
Requirements for Communications and

Control Cables for Application in High-
Voltage Environments

Sponsored by the
Power System Communications Committee

IEEE
3 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5997
USA

IEEE Power and Energy Society
IEEE Std 789-2013

Authorized licensed use limited to: MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. Downloaded on July 23,2014 at 05:43:15 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
IEEE Std 789-2013
Sponsor

Power System Communications Committee
of the
IEEE Power and Energy Society

Approved 14 June 2013

IEEE-SA Standards Board


Abstract: Information to assist in determining the electrical parameters of communication and
control cables necessary to improve the overall reliability of these cables when used in high-
voltage environments is the objective of this standard. There should be a very high probability
(greater than 99%) that these cables will perform their intended function for specified periods of
time in high-voltage interference conditions. The end result being more reliable communications
over said cables. The information presented in this standard will apply equally to either new or
existing [already installed] cables.
Keywords: communication cables, design requirements, electrical parameters, ground potential
rise, high-voltage engineering, IEEE 789, testing requirements, wires

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA

Copyright 2013 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
All rights reserved. Published 13 August 2013. Printed in the United States of America.

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PDF: ISBN 978-0-7381-8486-9 STD98275
Print: ISBN 978-0-7381-8487-6 STDPD98275

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iv
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vi
Participants
At the time this IEEE standard was completed, the Wire-Line Working Group had the following
membership:
Percy E. Pool, Co-Chair and Technical Editor
Larry S. Young, Co-Chair and Secretary

Steve Blume
Joe Boyles
Timothy Conser
Bhimesh Dahal
Jean de Seve
Ernest Duckworth
Mark Easter
John Fuller
Ernest Gallo
Richard Geisler
Gary Gilbert
Dan Jendek,
Richard Knight

Tapan Manna
Randall Mears
Kim Nuckles
Jordan Schmick
Mark Tirio
Thomas Vo
John Wruble

The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have
voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention.
William Ackerman
Saleman Alibhay
David Bassett
Steven Blume
Kenneth Bow
Joe Boyles
Chris Brooks
Gustavo Brunello
William Byrd
Timothy Conser
Gary Donner
Randall Dotson
Ernest Duckworth
John Fuller
Frank Gerleve
Jalal Gohari
Randall Groves
Ajit Gwal
David Hartmann
Lee Herron
Werner Hoelzl
Joseph Jancauskas
Gael Kennedy
Tanuj Khandelwal
Yuri Khersonsky
James Kinney
Richard Knight
Jim Kulchisky
Saumen Kundu
Chung-Yiu Lam
Michael Lauxman
Lawrenc Long
Russell Lowe
Ahmad Mahinfallah
Arturo Maldonado
Tapan Manna
Michael Maytum
William Mccoy
Joseph Mears
James Michalec
Venkatesh Minisandram
Jerry Murphy
Michael S. Newman
Joe Nims
Gary Nissen
Lorraine Padden
Christopher Petrola
Percy E. Pool
Moises Ramos
Michael Roberts
Charles Rogers
Bartien Sayogo
Nagu Srinivas
Gary Stoedter
William Taylor
Peter Tirinzoni
Mark Tirio
Eric Udren
John Vergis
Ilia Voloh
Yingli Wen
Kenneth White
Larry S. Young


vii
When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 14 June 2013, it had the following
membership:
John Kulick, Chair
David J. Law, Vice-chair
Richard H. Hulett, Past Chair
Konstantinos Karachalios, Secretary
Masayuki Ariyoshi
Peter Balma
Farooq Bari
Ted Burse
Wael William Diab
Stephen Dukes
Jean-Phillippe Faure
Alexander Gelman
Mark Halpin
Gary Hoffman
Paul Houz
Jim Hughes
Michael Janezic
Joseph L. Keopfinger*
Oleg Logvinov

Ron Peterson
Gary Robinson
Jon Walter Rosdahl
Adrian Stephens
Peter Sutherland
Yatin Trivedi
Phil Winston
Yu Yuan
*Member Emeritus

Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:
Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative
Michael Janezic, NIST Representative

Michelle Turner
IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development

Erin Spiewak
IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development


viii
Introduction
This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 789-2013, IEEE Standard Performance Requirements for Communications
and Control Cables for Application in High-Voltage Environments.
Wire-line communications and control cables either entering electric supply locations or passing through
their zone of influence (ZOI) are subjected to extraneous voltages that include the longitudinally induced
voltage as well as the Ground Potential Rise (GPR) voltage.
Environmental hazards at electric supply locations include, among others, electrical interference and
electromagnetic radiation. See CIGRE TB-124 [B4]
a
. In these high-voltage environments, the insulation
withstand capability of ordinary outside type telephone cables may be insufficient to provide full effective
electrical protection. For more background information on these subjects the reader should refer to IEEE
Std 487, particularly the Clause which deals with these dedicated cables. The problems of less than
adequate dielectric withstand become more acute when critical non-interruptible channels are involved and
if GPR levels exceed 300 V.
This standard defines the performance requirements for communications and control cables suitable for
these classes of service.
IEEE Std 789-1988 was reaffirmed in 1994 however it was withdrawn as a standard in 1999. Although the
Standard has been withdrawn from active status it is still available for purchase.
At the present time there are three IEEE Standards that deal with Cabling Design, two dealing with Cable
Installation and one dealing with both Design and Installation. These are, in numerical order, IEEE
Std 422 [B12], IEEE Std 525, IEEE Std 628, IEEE Std 690, IEEE Std 1185, and IEEE
Std1428 [B17]. See Annex A, Bibliography for more information.
The Wire-Line Subcommittee believes it is important to bring this standard back to the active status and to
bring it up to date because it contains information that may be useful for the deployment of Smart Grid
devices.
This standard was prepared by the Wire-Line Subcommittee of the IEEE Power Systems Communications
Committee of the IEEE Power and Energy Society.

a
The numbers in brackets refer to those of the references listed in Annex A.

ix
Contents
1. Overview .................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................ 2
1.3 General ................................................................................................................................................ 2
2. Normative references .................................................................................................................................. 2
3. Definitions .................................................................................................................................................. 4
3.1 Acronyms and abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 6
4. General information .................................................................................................................................... 7
4.1 Electric supply location environment .................................................................................................. 7
5. Basic requirements ..................................................................................................................................... 8
5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 8
5.2 Basic requirements .............................................................................................................................. 9
5.3 Ethernet cable requirements ................................................................................................................ 9
5.4 Typical cable jacket requirements within an electric supply location ................................................. 9
5.5 Information to be supplied by user ...................................................................................................... 9
5.6 Ambient environmental conditions .....................................................................................................10
6. Environmental considerations ...................................................................................................................10
6.1 General ...............................................................................................................................................10
6.2 Temperature ........................................................................................................................................10
6.3 Humidity .............................................................................................................................................11
6.4 Mechanical shock ...............................................................................................................................11
6.5 Altitude ...............................................................................................................................................11
6.6 Ultraviolet ...........................................................................................................................................11
6.7 Chemical environment ........................................................................................................................11
6.8 Fungus ................................................................................................................................................11
6.9 Insects or rodents ................................................................................................................................11
6.10 Lightning ..........................................................................................................................................11
7. Electrical requirements ..............................................................................................................................12
7.1 Electrical environment conditions ......................................................................................................12
8. Installation practices ..................................................................................................................................12
8.1 General types of cable plant ...............................................................................................................12
8.2 Interference mitigations ......................................................................................................................14
9. Cable design requirements.........................................................................................................................16
9.1 General ...............................................................................................................................................16
9.2 Conductors ..........................................................................................................................................16
9.3 Insulation of conductors .....................................................................................................................16
9.4 Color scheme of conductors ...............................................................................................................16
9.5 Forming of pairs .................................................................................................................................17
9.6 Assembly ............................................................................................................................................17
9.7 Core wrap ...........................................................................................................................................17
9.8 Insulating jacket ..................................................................................................................................17
9.9 Routine tests on all cables ...................................................................................................................17
9.10 Dielectric strength of cables .............................................................................................................17

x
9.11 Tests on sample pairs ........................................................................................................................18
9.12 Physical requirements .......................................................................................................................22
9.13 Certified test report ...........................................................................................................................22
9.14 Ordering cable ..................................................................................................................................23
9.15 Shipping ............................................................................................................................................23
10. Testing and test methods .........................................................................................................................24
10.1 General .............................................................................................................................................24
10.2 Design tests .......................................................................................................................................24
10.3 Routine production tests ...................................................................................................................25
10.4 Physical tests.....................................................................................................................................25
10.5 Electrical tests ...................................................................................................................................28
Annex A (informative) Bibliography ............................................................................................................31
Annex B (informative) Insulation and jacketing PE compounds for conductors ..........................................33
Annex C (informative) Attenuation information ...........................................................................................34
Annex D (informative) Capacitance unbalance and characteristic impedance information ..........................36
D.1 Capacitance unbalance .......................................................................................................................36
D.2 Characteristic impedance equation .................................................................................................36


1
IMPORTANT NOTICE: IEEE Standards documents are not intended to ensure safety, health, or
environmental protection, or ensure against interference with or from other devices or networks.
Implementers of IEEE Standards documents are responsible for determining and complying with all
appropriate safety, security, environmental, health, and interference protection practices and all
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This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers.
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be found under the heading Important Notice or Important Notices and Disclaimers
Concerning IEEE Documents. They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at
http://standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html.
1. Overview
1.1 Scope
This standard applies to wires and cables, used principally for power system communications and control
purposes, which are located within electric supply locations or are installed within the zone of influence
(ZOI) of the power station ground potential rise (GPR), or which may be buried adjacent to electric power
transmission and distribution lines.
This standard covers the appropriate design requirements, electrical and mechanical parameters, the testing
requirements, and the handling procedures for cables that are to be installed and operated in high-voltage
environments where they may be subjected to high voltages either by conduction, or induction coupling, or
both.
Coaxial and fiber optic cables, except for those used in Ethernet applications, are specifically excluded
from this standard.

IEEE Std 789-2013
IEEE Standard Performance Requirements for Communications and Control Cables for Application in High-Voltage
Environments

2
1.2 Purpose
The objective of this standard is to provide information to assist in determining the electrical parameters of
communication and control cables necessary to ensure the overall reliability of these cables when used in
high-voltage environments. There should be a very high probability that these cables will perform their
intended function for specified periods of time under high-voltage interference conditions. The end result
being more reliable communications over said cables. The information presented in this Standard shall
apply equally to either new or existing (already installed) cables.
1.3 General
Wire line communications and control cables either entering high-voltage environments or passing through
their zone of influence (ZOI) are subjected to extraneous voltages that include the longitudinally induced
voltage as well as the ground potential rise (GPR) voltage.
In these high-voltage environments, the interfering voltages are frequently higher than the insulation
withstand capability of communications and control cables often used for such purposes.
2. Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must
be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is
explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.
Accredited Standards Committee C2, National Electrical Safety Code (NESC).
1, 2
ASTM D257-07, Test Method for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials.
3

ASTM D1248, Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion Materials for Wire and Cable.
ASTM G21-09 Standard Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Polymeric Materials to Fungi.
EIA 359-A, EIA Standard Colors for Color Identification and Coding.
4

ICEA S-73-532 Standard for Control, Thermocouple Extension, and Instrumentation Cables.
5

ICEA S-84-608 Standard for Telecommunications Cable Filled, Polyolefin Insulated, Copper Conductor.
ICEA S-85-625 Standard for Telecommunications Cable Aircore, Polyolefin Insulated, Copper Conductor.
IEEE Std 80, IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding.
6, 7

IEEE Std 82, IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Impulse Voltage Tests on Insulated Conductors.

1
National Electrical Safety Code and NESC are both registered trademarks and service marks of The Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers, Inc.
2
The NESC is available from The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers at http://standards.ieee.org/.
3
ASTM publications are available from the American Society for Testing and Materials (http://www.astm.org/).
4
EIA publications are available from Global Engineering Documents (http://global.ihs.com/).
5
ICEA publications are available from the Insulated Cable Engineers Association (http://www.icea.net/).
6
The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
7
IEEE publications are available from The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (http://standards.ieee.org/).
IEEE Std 789-2013
Environments

3
IEEE Std 455, IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Measuring Longitudinal Balance of Telephone
Equipment Operating in the Voice Band.
IEEE Std 487, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Protection of Wire-Line Communications Facilities
Serving Electric Supply Locations.
8

IEEE Std 525 IEEE Guide for the Design and Installation of Cable Systems in Substations.
IEEE Std 532, IEEE Guide for Selecting and Testing Jackets for Power, Instrumentation, and Control
Cables.
IEEE Std 628, IEEE Standard Criteria for the Design, Installation and Qualification of Raceway Systems
for Class 1E Circuits for Nuclear Power Generating Stations.
IEEE Std 690, IEEE Standard for the Design and Installation of Cable Systems for Class 1E Circuits in
Nuclear Power Generating Stations.
IEEE Std 1185, IEEE Recommended Practice for Cable Installation in Generating Stations and Industrial
Facilities.
IEEE Std 1202, IEEE Standard for Flame-Propagation Testing of Wire and Cable.
NFPA 70, National Electrical Code (NEC).
9, 10

TIA/EIA-568-C.0, Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard. Part 0: Generic
Telecommunications Cabling for Customer Premises.
11

TIA/EIA-568-C.2, Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard. Part 2: Balanced Twisted-
Pair Cabling Components.
TIA/EIA-568-C.3, Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard. Part 3: Optical Fiber
Cabling Components Standard.
TIA/EIA-568-C.4, Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard. Part 4: Broadband
Coaxial Cabling and Components Standard.
UL 1581, Reference Standard for Electrical Wires, Cables, and Flexible Cords.
12

8
As of 10 May 2013 a Revision PAR was approved to change the title to Standard for the Electrical Protection of Communications
Facilities Serving Electric Supply LocationsGeneral Locations.
9
The NEC is published by the National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269, USA
(http://www.nfpa.org/).
10
National Electrical Code and NEC are both registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Inc.
11
TIA/EIA publications may be obtained from www.tiaonline.org/standards/buy-tia-standards.
12
UL standards are available from Global Engineering Documents (http://www.global.ihs.com/).
IEEE Std 789-2013
Environments

4
3. Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE Standards
Dictionary Online should be consulted for terms not defined in this clause.
13

aerial cable: A cable designed for installation on a pole line or similar overhead structure and intended to
resist solar radiation and precipitation. Aerial cables may be self-supporting or installed on a supporting
messenger.
attenuation: A general term used to denote a decrease in signal level or magnitude as a result of
transmission from one point to another.
buried cable (direct buried): A cable for installation under the surface of the earth in such a manner that it
cannot be removed without disturbing the soil. It is designed for direct burial in the earth to withstand
submersion in ground water, the pressure of back fill material, and in special applications, to withstand the
gnawing of burrowing rodents.
cable: An insulated conductor or combination of electric conductors that are insulated from each other. A
shield is usually provided.
cable armor: A metallic element or envelope inserted in or around a cable sheath to provide mechanical
protection against rodents, severe installation conditions or other application stresses.
cable core: The core of a cable is the cylindrical center consisting of insulated conductors usually twisted
together in pairs and pairs arranged together in groups that lie under the sheath.
cable filler: The material used in multiple-pair cables to occupy the interstices formed by the assembly of
the insulated conductors, and to form a cable core of the desired shape (usually circular). A material may be
used that resists flame, the entrance of water and ionizes at a higher voltage than air.
cable jacket: A thermoplastic or thermosetting covering that is extruded over a cable to provide physical
protection and electrical insulation. See also: inner jacket; outer jacket
cable sheath: The outer covering over the insulated conductors to provide mechanical and electrical
protection for the conductors. In communications-type cables the sheath usually includes a shield and may
include armor.
cable shield: A conducting envelope composed of metal strands, ribbon or sheet metal that encloses a wire,
group of wires, or cable, so constructed that substantially every point on the surface of the underlying
insulation or core wrap is at ground potential or at some predetermined potential with respect to ground.
capacitance unbalance: The unbalance that exists either between the capacitance of a pair to the grounded
shield or between pair to pair. See Annex D for details.
characteristic impedance: The ratio of the complex value of voltage between the conductors to the
complex value of current on the conductors in the same transverse plane with the sign so chosen that the
real part is positive. See Annex D for details
color code: A system of standard colors used for identification of conductors. Colors identify the tip and
ring conductors in pairs of a communications cable. Combinations of colors identify the pair numbers. Pair
groups are bound with threads or tapes that are identified with color bands or with unit numbers and the
names of the colors.

13
IEEE Standards Dictionary Online subscription is available at:
http://www.ieee.org/portal/innovate/products/standard/standards_dictionary.html.
IEEE Std 789-2013
Environments

5
communications cable: A cable that carries a low level of electric energy used for the transmission of
communication frequencies such as voice and data.
NOTESee 5.1.1.
control cable: A cable that usually carries relatively low current levels used for indication purposes to
change the operating status of a utilization device of a plant auxiliary system.
NOTESee 5.1.2.
crosstalk: A type of interference caused by signals from one pair or cable being coupled into adjacent pairs
or cables. Can occur with audio, data or radio frequency (RF) signals.
dedicated cable: A cable containing only pairs servicing an electric supply location. It is installed at any
station with ground potential rise (GPR) above a given level, for example, 300 V
rms
, and will have a core
and jacket dielectric capability suitable to withstand worst fault-produced voltage stress.
electric supply locations: Any building, separate space, or site in which electric supply equipment is
located that may be subjected to the effects of ground potential rise (GPR). This includes generation,
transformation, conversion, switching, and delivery facilities.
high-voltage environment (HVE): A location requiring caution because it may experience a ground
potential rise (GPR) from power line fault currents.
inner jacket: A jacket that is extruded over the cable core covering to provide additional dielectric strength
when it is needed between the conductors and the shield. An inner jacket may be used in cables that are
used for direct burial and also where high ground potential rise is to be withstood.
inside communications cables: A telephone-type cable intended for indoor use that is not designed to
withstand solar radiation or precipitation and may or may not be shielded.
instrumentation cable: A cable that carries low level electric energy from a transducer to a measuring or
controlling device. Instrumentation cables may be used in environments such as high temperature, high
radiation levels, and high electromagnetic fields.
NOTESee 5.1.3.
joint use: Simultaneous use by two or more utilities [Accredited Standards Committee C2 National
Electrical Safety Code (NESC)].
joint use facilities: the telecommunications and power plant utilizing the same structure, such as poles or
trenches. Buried facilities may be with deliberate separation or with random separation.
longitudinal balance: The ratio of the disturbing longitudinal rms voltage (V
s
) to ground and the resulting
metallic rms voltage (V
m
) of the network under test, expressed in decibels as follows: longitudinal balance
= 20 log10 V
s
/V
m
(in dB), where V
s
and V
m
are at the same frequency.
messenger: See: suspension strand.
mutual capacitance: The capacitance between two conductors in a pair when the rate of change of the
charges on the two is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, and the potentials of the remaining
conductors in the cable are held constant.
optical fiber cable: A communications cable containing optical fibers as the primary transmission medium.
The cable may contain metallic or non-metallic members and metallic pairs.
IEEE Std 789-2013
Environments

6
outer jacket: A jacket that is extruded over the cable shield. It also may be extruded over both the shield
and a supporting messenger cable.
outside plant: The portion of the telephone network that is normally located outside of buildings. It may
consist of aerial, buried, or underground facilities and associated terminals, closures, pedestals and
supporting structures.
quad: a group of 4 wires composed of two pairs twisted together. Typically, the twist of the quad is shorter
than the twist of the pair.
return loss: The measure of signal reflections from a cable or device with a fixed, standard reference
impedance on the measuring equipment. Expressed in decibels (dB).
self-supported aerial cable: A cable that includes a supporting strength member as an integral part of the
cable assembly. This cable has an outer jacket that covers the supporting strength member and the shield.
suspension strand: A stranded group of wires supported above the ground at intervals by poles or other
structures and used to furnish within these intervals frequent points of support for cables.
tip and ring wires: The pair of conductors associated with the transmission portions of telephone cables,
circuits, and apparatus.
underground cable (in ducts): A cable for installation below the surface of the earth in ducts or conduits
so it can readily be removed without disturbing the surrounding earth and designed to withstand
submersion in ground waters.
3.1 Acronyms and abbreviations
ac alternating current
AWG American Wire Gauge
CPE chlorinated polyethylene
CSPE chlorosulfonated polyethylene
dc direct current
EPR ethylene propylene rubber
GPR ground potential rise
HVE high-voltage environment
LAN Local Area Network
PE polyethylene
PIC plastic insulated conductor
PoE Power over Ethernet
PVC polyvinyl chloride
XLPE cross-linked polyethylene
ZOI zone of influence
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4. General information
4.1 Electric supply location environment
Electric supply locations subject communications and control cables to a high-voltage environment since
these cables run from the control room or other locations to remote station locations and to remote locations
off the station ground grid via trays, trenches, conduits, direct burial, etc. To limit potential differences in
the station during cable and equipment faults or lightning strokes, ground grids are installed within the
station area with station equipment, building frames, and structures connected to this grid. During a local or
supply location ground fault or fault on a power line at a location remote from the electric supply location,
some of the fault current flows through the ground grid and produces a potential difference, ground
potential rise (GPR), along the ground grid and between the ground grid and remote earth. Communications
and control circuits serving electric supply locations are usually within the influence of this ground
potential rise. This standard principally applies to communications and control cables that serve the electric
supply location, but may also apply to all such cables that are exposed to the effects of hostile electrical
environments because they are entering the GPR zone to serve telephone subscribers within the zone of
influence (ZOI), or because they merely pass through the ZOI.
In addition, these cables may be subjected to the normal application stresses for the outside plant
environment including exposure to moisture, contaminated water, high and low temperature extremes,
vibrations, pulling stresses, physical contact/abrasion with other cables.
The basic requirement for acceptable cable performance is that the cable should have a serviceable life
equal to the design life of the electric supply location, while operating at the design voltage and current
ratings, and while being subjected to the environmental conditions prevalent to the power station site. The
preference is that the installation of the cables be restricted to areas where detrimental conditions do not
exist, unless cables are specifically designed for a special application or exposure conditions (e.g., areas
exposed to ionizing radiation).
The two different electric supply location environments that shall be considered are as follows:
a) Electric power stations:
These locations generally utilize an extensive ground grid designed, per IEEE Std 80, so that all
grounded structures within the station can be connected to a common grid, thereby minimizing
potential difference in the system during a power fault. However, the potential difference between
this grounding system and other distant grounding systems may be substantial and a significant
portion of these currents may be redirected to any wire-line telecommunications cables entering
these locations. Ground grids in these locations help reduce surges caused by lightning strikes.
b) Power line transmission and distribution towers or poles:
These locations generally utilize a smaller grounding electrode system with a common arrangement
being one ground rod per tower leg incorporated into the grounding system of the equipment
placed at the tower base. Thus, the grounding systems at towers or poles usually have a
significantly higher resistance to ground than those at electric power stations. Transmission lines
also have a higher probability of being struck by lightning, thereby increasing the chances of fault
producing surges. A significant portion of these surge currents may be redirected to any wire-line
telecommunications cables entering these locations.
For detailed information about GPR causes and computation refer to IEEE Std 367 [B11].
14

14
The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A.
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5. Basic requirements
5.1 General
The following three types of cables, each with a different purpose are included in this standard.
Communications cables
Control cables
Instrumentation cables
5.1.1 Communication cables
Communications cables are typically used for the transmission of voice and data signals. Communication
cables consist of two or more, solid, insulated, twisted, paired, shielded or unshielded conductors ranging
from 19 to 26 American Wire Gauge (AWG), with either a shielded or unshielded sheath.
Metallic outside plant type communication cables typically comply with the requirements of either
ICEA S-84-608
15
or ICEA S-85-625, depending on cable construction.
Metallic inside plant type communication cables typically comply with the requirements of either,
depending on application, ICEA S-90-661 [B7] or ICEA S-102-700-2004 [B8].
Optical fiber communication cables typically comply with the requirements of either, depending on
application, ICEA S-83-596 [B6] or ICEA S-104-696 [B9].
5.1.2 Control cables
Control cables are typically multi-conductor cables used to transmit low-voltage, low-current electrical
signals used for indication purposes to change the operating status of a utilization device. Control cables
usually consist of two or more insulated, unpaired, shielded or unshielded conductors. Sizes may be 22, 20,
19, 18, or 16 AWG solid and 14, 12, 10, or 9 AWG stranded or solid conductor. Control cable conductor
insulation usually has dielectric voltage ratings of 300 V
rms
, 600 V
rms
, or 1000 V
rms
, 50 Hz 60 Hz.
Control cables shall comply with the applicable requirements of ICEA S-73-532.
5.1.3 Instrumentation cables
Instrumentation cables are typically used to transmit low-energy electrical signals with low-voltage, low-
current levels between equipment (such as monitors and analyzers) and control equipment for apparatus.
The signals in instrumentation cables may be continuous or intermittent depending on application.
Instrumentation cables shall comply with the applicable requirements of ICEA S-73-532.

15
Information on references can be found in Clause 2.
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5.2 Basic requirements
In addition to the requirements of this standard, all communications cables shall meet the requirements of
ICEA S-84-608 or S-85-625, and all cables shall meet the requirements of IEEE Std 532. All cables shall
meet any specific requirements from any of the referenced standards in Clause 2 as required by the user.
All related equipment, hardware and components, used in conjunction with the cables covered by this
standard, shall meet or exceed the same specifications required by this standard.
5.3 Ethernet cable requirements
All cables for Ethernet applications, conforming to IEEE Std 802.3 [B13], in a high-voltage environment
shall also meet the applicable requirements of TIA/EIA-568-C.0, TIA/EIA-568-C.2, TIA/EIA-568-C.3, and
TIA/EIA-568-C.4, including Category 5e, and higher, metallic cables used for Power over Ethernet (PoE)
applications such as radios, security cameras and other security systems as well as optical fiber cables and
coaxial cables.
For general information on Ethernet design and applications in electrical supply locations see CIGRE TB
460 [B3], Madren [B24], Wester [B30] and Woodward [B32].
5.4 Typical cable jacket requirements within an electric supply location
Typical industry standards for regular-use communications- and control-type cables do not require a
sufficiently high cable dielectric withstand strength for their jackets and adequate testing procedures for
their use within an electric supply location where the GPR is often higher than the dielectric strength of the
cable jacket.
5.4.1 Double jacketed cables
One cable type is made up of a core of conductors that may range from 19 AWG to as small as 26 AWG.
The inner jacket over the pairs or core makes this cable different than standard design cables.
This type of cable is constructed with an extruded inner jacket over the cable core. This inner jacket is
usually low density polyolefin (PE) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
A corrugated steel shield, the outer jacket, is wrapped around this inner jacket and is then flooded or
soldered throughout its length. The outer jacket is extruded over the shield to form the exterior covering.
The double jacketed cable design usually results in a core to shield rating of at least 20 kV. The shield to
outer jacket rating meets or exceeds a standard cable as identified in 9.8. Double jacketed cables are usually
used for Air Core Aerial or Direct Burial applications.
5.5 Information to be supplied by user
The user should consider the following characteristics of the power system control or communications
system on which the particular cable is to be used and indicate any specific requirements to the supplier.
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5.5.1 Operating voltage
The general range of system voltages for communications and control cables has been found to be up to
250 V dc and up to 120 V ac.
5.5.2 Operating current
The general range of operating currents for communications and control cables ranges from less than 1 mA
for instrumentation and communications applications to about 20 A for high-voltage circuit breaker
tripping applications.
5.5.3 Operating frequency range
The frequency ranges for various applications are generally as follows:
a) dc for control, alarms, remote tripping, circuit monitoring for pilot wire protective relaying,
telephone signaling, etc.
b) 17 Hz to 60 Hz: ac for control, metering, protective relay systems, including pilot wire and
telephone ringing.
c) 300 Hz to 3400 Hz: audio-tone transfer trip, data, supervisory control, telemetering, and voice
communications.
d) 5 kHz to 3 MHz: analog and digital carrier systems.
e) 1 MHz to 550 MHz for Category 6 cables.
5.6 Ambient environmental conditions
Unusual conditions and other environmental conditions (e.g., radiation) outside the specified limits shall be
reported to the manufacturer so that appropriate changes in ratings are considered.
6. Environmental considerations
6.1 General
Communications and control cables used in the high-voltage environment of an electric supply location or
that are exposed to the influences of such locations or high-voltage power lines, are subject to widely
varying physical, electrical, and mechanical conditions. Often these environmental conditions are in the
extreme and, therefore, communications and control cables should be capable of withstanding all of the
following conditions.
6.2 Temperature
Usual ambient temperature range is minus 20 C to plus 55 C. Unusual conditions of temperature shall be
specified by the user.
NOTECommunications cables in direct contact with 90 C power conductors should have 90 C insulation especially
when installed in conduit.
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6.3 Humidity
Humidity range is from 0% to 100% and/or immersion in water to a depth of 1 m (3 ft).
6.4 Mechanical shock
At minus 40 C, the cable should not be damaged from mechanical shock equal to a 4 J impact test.
6.5 Altitude
The cable should be capable of operating at altitudes between minus 200 m (650 ft) and plus 4000 m
(13 120 ft) relative to sea level.
6.6 Ultraviolet
The cable, if located outdoors, shall have a minimum 25 year life under maximum solar radiation
conditions.
50% retained elongation after 720 hours xenon arc (per UL 1581) is generally considered to be 25 year life.
The outer plastic sheath of copper-conductor or optical-fiber cables shall meet or exceed the solar radiation
requirements ICEA S-84-608.
6.7 Chemical environment
Cable shall not sustain damage in an environment as defined in ASTM D1248 for low or medium density
PE and PVC.
6.8 Fungus
The cable jacket shall have a One Rating (1) fungus-resistant when tested as per ASTM G21-09.
6.9 Insects or rodents
In areas where insect or rodent damage is possible, special mechanical protective precautions, that is, armor
or special insulating compounds shall be indicated by the user if required.
6.10 Lightning
Lightning environment is described in IEEE Std 487. Cable shall not be damaged by ten applications of a
standard impulse 1.2 50 s test wave at 3 s intervals. This test wave shall be applied as described in
Clause 9 and Clause 10 of this standard.
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7. Electrical requirements
7.1 Electrical environment conditions
Communications and control-type cables are directly exposed to interfering voltages, transients, and
harmonics when they are in proximity to power conductors or electric supply locations. Three forms of
coupling should be considered: magnetic (inductive) coupling, electric (capacitive) coupling, and
conductive (resistive) coupling. The magnitude of interference is determined by the influence of the power
lines, the susceptibility of the cables, and the coupling mechanisms.
7.1.1 Electric Field intensity (E-Field).
Cable insulating materials should withstand 10 kV/m (E-Field) continuously without damage.
8. Installation practices
Installation practices shall meet the requirements of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code (NEC),
National Electrical Safety Code (NESC), IEEE Std 525, IEEE Std 628, IEEE Std 690, and IEEE Std
1185.
8.1 General types of cable plant
Communications and control cables are routed throughout the potentially hostile electrical environment by
various methods such as the following:
a) Aerial lines: Aerial cable is usually supported by a messenger that is generally a non-insulated
member whose primary purpose is to support the communications or control cable. This messenger
is supported at dead ends and at intermediate locations to eliminate tension on the cable conductors.
b) Nonmetallic conduit: Precast concrete, transite, fiber, polyethylene (PE) or polyvinyl chloride
(PVC), or fiberglass conduits are used in many cases where the conduits run underground. These
conduits may be encased in concrete envelopes that may also contain several other conduits in a
duct bank. In the case of the dedicated communications cable leaving the station, installing this
cable in a continuous PVC conduit within the station and for at least 3 m (10 ft) beyond the ground
grid or the electric supply location perimeter fence is recommended. To prevent moisture
accumulation in this conduit, consideration should be given to have the outside open end of the
conduit at a lower elevation than the other (stations) end (usually sealed) to ensure proper conduit
slope for continuous drainage.
c) Metallic conduit: Galvanized steel conduits may also be used to protect cables within the station
and on the station side of the high-voltage protective interface. The above ground terminations of
these metallic conduits are normally accomplished with galvanized steel conduit bends, using
nonmetallic to galvanized steel adapters. In a number of cases, a direct buried cable is brought to
the ground surface in a galvanized steel conduit bend, using an insulated bushing. Like the
nonmetallic conduits, the metallic conduits may be encased in concrete envelopes if required as a
single conduit or as a duct bank with other conduits. For above ground applications, aluminum or
galvanized steel conduit may be utilized. Flexible conduit may be used between rigid conduit and
equipment junction boxes where vibration is anticipated.
IEEE Std 789-2013
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d) Design considerations for cable support: Certain design considerations should be given when using
either metallic or nonmetallic conduits. For mechanical protection, aluminum, steel, or thick walled
PVC conduits are adequate, subject, however, to some limitations. For example, there are minimum
bending radii for various sizes of conduits, ranging from 114 mm (4.5 in) for the smallest
recommended conduit size to 1640 mm (64.5 in) for 152 mm (6 in) conduit. In addition, a run of
conduit between two pull boxes should not contain more than the equivalent for three quarter bends
for telephone cables (270 degrees total), and four quarter bends (360 degrees total) for electrical
cables, including the bends located immediately at the pull box. Another important consideration is
the maximum acceptable cable fill. This cable fill is in the order of 35% to 40% of the conduit area
where there are more than two conductors in the duct. For electrostatic shielding, aluminum
conduits are the best. For electromagnetic shielding, steel conduit is the most suitable.
NOTE Not using or extending metallic conduits outside the station grid is important.
e) Direct buried: Communications and control cables are often directly buried. Sometimes, these
cables would be double jacketed and filled and, generally, would be buried a minimum of 610 mm
(24 in) below grade with 150 mm (6 in) minimum of sand above and below the cables. At a road
crossing within the electric supply location, where vehicular passage is expected, appropriate
mechanical protection such as wooden planking or modular 50 mm (2 in) thick concrete slabs may
be placed at grade level above the direct buried cable.
8.1.1 Outdoor
Installation of communications or control cables, located entirely outside of electric supply location
buildings, can be one of the following types.
8.1.1.1 Overhead (aerial) joint use
Joint use means the supporting of power lines and communications or control cables on the same structure
(each installation may be owned by separate utilities). Cables and equipment installed on joint use
structures shall follow NESC rules and applicable joint-use agreements between the power and
communications utilities.
8.1.1.2 Overhead (aerial) non-joint use
Non-joint use means communications or control cables supported by their own separate structures.
8.1.1.3 Underground joint use
In underground cable plants, joint use means the sharing of common pedestals, trenches, rights of way, duct
systems, etc., between power cables and communications or control cables. Furthermore, underground
cable plants could have the following:
a) Planned separation: power cables and communications or control cables are maintained at a fixed
or minimum horizontal and vertical separation.
b) Random separation: the variable separation that results when power cables and communications or
control cables are installed in a common trench at approximately the same depth with no effort to
maintain a fixed or minimum separation, which means there may be zero separation between the
cables at some points in the run.
IEEE Std 789-2013
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Joint use of common pedestals and single conduit/duct to contain both power and communications cables,
this may not be allowed by some utilities and should be avoided. Power cables and communications cables
installed in the near vicinity of one another in underground or buried environments shall follow the
installation practices of Section 35 of NESC.
8.1.1.4 Underground non-joint use
Communications or control cables used in separate underground structures or facilities.
8.1.2 Indoor
Communications or control cables located inside the electric supply location buildings are generally
installed in cable trays and vertical risers, segregated and separated from power cables, and, where
necessary, to provide an additional isolation or mechanical protection, in separate conduits.
8.2 Interference mitigations
Communications and control-type cables, especially those with low signal levels, may require shielding and
segregation from power cables and the use of balanced twisted pairs to preserve the integrity of the
transmitted signal.
8.2.1 Coupling to power cables
8.2.1.1 Capacitive coupling
a) Capacitive shielding: Capacitive coupling of communications and control cables to high-voltage
cables is reduced by electrostatic shielding provided by a grounded conductor(s) placed between or
enclosing power and/or communications cables.
b) Capacitive balance: To minimize capacitive coupling of energy into communications and control
circuits, both conductors of a pair should have equal or balanced capacitance to the metallic shield
and to other conductors in the cable.
8.2.1.2 Inductive coupling
Electromagnetic flux caused by power current or rapidly changing transient currents in power circuits
couples energy into conductors of a communications or control cable by electromagnetic induction. This
electromagnetic induction is reduced by shielding, bonding, and separation.
a) Electromagnetic shielding: Electromagnetic shielding, for example, is provided by conductor(s)
near communications and control conductors, by the current induced into them and the cable shield
and/or messenger, the spinning or lashing wire(s) if they are adequately grounded. This current
causes a counteracting electromagnetic flux that reduces the effect of the source flux. The shielding
characteristic of a shield conductor(s), for example, is increased if its longitudinal and terminal
reactances and resistances are made low so as to minimize the ground loop impedance.
b) Longitudinal balance: The interfering effects of inductive coupling into a cable are minimized, as
may be required by the user, if the conductors of the circuit in the cable have equal reactance and
resistance to ground. Conversion of the longitudinally induced voltage (common mode voltage)
into transverse or metallic voltage (differential mode voltage) is minimized if conductors in a pair
have balanced electrical characteristics.
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8.2.1.3 Resistive Coupling
Resistive coupling occurs between power circuits and communication or control circuits due to resistive
coupling of each to ground. Connections to ground are made by Y-grounded connected three-phase power
circuits at supply or load terminals. Under fault conditions or where an extreme unbalance exists on the
power system, connections can be made to ground from surge arresters and protectors applied to both
power and communications or control circuits, or by direct contact or an arc.
Resistive coupling between power and communications or control circuits is minimized when the earth is
not used deliberately as a communications circuit return path. Resistive coupling is increased due to the
reduction in insulation resistance to ground with aging of power, communications and control cable
insulation, and because of the reduction or failure in the insulation resistance to ground in surge arresters
and protectors.
a) Protection against resistive coupling: Resistive coupling is reduced by providing protection for
communications and control cable insulation to ground. This is done by limiting voltage to ground
and voltage between conductors with surge protector gaps. Optimum protection is provided by a
high ratio of insulation voltage withstand level to the protective gap voltage limit level.
b) Insulation resistance unbalance: The resistive coupling of energy into communications and control
circuits is increased if the resistance of each conductor of a circuit to the grounded shield or sheath
through conductor insulation is not equal. Defective protectors having unequal voltage limiting
characteristics will increase resistive coupling to power circuits.
8.2.2 Grounding
In hazardous locations and depending on the protection schemes, standard grounding practices may not
apply and reference should be made to IEEE Std 80 and to IEEE Std 487.
8.2.2.1 Ground isolation within the ZOI of an electric supply location
To minimize coupling between power cables and communications or control cables entering the ZOI of a
GPR from a remote point, cables including their messengers and shields shall be effectively isolated and/or
insulated from ground throughout the zone of influence. Such cables are usually terminated at a high-
voltage protective interface cabinet and their shields are not to be grounded at that point except through
surge protective devices. The internal or station-side supplementary protective devices are to be connected
to station ground.
8.2.2.2 Grounding outside the ZOI
To minimize coupling between power cables and communications or control cables outside the ZOI, the
cable shields shall be grounded at intervals of no greater than 300 m (1000 ft). The ground (earth)
connection should have a resistance (impedance) to earth of less than 25 ohms. See ATIS 0600316 [B2] for
additional information.
8.2.2.3 Bonding inside the electric supply location
Cables inside a high-voltage location should be effectively bonded and grounded to minimize voltage
differences.
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9. Cable design requirements
9.1 General
This standard covers the requirements for multi-pair, 19, 22, 24, and 26 AWG polyolefin insulated, PVC or
polyolefin jacketed, shielded telephone or communications-type cable, as well as paired or non-paired,
shielded or non-shielded, control-type cables, solid or stranded, 9 to 19 AWG, for use in high GPR areas,
for example, over 300 V.
The preferred pair count in any communications-type cable manufactured to this specification should be
one of the following: 3, 6, 11, 12, 16, 18, 25, 37, 50, 75, and 100 pairs.
Other pair complements, paired or non-paired, shielded or non-shielded, and other wire gauges, particularly
for control-type cables, should be available as specified. Performance requirements and testing will vary in
accordance with any specific user requirements.
These cables are intended for use within the ZOI of an electric supply location or other high-voltage
environments where the GPR does not exceed 10 kV
rms
symmetrical. Where the GPR is above 10 kV,
specially designed cables are required.
9.2 Conductors
Each conductor shall be solid, round wire (or equivalent stranded) of commercially pure annealed copper
and shall meet the requirements of ICEA S-84-608 or S-85-625 depending on cable construction.
Factory joints made in conductors during the manufacturing process shall comply with the requirements in
ICEA S-84-608.
9.3 Insulation of conductors
Each conductor shall be insulated with colored PE to meet the electrical requirements of ICEA S-84-608 or
S-85-625 depending on cable construction.
The PE and PVC shall meet the requirements of ICEA S-84-608 or S-85-625 depending on cable
construction. Pigments used to color the polyolefin shall be compatible with the insulation and the
antioxidant.
The conductors in control cables shall be insulated with flame-retardant EPR or flame-retardant XLPE to
meet all the requirements of ICEA S-73-532 and UL 44 [B28].
9.4 Color scheme of conductors
The color scheme used in this cable corresponds to that used in even PIC telephone cable (that is, in the
color scheme used in EIA 359-A and ICEA S-84-608 or S-85-625).
The colors used shall be readily distinguishable under normal installation conditions.
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9.5 Forming of pairs
The insulated conductors shall be twisted into pairs.
The lengths of twist for the individual pairs shall be such as to provide the required characteristics and to
provide a cable meeting the capacitance unbalance requirements.
Defects detected prior to sheathing shall be repaired as in regular plastic-insulated-conductor (PIC)-type
cable core.
9.6 Assembly
The pairs shall be assembled (bound) together to form the cable core forming binder groups (such as 25-
pair groups for communication cables).
9.7 Core wrap
A core wrap (that is, polyester) shall be used such that (a) is suitable for the application, (b) acts as an
adequate heat barrier to the core, and (c) gives, with the PVC or PE sheath or jacket, an adequate dielectric
strength to pass the requirements of ICEA S-84-608 or S-85-625 depending on cable construction.
9.8 Insulating jacket
A PVC or PE jacket shall be applied over the cable core. The compound used shall be of an outdoor grade
suitable for aerial or direct buried use. It shall have characteristics such that the electrical requirements of
this standard are met. The PE or PVC material shall meet the requirements of ICEA S-84-608 or S-85-625
depending on cable construction. The choice of either PE or PVC for the jacket shall be at the user's option.
An alternative form of construction could consist of an industry standard type of communications cable,
aluminum shielded, coated, or non-coated, to which has been added an additional (separate) jacket or either
PE or PVC to achieve the assurance of the dielectric withstand test for the total cable jacket. This outer
jacket should then have some continuous identifying feature to differentiate it from standard cable.
For control cables, a flame retardant chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) or chlorosulfonated polyethylene
(CSPE) compound shall be applied over the cable core. The compound used shall comply with all
requirements of ICEA S-73-532.
9.9 Routine tests on all cables
Each and every individual length or reel of cable shall be subject to tests prior to shipping as per Clause 10
and as per ICEA S-84-608, S-85-625 or S-73-532.
No cable is acceptable that has an open circuit in any conductor or shield.
9.10 Dielectric strength of cables
The minimum dielectric strength between all adjacent conductors shall be as shown in Table 1 for non-
filled cables and as shown in Table 2 for filled cables.
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Table 1 Minimum dielectric strength between all adjacent conductors in non-filled cables
AWG Minimum Dielectric Strength (kV dc)
16 6.0
19 4.5
22 3.6
24 3.0
26 2.4
28 1.5
NOTETest duration is 3 s.
Table 2 Minimum dielectric strength between all adjacent conductors in filled cables
AWG Minimum Dielectric Strength (kV dc)
16 8.5
19 7.0
22 5.0
24 4.0
26 2.8
28 2.0
NOTETest duration is 3 s.
The minimum dielectric strength between all conductors, connected in parallel to shield, shall be 20 kV dc
for 3 s for filled cables and 10 kV dc for 3 s for non-filled cables.
For both filled and non-filled cables the dielectric strength between all conductors connected in parallel
with the shield and ground shall be 30 kV dc for 3 s. Ground in this case shall be either a salt water bath or
a closely fitting ring die through which the cable length shall be passed.
No cable is acceptable that has a dielectric failure.
9.11 Tests on sample pairs
The manufacturer of the cable shall be responsible for maintaining control of the following electrical
characteristics.
Special tests on sample pairs shall be conducted as per Clause 10 or modified as per instructions from the
purchaser.
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Statistical quality control procedures shall be used to comply with the intent of this specification. The level
of testing specified in Clause 10 shall be used as an initial guide; however, with additional experience this
may be reduced by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
9.11.1 Conductor resistance
The maximum dc resistance when measured at or correlated to a temperature of 20 C (68 F) shall not
exceed the values shown in ICEA S-84-608 or S-85-625 depending on cable construction. The maximum
average direct-current (dc) resistance permitted for all conductors shall not exceed the values shown in
Table 3.
Table 3 Maximum average dc resistance permitted-all conductors
AWG Ohms/km Ohms/mi
16 13.8 22.2
19 27.6 44.4
22 55.4 89.1
24 87.6 140.9
26 141.1 227.0
28 234.5 377.3
NOTE corrected to 20 C (68 F).

The maximum dc resistance permitted to any conductor shall be as shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Maximum dc resistance permitted-any conductor
AWG Ohms/km Ohms/mi
16 14.3 23.0
19 28.5 45.8
22 57.1 91.9
24 90.2 145.2
26 144.4 232.3
28 240.0 386.2
NOTE Corrected to 20 C (68 F).

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9.11.2 Resistance unbalance
The resistance unbalance of any pair in communications cables should be as low as possible, consistent
with normal manufacturing practices, and shall meet all the requirements of ICEA S-84-608 or S-85-625
depending on cable construction.
9.11.3 Mutual capacitance
For communications cables the average mutual capacitance of any cable at 20 C (68 F) shall be as close
as possible to a value of 0.052 F per kilometer (0.083 F per mile) and shall meet all the requirements of
ICEA S-84-608 or S-85-625 depending on cable construction.
The maximum average mutual capacitance of any cable shall be 0.059 F per kilometer (0.095 F per
mile).
The tests to determine compliance with the above mutual capacitance requirements shall be made as
specified in Clause 10.
If the average mutual capacitance of the tested pairs selected exceeds 0.057 F per kilometer (0.093 F per
mile), all the remaining pairs shall be tested to determine the cable average.
9.11.4 Capacitance unbalance
The communications cable shall meet all the requirements of ICEA S-84-608 or S-85-625 depending on
cable construction. In every length of cable, capacitance unbalance between any two pairs in a cable shall
not exceed 150 pF for a 457 m (1500 ft) length, except as permitted in the standard.
High capacitance unbalances permissible as per ICEA S-84-608 or S-85-625, depending on cable
construction, shall be identified with a sleeve at both ends. A linen tag marked H-PrPr may be substituted
for the sleeve.
9.11.5 Crosstalk loss
The rms output-to-output far-end crosstalk loss between pairs in a completed communications cable as
measured at a frequency of 150 kHz shall be not less than 67.8 dB/km (109 dB/mile). The rms calculation
shall be based on the combined total of all adjacent and alternate pair, connections within the same layer
and center to first layer pair, combinations. The rms crosstalk loss in dB is the number of dB corresponding
to the rms crosstalk voltage ratio. If the crosstalk loss is Kf dB at a frequency f
o
for a length L
o
, it can be
determined for any other length or frequency by the equation. Crosstalk shall be measured as per ICEA S-
84-608 or S-85-625 depending on cable construction.
9.11.6 Longitudinal balance
Longitudinal balance of a communications cable is a composite of some of the other performance
requirements as given in ICEA S-84-608 or S-85-625, depending on cable construction, that is, mutual
capacitance, capacitance and resistance unbalance, etc. Longitudinal balance is intended to aid the cable
user by providing a single characteristic by which the performance of a cable may be checked.
An approximate classification of longitudinal balance is shown in Table 5.

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Table 5 Longitudinal balance
Balance dB
Poor <40
Fair 4050
Good 5060
Excellent >60
These values should be obtained as per the standard test procedures and conditions of IEEE Std 455.
9.11.7 Characteristic impedance
Impedance versus frequency characteristics of communication cables for representative wire sizes shall be
similar to the typical values shown in Table 6.

Table 6 Nominal characteristic impedance at 12.8 C (55 F)
Conductor Size Frequency Characteristic Impedance
AWG mm kHz Ohms
19 0.9 1 402
10 143
48 110
22 0.64 1 568
10 187
48 117
24 0.5 1 714
10 229
48 128
26 0.4 1 903
10 287
48 146

9.11.8 Attenuation
The anticipated average attenuation (transmission loss) of various cable designs when measured at a
frequency of 1000 Hz at 20 C shall be as shown in Table 7.
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Table 7 Conductor size versus average attenuation at 1 kHz at 20 C
Conductor size (AWG) 19 22 24 26
Attenuation (dB/km) 0.750.80 1.101.15 1.401.45 1.801.85
9.12 Physical requirements
9.12.1 Mandrel test
Finished cables shall be capable of being wound onto a mandrel of diameter indicated below, so that the
minimum number of turns of cable applied is not less than that given by the Equation (1):
X
L
N = (1)
where,
N = number of turns of cable
L = length of mandrel traverse in mm (in)
X = maximum outside diameter of cable in mm (in)
In determining compliance with this requirement, a minimum of 12 turns of cable shall be applied to the
mandrel. Use the appropriate Mandrel as shown in Table 8.
Table 8 Cable Pair size vs. Mandrel diameter
Cable Pair size Mandrel diameter
50 pairs or less 150 mm (6 in)
51 to 100 pairs 250 mm (10 in)
101 pairs and over Use Equation 11 to establish mandrel diameter

Cables as specified in 8.1 shall be capable of withstanding the dielectric strength requirements of 9.10 after
performing the Mandrel test.
9.13 Certified test report
A certified test report covering the user's specified tests shall be completed for each length of cable and
shall include, as a minimum, data shown in Table 9. Additional data may be required by the user.

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Table 9 Minimum test report data
Type of Test Variable Results to be Noted
ROUTINE Continuity indicate test requirements
satisfied
Dielectric Strength indicate test requirements
satisfied
SPECIAL Conductor Resistance average of conductors tested
and maximum resistance
Resistance Unbalance average of pairs tested and
maximum value
Mutual Capacitance average of pairs tested
Capacitance Unbalance average of adjacent pairs and
maximum value
9.14 Ordering cable
Procurement of cable shall state that the cable should be manufactured per this standard and should show
the following information:
a) Total length (with tolerance specified)
b) Number of pairs, stranding, shielding, and gauge
c) Minimum and maximum shipping lengths in which it is possible to use a cable without splicing
9.15 Shipping
9.15.1 Standard pair complements
Cable, with the standard pair complements specified in this clause, shall be manufactured in the longest
convenient lengths possible depending upon purchaser's requirements.
The inner and outer ends of the cables on a reel shall be readily accessible for testing purposes.
9.15.2 Special pair complements
Cables, with special pair complements, shall be manufactured in the length ordered.
IEEE Std 789-2013
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9.15.3 Preparation for shipment
The cable should be shipped on reels. The diameter of the core of the reel should be large enough to
prevent damage to the cable from reeling and the outer reel diameter should be large enough to prevent
damage from unreeling and transport.
All cable reels shall be shipped suitably lagged or wrapped to afford protection to the cable during
transportation. When a thermal reel wrap is used, the wrap should be applied to the reel and be secured in
place to minimize thermal exposure to the cable during storage and shipment. The thermal wrap shall
comply with the requirements of ICEA S-84-608.
The ends of the cable should be securely fastened to the reel in order to prevent the cable from becoming
loose in transit. The inner end of the cable should be securely fastened to the reel and should be easily
available for electrical testing, if required.
Cable ends shall be sealed to keep moisture out of the cable core during transportation between supplier's
plant and destination.
Each reel shall be plainly marked with the length, number of pairs, and gauge of the cable it contains, and
such other information as may be specified on the order.
9.15.4 Storage
Manufacturer shall specify specific storage needs of cables.
10. Testing and test methods
10.1 General
All cables shall be tested at the factory to determine their compliance with the requirements given in
Clause 9. When there is a conflict between the test methods given in this clause and publications of other
organizations to which reference is made, the requirements given in this clause shall apply.
Tests shall consist of the following, as required, namely (1) design or qualification tests on selected
samples, and (2) routine production tests on entire lengths of completed cables.
The test methods described in this clause are not completely applicable to all types of cables, nor do they
include every test applicable to a particular type of wire or cable. To determine which tests are to be made,
refer to the parts in this standard that set forth the requirements to be met by the particular material or type
of cable.
10.2 Design tests
Tests on samples shall be made on samples selected at random. Each test sample shall be taken from the
accessible end of different coils or reels. Each coil or reel selected and the corresponding sample shall be
identified. The number and lengths of samples shall be specified under the individual tests. The extent of
the design tests shall be by agreement.
IEEE Std 789-2013
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Tests shall be conducted in accordance with 10.4 and 10.5 and as per ICEA S-84-608 or S-85-625, or other
referenced standards.
10.3 Routine production tests
Tests shall be conducted on samples or full reels as specified and shall consist of both physical and
electrical tests.
a) Routine production tests shall be made covering the following:
b) Wire gauge
c) Insulation thickness
d) Verification of length of pair twist*
e) Cold bend*
f) Water absorption*
g) Conductor resistance and resistance unbalance
h) Insulation resistance
i) Mutual capacitance and capacitance unbalance
j) Dielectric tests
conductor to conductor
conductor to shield
conductors and shield to ground
NOTETests * should be considered as optional at purchasers request.
10.4 Physical tests
10.4.1 Test temperatures
Physical tests on samples shall be made at room temperature not less than 20 C (68 F) or more than 28 C
(82.4 F).
The test specimens shall be kept at room temperature for not less than 30 min prior to the test.
10.4.2 Mechanical (dimensional) tests
10.4.2.1 Conductor tests
10.4.2.1.1 Cross-Sectional area determination
The test procedure shall be in accordance with ICEA S-84-608, S-85-625 or S-73-532.
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10.4.2.1.2 Diameter determination
The test procedure shall be in accordance with ICEA S-84-608, S-85-625 or S-73-532.
10.4.2.2 Thickness measurements for insulation and nonmetallic jackets
The procedure for measuring the thickness of insulations and nonmetallic jacket shall be in accordance with
ICEA S-84-608, S-85-625 or S-73-532.
10.4.2.3 Thickness of metallic tapes
Testing shall be in accordance with ICEA S-84-608, S-85-625 or S-73-532.
10.4.2.4 Thickness of metallic sheaths
10.4.2.5 Thickness of compound-filled tape
10.4.2.6 Verification of color code and identification marker
Visual inspection shall be made to determine conformance with color coding of binders, core coverings,
and identification markers.
10.4.2.7 Verification of maximum length of pair twist
Pair twist measurement shall be made on pairs in the finished cable.
10.4.3 Aging tests
The aging tests shall be made in accordance with ICEA S-84-608, S-85-625 or S-73-532.
10.4.4 Heat shock
10.4.5 Heat distortion
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10.4.6 Cold bend
10.4.6.1 On PVC insulation on conductors
10.4.6.2 On thermoplastic jackets
10.4.7 Flame test
Cables shall be flame retardant in accordance with the requirements of IEEE Std 1202.
10.4.8 Tensile, elongation, and brittleness
10.4.8.1 Tensile strength test
10.4.8.2 Elongation test
10.4.8.3 Brittleness
Testing shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D-746, using Specimen A.
10.4.9 Accelerated water absorption test
10.4.10 Chemical resistance
10.4.10.1 Ozone resisting test
10.4.10.2 Environmental cracking
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10.4.11 Pressurization
The test used to determine the ability of the inner jacket to hold pressure shall be conducted by applying
pressure to the inner jacket over the conductor pairs to an equilibrium pressure of 62 kPA to 124 kPa (9 psi
to 18 psi). After equilibrium is determined by the pressure gauges at each end of the reel, the pressure shall
be allowed to stand for a period of at least 4 hours. To determine that the inner jacket has no holes or weak
section, the pressure drop shall be less than 6.87 kPa (1.0 psi).
10.5 Electrical tests
10.5.1 Conductor resistance and resistance unbalance
Conductor resistance and resistance unbalance shall be determined as per ICEA S-84-608 or S-85-625
depending on cable construction.
10.5.2 Insulation resistance
10.5.2.1 Test apparatus
The test apparatus shall be in accordance with ASTM D257-07. The test potential shall be a steady source
of 100 V dc through 500 V dc.
10.5.2.2 Test procedures
The insulation resistance shall be measured after the completed cable ac voltage tests or before any dc
voltage tests as specified in ICEA S-84-608 or S-85-625 depending on cable construction. Where the
voltage tests are made on wire or cable immersed in water, the insulation resistance shall be measured
while the cable is still immersed. Single conductor cables shall be tested between the conductor and
metallic sheath or water. Multiple conductor cables with non-shielded conductors shall be tested between
each conductor and all other conductors and sheath or water. Multiple conductor cables with shielded
conductors shall be tested between the conductor and shield. The conductor under test shall be connected to
the negative terminal of the test equipment and readings shall be taken after an electrification of 1 min.
Each coil, reel, or length of wire or cable shall have an insulation resistance in M per 1000 ft
(300 m) at a temperature of 15.6 C (60 F) of not less than the value of R calculated as shown in Equation
(2):
d
D
K R
10
log = (2)
where
R = insulation resistance in M per 1000 ft (300 m)
K = typical constant for the grade of insulation at 15.6 C (60 F) for:
rubber-like compounds 10 000
PVC 500
polyolefin 50 000
D = diameter over the insulation
d = diameter under the insulation
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10.5.3 Mutual capacitance and capacitance unbalance
In addition to the following, mutual capacitance and capacitance unbalance shall be determined as per
ICEA S-84-608 or S-85-625 depending on cable construction.
10.5.3.1 Mutual capacitance pairs
The mutual capacitance shall be measured on each pair in cables having 6 to 25 pairs. In cables having
more than 25 pairs, each pair in at least 25% of the groups shall be measured. A frequency of 1000 Hz
100 Hz and a voice frequency capacitance bridge shall be used for measurements. Cables with conductors
larger than 19 AWG shall not be measured.
10.5.3.2 Mutual capacitance quads
Mutual capacitance of pairs in quads shall be measured at 1000 Hz 100 Hz. The minimum number of
quads to be tested in each selected length of cable shall be as shown in Table 10, including the two pairs
and the phantom being in each quad:
Table 10 Minimum number of quads to be tested
Number of Quads in Cable Number of Quads to be tested
Up to 5 All
6 to 12 5
13 to 27 8
28 to 37 10

10.5.3.3 Capacitance unbalance pair to pair
Capacitance unbalance for 1000 ft or 1 km lengths of completed cable shall conform to the requirements
for the individual rms value specified. A frequency of 1000 Hz 100 Hz and a voice-frequency capacitance
bridge shall be used for measurements. In cables with 25 pairs or less and in each group of multi-group
cables the unbalances to be considered are all of the following:
Between pairs adjacent in a layer
Between pairs in the center, when there are four pairs or less
Between pairs in adjacent layers, when the number of pairs in the inner (smaller) layer is six or less
(here the center is counted as a layer.)
10.5.4 Crosstalk
The rms output-to-output far-end crosstalk loss for cables of all gauges, including composite
configurations, shall be in accordance with ICEA S-84-608 or S-85-625 depending on cable construction.
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10.5.5 Dielectric tests
10.5.5.1 Between tip and ring conductors
In each length of cable the insulation between all tip conductors and all ring conductors shall be capable of
withstanding the dc voltage shown in Table 11 for 3 s:
Table 11 Minimum dc voltage for dielectric tests
Conductor Size
(AWG)
Non-filled Cables
dc voltage Minimum (kV)
Filled Cable
dc voltage Minimum (kV)
28 1.5 2.0
26 2.4 2.8
24 3.0 4.0
22 3.6 5.0
19 4.5 7.0
16 6.0 8.5
10.5.5.2 Conductor to shield
In each length of cable the insulation between the shield and all conductors in the cable shall be capable of
withstanding a 20 kV dc voltage for 3 s for filled cables and a 10 kV dc voltage for non-filled cables.
10.5.5.3 Conductor and shield to ground
In each length of a filled or non-filled cable the insulation withstand of the outer jacket to the conductors
and shield shall be 30 kV dc for 3 s.
NOTEAt users option this test may be conducted while cables are immersed in water for a specified time.
10.5.6 Impulse voltage tests
Impulse tests shall be in accordance with IEEE Std 82.
NOTEAt users option, impulse voltage tests may be specified for communications cables.
10.5.7 Dielectric tests after Installation
All cables shall be capable of withstanding all dielectric withstand voltage tests after installation.

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Annex A
(informative)
Bibliography
Bibliographical references are resources that provide additional or helpful material but do not need to be
understood or used to implement this standard. Reference to these resources is made for informational use
only.
[B1] ASTM D746, Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by Impact.
[B2] ATIS-0600316, Electrical Protection of Telecommunications Outside Plant.
[B3] CIGR WG D2.23. The use of Ethernet Technology in the Power Utility Environment. Technical
Brochure 460. April 2011.
[B4] CIGR SC36 WG 04, Guide on EMC in Power Plants and Substations, Technical Brochure #124,
1997.
[B5] Eager, G.S., Jachimowicz, L., Kolodny, I., and Robinson, D.E. Transmission properties of
polyethylene-insulated telephone cables at voice and carrier frequencies, AIEE Trans. (Communications
and Electronics), vol. 78, pp. 618-639, Nov. 1959.
[B6] ICEA S-83-596, Standard for Optical Fiber Premises Distribution Cable.
[B7] ICEA S-90-661, ICEA Standard for Category 3, 5, & 5e Individually Unshielded Twisted Pair
Indoor Cables (With or Without an Overall Shield) for Use In General Purpose And LAN Communication
Wiring Systems.
[B8] ICEA S-102-700-2004, ICEA Standard for Category 6 Individually Unshielded Twisted Pair Indoor
Cables (With or Without an Overall Shield) for Use in Communications Wiring Systems.
[B9] ICEA S-104-696, Indoor-outdoor Optical Fiber Cable.
[B10] IEEE Std 4, IEEE Standard Techniques for High-Voltage Testing.
[B11] IEEE Std 367, IEEE Recommended Practice for Determining the Electric Power Station Ground
Potential Rise and Induced Voltage from a Power Fault.
[B12] IEEE Std 422, Guide for the Design of Cable Raceway Systems for Electric Generating Facilities.
[B13] IEEE Std 802.3, IEEE Standard for Ethernet.
[B14] IEEE Std 1050, IEEE Guide for Instrumentation and Control Equipment Grounding in Generating
Stations.
[B15] IEEE Std 1143, IEEE Guide on Shielding Practice for Low-Voltage Cables.
[B16] IEEE Std 1222, IEEE Standard for Testing and Performance for All-Dielectric Self-Supporting
(ADSS) Fiber Optic Cable for Use on Electric Utility Power Lines.
[B17] IEEE Std 1428, IEEE Guide for Installation Methods for Fiber-Optic Cables in Electric Power
Generating Stations and in Industrial Facilities.
[B18] IEEE Std 1613, Standard Environmental and Testing Requirements for Communications
Networking Devices Installed in Electric Power Substations.
[B19] IEEE Std 1615, IEEE Recommended Practice for Network Communication in Electric Power
Substations.
[B20] IEEE Std C37.1, IEEE Standard for SCADA and Automation Systems.
IEEE Std 789-2013
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[B21] IEEE Std C37.90.1, IEEE Standard for Surge Withstand Capability (SWC) Tests for Relays and
Relay Systems Associated with Electric Power Apparatus.
[B22] IEEE Std C37.90.2, IEEE Standard for Withstand Capability of Relay Systems to Radiated
Electromagnetic Interference from Transceivers.
[B23] Kotheimer, W. C.; The Source and Nature of Transient Surges. IEEE Transactions on Industry
Applications, Vol. IA-13, No. 6, November/December 1977.
[B24] Madren, Frank; Ethernet in Power Utilities Substations The Changing Role of Fiber Media: A
White Paper for Network Engineers. 2004. http://garrettcom.com/techsupport/papers/utilities.pdf.
[B25] Pryna, John I., Spisak, George C. and Wilkens William D. Future Proofing Your Generation
System with Power Control And Communication Cables. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol.
6, No. 2, June 1991.
[B26] Spisak, G.C.; Wilkens, W.D., Power, control and communication cable selection criteria for
transmission and distribution facilities. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on Vol. 7, No. 2, 1992.
Page(s): 959 966.
[B27] Tengdin, J.T., Simon, M.S., and Sufana, C.R.; LAN congestion scenario and performance
evaluation. IEEE Power Engineering Society 1999 Winter Meeting, Volume: 2 Page(s): 919 924.
[B28] UL 44 Thermoset-Insulated Wires and Cables.
[B29] UL 444 Communications Cables.
[B30] Wester, C., and Adamiak, M., Practical applications of Ethernet in substations and industrial
facilities. 2011 64th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2011, Page(s): 67 78.
[B31] Wollaston, F. O., and Kidd, K. H.; Cable Sheath Jacket Requirements to Withstand Abnormal
Voltage Stresses.
[B32] Woodward, D.; Ethernet Networks Technology in Electrical Substations. Electricity Today
Magazine. http://www.electricity-today.com/et/Issue0802/i08_ethernet.htm.

IEEE Std 789-2013
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Annex B
(informative)
Insulation and jacketing PE compounds for conductors
The material shall consist of a polyolefin resin containing 0.1% of an approved non-discoloring antioxidant
and coloring agents. The material is intended primarily as insulation on wires and cable and shall meet the
requirements of ICEA S-84-608 or S-85-625 depending on cable construction.

IEEE Std 789-2013
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Annex C
(informative)
Attenuation information
= attenuation, nepers per unit length
(dB per unit length = 8.686 nepers per unit length) is derived as follows from the electrical characteristics
of a balanced cable pair that are given by the following relations:
Y Z j / = + = (C.1)
where is the propagation coefficient
jwC C
jwL R
Y
Z
Z
+
+
= =
0
(C.2)
where
0
Z is the characteristic impedance
jwL R Z Z + = =
0
(C.3)
jwC G Y Z + = =
0
/ (C.4)
where
= phase shift, radians per unit length
Z = R + jwL = series impedance, per unit length
Y = G + jwC = parallel admittance, per unit length
R = series resistance, per loop unit length
L = series inductance, henrys per loop unit length
G = parallel conductance, per unit length
C = mutual capacitance, F per unit length
w = 2 f, where f is the frequency in Hz
In the Equation (C.1) it may be shown that in terms of the distributed parameters R, L, G, and C:
+
+ + =

LC w RG
RwC GwL
x RwC GwL LG w RG
2
1
4
2 2 2
tan
2
1
cos ) ( ) ( (C.5)
where is in nepers per mile.
At high frequencies this equation is expressed as
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L
C
R
C
L
G
2
1
2
1
+ (C.6)
At low frequencies this equation is expressed as
2
wRC
(C.7)

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Annex D
(informative)
Capacitance unbalance and characteristic impedance information
D.1 Capacitance unbalance
Capacitance unbalance, pair to ground (C
UB,PG
), is the unbalance that exists between the capacitance of each
conductor of pair (ab) to the grounded shield with all the other conductors connected to the shield.
This unbalance is expressed mathematically as shown in Equation (D.1):
) ( ) (
, bp bg ap ag PG UB
C C C C C + + = (D.1)
where, C
ag
and C
bg
are capacitances between each conductor (a and b) to ground and C
ap
and C
bp
are
capacitances between each conductor (a and b) and all other pairs connected together and grounded.
Capacitance unbalance, pair to pair (C
UB,PP
), is the unbalance in capacitance that exists between each
conductor in a pair (ab) to each conductor in another pair (cd).
This unbalance is expressed mathematically in Equation (D.2):
) ( ) (
, bd ac bc ad PP UB
C C C C C + + = (D.2)
where C
ad
, C
ac
, C
bc
and C
bd
are direct capacitances between conductors.
D.2 Characteristic impedance equation
The characteristic impedance, in ohms, is calculated using the Equation (D.3):
jwC G
jwL R
Y
Z
+
+
= =
0
0
1
(D.3)
where
Y
o
=characteristic admittance of line in S
R = resistance of line in /loop unit length
G = conductance of line in S/unit length
L = inductance of line in H/loop unit length
C = capacitance of line in F/unit length
= frequency in radians per second


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