ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) refers to a set of

communication protocols proposed by telephone companies to permit
telephone networks to carry data, voice, and other source traffic. ISDN was
developed to use the existin telephone wirin system yet increase access
speeds up to !"# kbps.
$emote node method % the users connect to the local &'N at the central site
for the duration of the call. 'side from havin a lower%speed connection, the
user sees the same environment the local user sees.
$emote user appears to be a local network node
(onnection to the &'N is typically throuh an access server
ISDN is a set of standards that define an end%to%end diital network)
Developed by the telephone companies with the intention of creatin a
totally diital network
*nd%to%end diital network for data, fax, voice, and video
+ost common data link encapsulation is ,,, (althouh default is -D&()
*ach ISDN interface allows only a sinle encapsulation type
'll ma.or routin protocols can use ISDN
(an carry any network%layer protocols re/uired to multiple
destinations
ISDN devices include the followin)
0erminal */uipment ! (0*!)
Desinates a device that is compatible with the ISDN network
0erminal */uipment " (0*")
Desinates a device that is not compatible with ISDN and re/uires a
0erminal 'dapter
0erminal 'dapter (0')
(onverts standard electrical sinals into the form used by ISDN so
that non%ISDN devices can connect to the ISDN network
Network 0ermination 0ype ! (N0!)
(onnects 1%wire ISDN subscriber wirin (S20) to the conventional "%
wire local loop facility (3)
Network 0ermination 0ype " (N0")
Directs traffic to and from different subscriber devices and the N0!.
0he N0" is an intellient device that performs switchin and
concentratin
ISDN Services:
BRI % 4asic $ate Interface (5 channels "46D)
o 0wo 71 kbps (bearer) 4 channels
o 8ne !7 kbps (sinalin data) D channel (for &',D)
PRI % ,rimary $ate Interface (0!2*!)
o "5 (0!) or 59 (*!) 4 channels
o 8ne 71 kbps (sinalin) D channel
ISDN Interface Reference Points:
S/T interface % defines the interface between a 0*! and an N0. 0he
S20 is also used to define the 0'%to%N0 interface.
o S % $eferences the points that connect into the N0", or
customer switchin device. It is the interface that enables calls
between the various customer premises e/uipment.
o T % *lectrically identical to the S interface, it references the
outbound connection from the N0" to the ISDN network.
o 0he electrical similarities between the S and 0 references is
why some interfaces are labeled S20 interface, because
althouh they perform totally different functions, the port is
the same electrically and can be used for either function.
R interface % defines the interface between a 0*" and the 0'.
o $eferences the point (connection) that is between a non%ISDN
compatible device and a terminal adapter.
U interface % defines the "%wire interface between the N0! and the
ISDN network owned by the phone company
Customer remises e!uiment ((,*) % 0erminatin e/uipment, such as
terminals, telephones, and modems, supplied by the telephone company,
installed at customer sites, and connected to the telephone company
network.
Service Profile Identifier (S,ID) % Number that some service providers use
to define the services to which an ISDN device subscribes. 0he ISDN
device uses the S,ID when accessin the switch that initiali:es the
connection to a service provider. (can look like phone numbers)
Identify you to the switch at the central office ((8)
S,IDs are processed durin each call setup operation
Central office ((8) % &ocal telephone company office to which all local loops
in a iven area connect and in which circuit switchin of subscriber lines
occurs.
Dial"on"Demand Routing (DD$) % 0echni/ue whereby a (isco router can
automatically initiate and close a circuit%switched session as transmittin
stations demand. 0he router spoofs keepalives so that end stations treat
the session as active. DD$ permits routin over ISDN or telephone lines
usin an external ISDN terminal adaptor or modem.
ISDN and t#e $SI %odel
1. ,hysical layer % 0he ISDN 4asic $ate Interface (4$I) physical layer
specification is defined in International 0elecommunication 3nion
0elecommunication Standardi:ation Sector (I03%0) I.159. the ISDN
,rimary $ate Interface (,$I) physical layer specification is defined in
I03%0 I.15!.
2. Data link layer % 0he ISDN datalink layer specification is based on
&ink 'ccess ,rocedure on the D channel (&',D) and is formally
specified in I03%0 ;.<"9 and I03%0 ;.<"!.
3. Network layer % 0he ISDN network layer is defined in I03%0 I.1=9
(also known as I03%0 ;.<59) and I03%0 I.1=! (also known as I03%0
;.<5!). 0oether these two standards specify user%to user, circuit%
switched, and packet%switched connections.
Circuit switc#ing % Switchin system in which a dedicated physical circuit
path must exist between sender and receiver for the duration of the >call.>
3sed heavily in the telephone company network.
Packet switc#ing % Networkin method in which nodes share bandwidth with
each other by sendin packets.
ISDN rotocols are orani:ed accordin to the followin topic areas)
,rotocols that bein with >&> recommend telephone network standards
for ISDN. ?or example, the *.!71 protocol describes international
addressin for ISDN.
,rotocols that bein with >I> deal with concepts, terminoloy, and
eneral methods. 0he I.!99 series includes eneral ISDN concepts
and the structure of other I%series recommendations@ I."99 deals
with service aspects of ISDN@ I.599 describes network aspects@
I.199 describes how the 3ser%Network Interface (3NI) is provided.
,rotocols beinnin with >'> cover how switchin and sinalin should
operate. 0he term AsinalinA in this context means the process of call
set used. ;.<"! describes the ISDN data%link processes of &',D,
which functions like &ayer " processes in the 8SI reference model.
;.<5! specifies IS828SI reference model &ayer 5 functions.
ISDN Configuration tasks:
!. Blobal (onfiuration %
o Select switch type (must matches the ISDN providerAs switch)
o Specify traffic to trier DD$ call
". Interface (onfiuration %
o Select interface specifications
o (onfiure ISDN addressin
5. 8ptional ?eature (onfiuration
Router(config)# isdn switch-type 'switch-type'
specifies the type of ISDN switch with which the router
communicates
o basic%=ess % '0C0 basic rate switches (3S')
o basic%dms!99 % N0 D+S%!99
o basic%ni! % National ISDN%! (North 'merica)
o basic%!tr7 % Berman !0$7 ISDN switches
o basic%ts9!5 % 'ustralian 0S9!5 switches
o basic%net5 % Switch type for Net5 in 3nited Dindom and
*urope
o ntt % N00 ISDN switch Eapan
o none % No specific switch specified
8ther line confiuration re/uirements vary for specific providers
Router(config)# interface bri interface-number
Selects the interface for ISDN 4$I operation
Router(config-if)# encapsulation [ppp|hdlc]
Selects framin for ISDN 4$I
Router(config-if)# isdn spid1 spid-number [ldn]
Sets a 4 channel Service ,rofile Identifier (S,ID) re/uired by many
service providers
ldn % local dial number (optional)
Router(config-if)# isdn spid2 spid-number [ldn]
Seta a S,ID for the second 4 channel
ISDN BRI Simle Configuration &(amle
! Set up switch type, static route and dialer for ISDN
! on Cisco A isdn switch-type basic-5ess
! Selects the ATT switch as the C! ISDN switch type
! for this router"
!
ip route 12!1"!2#!$!2%%!2%%!2%%!$ 12!1"!12"!2
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
! Associates per#itted I$ traffic with the dialer %roup &"
! The router will not start an ISDN call for any other pac'et
! traffic with dialer %roup &"
!
! confi%ure ()I interface for $$$*
! set address and #as' interface bri +
! Selects interface with TA and other ISDN functions
! on the router"
&
encapsulation ppp
! ,se $$$ encapsulation on the selected interface"
!
ip address 12!1"!12"!1 2%%!2%%!2%%!$
!
! refer to protocols in dialer-list to identify interestin%
! pac'ets dialer-%roup &
! Associates the ()I + interface with dialin% access %roup &"
!
! select call start, stop, and other ISDN pro-ider details
!
dialer wait-for-carrier-time 1%
! Specifies a &5-second #a.i#u# ti#e for the pro-ider to
! respond once the call initiates"
!
dialer idle-timeout 1$$$
! Nu#ber of seconds of idle ti#e before the router drops
! the ISDN call" Note that a lon% duration is confi%ured to
! delay ter#ination"
!
isdn spid1 $1'%"(#12
! call setup details for router
!
dialer map ip 12!1"!12"!2 name cisco-b ''%
! Co##and Description
! ip Na#e of protocol"
! &/0"&1"&01"0 Destination address"
! na#e An identification for the re#ote side router"
! )efers to called router"
! 225 ISDN connection nu#ber used to reach this
! DD) destination"
)erif*ing ISDN oeration
Router# ping or telnet
0riers a link (assumin it is a part on interestin traffic)
Router# show dialer
Displays current status of link, includin amount of time link is
connected
Router# show isdn acti)e
Fhen usin ISDN, displays call status while call is in proress
Router# show isdn status
Displays the status of an ISDN connection
Router# show ip route
Displays all routes, includin static routes
Router# debud *#21
Gerifies that you have a connection to the ISDN switch
Router# debug dialer
Shows call setup and teardown activity
Router# clear interface
(lears currently established connections