SECTION 22 - ROAD FURNITURE

22.1 CORRUGATED SHEET STEEL BEAM HIGHWAY GUARDRAIL

22.1.1 Description
This work shall comprise the supply and installation of corrugated sheet
steel beam highway guardrails inclusive of bolts, nuts, posts and other
ancillary works, all in accordance with this specification, and the drawings,
and as directed by the S.O.
22.1.2 Mteri!s
22.1.2.1 Beam Element
Unless otherwise specified on the drawings, corrugated sheet steel beam
highway guardrails shall conform to the reuirements of !!S"TO
Specification #1$% for &lass '!' Type (( )galvanised* guardrail with
effective length of beam +$1%mm )12 feet , inches*. -uardrails shall be
fabricated and furnished complete with terminal or buffer sections,
connecting and splicing bolts, nuts and washers, etc., all conforming to the
reuirements of !!S"TO Specification #1$% and as necessary for
erecting the guardrails as shown on the drawings or as reuired by the S.O.
22.1.2.2 Posts
)a* Steel Posts
Steel posts shall be channel sections of dimensions as shown on the
drawings and the material shall conform to ..S. //0 1art 1 -rade /+. The
block2out pieces, if used, shall be channel sections of dimensions as shown
on the drawings and shall be of the same material as that used for the
posts. .oth the posts and block2out pieces shall be hot2dip galvanised in
accordance with Sub2Section 22.12.1.
)b* Timber Posts
Timber posts and block2out pieces shall be of medium hardwood )e3cept
the species #erpauh and 4engas* as classified by the #alaysian Timber
(ndustry .oard in its publication '#alaysian "ardwood', and shall be
treated according to #.S. 5++. The preservative retention in the outermost
26mm shall not be less than 1, kg per cubic metre. "eavy hardwood can
also be used as an alternative with the approval of the S.O.
-uardrail timber posts and block2out pieces shall be of the dimensions as
shown on the drawings. The fibres of the block should run in the same
direction as those of the post. The post shall be sound and free from loose
knots or decay with no cracks at the top. !ll cut faces shall be smooth and
suare as shown on the drawings.
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!ll timber components shall be cut and drilled before treatment with
preservative.
22.1.+ Inst!!tion O" G#r$ri!s
22.1.+.1 Setting Posts (Timber or Steel)
.efore posts are erected, the alignment and finished levels of the guardrails
shall be set accurately on site for approval by the S.O.
1ost holes at the correct positions shall be dug either manually or
mechanically to the reuired level. The posts shall then be set plumb in the
holes with the front face forming a smooth line to the approval of the S.O.
!fter the posts are in place, the holes shall be backfilled with grade 2%72%
concrete compacted in such a manner as not to displace the posts from
correct alignment as shown on the drawings. 1osts may be installed by
means of driving with suitable euipment if the S.O. is satisfied that the
contractor is capable of installing the post to the designed depth, line and
level, accurately.
1osts shall be spaced as indicated on the drawings.
22.1.+.2 Placing Beams
The guardrail beams shall be fi3ed and firmly bolted together with the
block2out pieces on to the post to the lines and grades as shown on the
drawings, and as directed by the S.O.
22.1.+.+ Anchorages
!nchorages shall be constructed as shown on the drawings and as directed
by the S.O.
22.1./ Mr%in& n$ Stor&e
22.1./.1 Marking
(n addition to the marking specified in !!S"TO Specification #1$%, the
894 logo shall also be marked on each beam element.
22.1./.2 Storage
!ll galvanised beam elements, terminal sections, bolts, nuts and washers
and posts shall be stored under a cover that will protect them from rain
until they are erected or used. :hile in storage, the material shall not be in
direct contact with the soil and there shall be minimum space of +%% mm
between the lowest most elements and the ground surface.
22.1.6 Bsis o" Acceptnce
22.1.6.1 Beam Elements
S2272
!ll material shall be sub;ected to inspection and sampling in accordance
with !!S"TO Specification #1$% at a sampling rate of 1 in every 2%%
or as directed by the S.O.
The contractor shall provide and arrange the testing facilities and the test
pieces as and when reuested by the S.O. The cost of all sampling and
testing shall be borne by the contractor. (f, in the subseuent installation,
there is detection of non2compliance with the reuirements of this
specification through random sampling carried out by the S.O., then the
material of the lot will be re;ected and the contractor shall remove the same
from the site at his own cost.
22.1.6.2 Posts and Block-Outs
)a* Steel
<or each lot of 2%% pieces or less of either steel posts or steel block2outs
supplied to the site, the contractor shall submit certificates from an
approved testing laboratory certifying compliance with the properties
reuired and the mill certificate. "owever, the S.O. reserves the right to
conduct further tests on the materials supplied.
The contractor shall provide and arrange the testing facilities and test
samples at his own e3pense as and when instructed by the S.O. The steel
which has been re;ected by the S.O. shall be removed from the site.
)b* Timber
<or each lot of 2%% pieces or less of either timber posts or timber block2
outs supplied to the site, the contractor shall submit a test report from an
approved testing laboratory certifying compliance with specified timber
species and other ualities. "owever, the S.O. reserves the right to
conduct further tests on the materials supplied.
22.2 TRAFFIC SIGNS
22.2.1 Description
This work shall consist of the supply, assembly, erection and installation of
sign faces, sign plates, posts and backing frames, all in accordance with the
details shown on the drawings and as specified herein. (t shall include all
e3cavation and backfilling, all necessary foundations, anchorages, fi3tures
and fastenings, brackets, lighting units and electrical installations where
reuired, application of paints and finishes, etc., to complete the work all
to the satisfaction of the S.O.
22.2.2 Si&n De"initions
<or the purpose of this specification, traffic signs are defined as follows =2
S227+
i* >on2illuminated signs are those signs which are not lit either
internally or e3ternally and shall be retro2reflective?
ii* @3ternally illuminated signs are those which comprise either retro2
reflective or non2retro2reflective facing with e3ternal lighting
luminaire.
22.2.+ Si&n C!ssi"iction
<or the purpose of this specification, the following classifications shall
apply =2
)a* Permanent Traffic Signs
!ny of the traffic signs defined in Sub2Section 22.2.2. above or
any part thereof as designated on the drawings or as directed by
the S.O. to remain in position upon completion of the works.
)b* Temporary Traffic Signs
!ny of the traffic signs defined in Sub2Section 22.2.2 above or
any part thereof designed by the contractor with the approval of
the S.O. which will not remain in position at the completion of the
works.
22.2./ Stn$r$s
!ll traffic signs shall, e3cept where specified otherwise, comply with the
reuirements of !4!"!> T@9>(9 )8!A!>* Series 2, published by
&awangan 8alan, (bu 1e;abat 894, 9uala Aumpur.
22.2.6 'er(nent Tr""ic Si&ns
22.2.6.1 General Reuirements
1ermanent traffic signs shall be constructed, assembled, located and
erected as shown on the drawings or as directed by the S.O.
@ach complete traffic sign or part thereof shall be capable of passing the
tests specified in ..S. $5+.
!ll e3ternally illuminated traffic signs shall comply with &ategory 1
luminance of ..S. $5+ unless otherwise shown on the drawings.
.efore the commencement of fabrication of any traffic sign, unless
otherwise shown on the drawings, the contractor shall submit for the S.OBs
approval the details of fabrication drawings for all signs.
!ll traffic sign housings shall be provided with vandal and weather resistant
locks. 9eys, in the uantities determined by the S.O. shall be provided to
the S.O. Types of lock shall be kept to a minimum.
S227/
Traffic signs shall be carefully handled to prevent damage )methods shall
include the use of proper slings*, and shall be transported and stored in
accordance with the manufacturerBs instructions.
22.2.6.2 !oundations
The type and siCe of foundations for permanent traffic signs shall be as
shown on the drawings and, unless otherwise stated therein, shall comply
with this specification.
!ll e3cavations, erection of formworks, placing of reinforcement, etc., for
foundations shall be carried out in compliance with this specification and
shall be approved by the S.O. before placing of concrete and backfilling.
Unless otherwise shown on the drawings, signs supported by a single post
placed in the ground shall have the post installed centrally in +%% mm
diameter holes filled with grade 2%72% concrete complying with Section 0
of this specification to within /6% mm of the ground surface. The hole
shall be e3cavated either mechanically or manually.
1osts shall be supported for a minimum of three )+* days after placing the
concrete. .ackfilling shall not take place until at least /$ hours after
placing the concrete, or other period agreed by the S.O.
:here signs are illuminated, provision shall be made for cable entry
through the foundation by means of ducting as shown on the drawings.
:here pockets are formed in concrete foundations their plan dimensions
shall be 1%% mm larger than those of the post.
!ll backfilling of foundation pits and reinstatement of e3isting surfaces
above the foundations shall comply with the relevant reuirements of this
specification.
22.2.6.+ Posts
1osts for permanent traffic signs shall be as shown on the drawings and
shall comply with ..S. $5+.
1osts shall be of tubular hollow section steel of not less than 6% mm
outside diameter complying with ..S. 1+$5.
Unless otherwise shown on the drawings, posts shall not protrude above
the top of the sign unless supporting an e3ternal luminaire where the
protrusion shall be kept to a minimum.
Signs erected on a single post shall be positioned so that the post is in the
centre of the signs, unless otherwise shown on the drawings.
S2276
&ompartments for electrical euipment shall be as shown on the drawings.
(n the case of signs supported by more than one post, such compartments
shall be on the post furthest from the carriageway unless otherwise
directed by the S.O.
<lange plates shall have holes or slots as shown on the drawings to
accommodate any holding down bolts.
22.2.6./ Sign Plates
!ll permanent sign plates shall be as shown on the drawings and shall
comply with ..S. $5+. Sign plates shall be made of 1% S.:.-. sheets of
aluminum alloy "S +%2:1 conforming to ..S. 1/5% with a minimum
thickness of + mm.
! sign plate not e3ceeding 1.2 m in height and 2./ m in width shall be
made from a single sheet.
:here more than one sheet is used to make up a sign plate, the sheets shall
be rectangular, of appro3imately the same siCe and shape, and the position
of the ;oints shall be to the approval of the S.O.
Sign plates shall be drilled at all locations where rivets or bolts are reuired
for attaching the plate to the backing frame or fi3ings before application of
the sign face. "owever, riveting shall be carried out only after the
application of the sign face.
Sub;ect to the S.OBs approval, double sided DEery "igh .ondF )E."...*
tapes may be used as an alternative to rivets. >evertheless, the tape shall
comply with the following reuirements =2
i* 1eel !dhesion 2 //% > per 1%% mm?
ii* Tensile !dhesion 2 01% k1a?
iii* Gynamic Shear 2 66% k1a?
:here top and bottom light spill screens are reuired as shown on the
drawings, these shall e3tend for the whole width of the sign, be fabricated
out of the same material as the sign plate and shall have corners cut to the
same radius as the other corners of the sign plate.
Top and bottom light spill screens shall be considered part of the sign plate
and any stiffeners and mounting fittings shall be designed to accommodate
the combined siCe.
22.2.6.6 Sign !aces
Sign faces for permanent traffic signs shall be as shown on the drawings
and shall comply with the HGraft #alaysian Standard Specification for
S227,
4eflective Sign <ace #aterialsB )S(4(# 4eference G111 I(S&<J*, and on
replacement of this draft, the respective #alaysian Standard Specification.
!ll retro2reflective plastic sheeting shall be fi3ed in accordance with the
manufacturerBs instructions.
Unless otherwise agreed by the S.O., sign faces shall be formed from a
single piece of plastic sheeting.
:here, with the agreement of the S.O., more than one plastic sheet is used,
the number of sheets shall be kept to a minimum. !ll faces up to 1 m in
siCe shall be produced with a single sheet and no ;oint will be accepted.
Only vertical and horiContal ;oints shall be permitted and all ;oints in plastic
sheeting shall be overlapped by not less than , mm. The overlap in the
horiContal ;oints shall be from the top and the vertical ;oints shall be from
the left? butt ;oints in plastic sheeting will not be accepted.
1lastic sheeting shall be applied evenly over the whole surface of the sign
plate and shall adhere fully. (t shall be free from twists, cracks, folds or
cuts, air bubbles and other blemishes.
!ll plastic sheetings used on the same sign shall be carefully matched for
colour to produce a uniform appearance both by day and by night. >on2
uniform shades of colour on any one sign will not be accepted.
The edges of all plastic sheeting shall be sealed. @dge sealing shall be
continuous and uniform and shall also be applied to all bolt and rivet holes.
! coat of clear lacuer shall be applied to the whole of the face and edges
of each finished sign plate at the time of fabrication. The lacuer shall be
continuous and uniform and shall be of the type specified or supplied by
the manufacturer of the sheeting material.
:here sheeting is applied to e3truded sections by pressure roller, it shall
e3tend over the top and bottom edges of these sections by not less than +
mm.
!ny cut2out letters, numerals, symbols and borders shall be of material
compatible with the sheeting to which they are applied. They shall be
applied in accordance with the sheeting manufacturerBs instructions.
Screen processed letters, numerals, symbols and borders shall be screen
printed with materials in accordance with the sheeting manufacturerBs
instructions. !ny inks, pastes and finishing coats used shall be compatible
with the sheeting material.
The finish of all sign faces shall be capable of passing the tests described in
..S. $5+, and the standards of fabrication and workmanship shall be such
that under normal conditions of service and proper maintenance, the sign
faces shall last not less than 6 years without any serious blemishes or
S2275
defects for @ngineering -rade retro2reflective sheeting and $ years for
"igh (ntensity retro2reflective sheeting. The contractor shall furnish to the
S.O. a letter of warranty for the specified period for all sign faces from the
supplier of the sheeting or the sign fabricator.
22.2.6., Backing !rames
.acking frames for permanent traffic signs shall be as shown on the
drawings and shall comply with this specification.
Signs e3ceeding ,%% mm in height or width shall be stiffened by means of
angles while signs e3ceeding 1 m in height or width shall have a backing
frame fabricated from /% mm 3 /% mm 3 + mm angles. The angles used for
the backing frames shall be made from aluminium alloy "@02T@
conforming to ..S. 1/5/.
The angles shall be welded, bolted or riveted together to form the backing
frames as shown on the drawings.
.acking frames shall not pro;ect beyond the face of the sign.
:here large signs are built in sections, the backing frames of these sections
shall be bolted together with $ m diameter bolts at not more than 2%% mm
centres.
The details of ;oints between angles of the backing frame and of ;oints
between sections of large signs shall be to the approval of the S.O.
The sign plate shall be riveted or bonded with double sided E."... tape to
the backing frame after the application of the sign face.
22.2.6.5 "onstruction and Assembl#
Traffic signs shall be constructed and assembled as shown on the drawings
and shall comply with ..S. $5+.
!ll sign plates, backing frames, purlins, posts and other components shall
be de2burred prior to assembly.
:here framing and stiffening are not an integral part of the sign plate, their
;oints shall be welded or ;oined with suitable brackets utilising nuts, bolts
and washers.
:here purlins are adopted, they shall be attached to each vertical member
of the backing frame and the sign stiffening and framing shall be continuous
in the vertical direction. Unless otherwise permitted by the S.O., purlins
shall be spaced eually apart. &onnections shall be made at every point
where a purlin crosses a post.
:here purlins are not adopted, the sign stiffening and framing shall be
continuous in the horiContal direction.
S227$
!ll rivets and other devices used in the fi3ing of sign plates to their
stiffeners or backing frames, or those used in the construction of housings,
shall be of a material compatible with the materials being ;oined.
Spacing of rivets or other devices used in the fi3ing of sign plates to their
stiffeners or backing frames shall be uniform and shall not e3ceed 16% mm
around the outside edge of any sheet or section of a sheet, and shall not
e3ceed +%% mm on cross braces. "ollow rivets shall be filled with a plastic
plug flush with the head of the rivet.
!n additional washer of neoprene, nylon or other material approved by the
S.O. shall be used against the sign face to protect it from the effects of any
metal nuts, bolts, washers and7or screws.
:here traffic signs, including e3ternal lighting luminaires or their supports,
are reuired to have holding down bolt fi3ings, the bolts shall be lightly
greased before final installation and they and their anchorages shall be
installed so as to achieve the loadings, torue settings and reuirements
shown on the drawings.
Sign plates shall be connected to posts by a method approved by the S.O.
.anding systems shall beof stainless steel.
:here ferrous components are permitted, any drilling of such components
shall be completed before the application of any finish.
!ny hole drilled to accommodate rivets or bolts in plates with plastic
sheeting shall, immediately prior to the insertion of the rivet or bolt, have a
clear lacuer, as recommended by the manufacturer of the plastic sheeting,
applied to its edge to prevent the ingress of moisture. The surfaces of
rivets or bolts e3posed on the sign face shall be coloured by a material
approved by the S.O. to match that part of the face.
Traffic signs to be erected on road lighting columns shall have fi3ings
compatible with the column cross2section and finish. Unless otherwise
permitted by the S.O., columns shall not be drilled and wiring shall be
contained in approved e3ternal conduits.
(n addition to the reuirements of this specification, variable message
traffic signs shall be of a type approved by the relevant authorities.
22.2.6.$ $ocation and Erection
The appro3imate location of each permanent traffic sign shall be as shown
on the drawings. !ll traffic signs shall have their e3act location determined
by the S.O. and recorded on the as2built drawings.
!ll posts shall be erected plumb and where two or more posts are provided
for any one sign, the face of the posts shall be lined up.
S2270
Signs erected on two posts shall have each post positioned so that the
distance from the centre of the post to the edge of the sign plate is +%% mm
unless otherwise directed by the S.O.
!ny pockets formed in concrete foundations to receive the posts shall
immediately prior to erection be cleaned out. The posts shall be placed
centrally in the pockets and be bedded on and filled up to finished
foundation level with grade 2%72% concrete.
Traffic signs mounted on posts, e3cept those on gantries, shall be erected
to have their faces plumb and orientated in relation to the carriageway in
accordance with !4!"!> T@9>(9 )8!A!>* 2.7$6.
Traffic signs mounted on gantries shall be erected as shown on the
drawings.
>o traffic sign shall be dismantled, resited or removed without prior
approval from the S.O.
22.2.6.0 "o%ering o& Permanent Tra&&ic Signs
:here it is reuired in the contract that permanent traffic signs are to be
blanked2out or are to have an alternative message, the covering to be
adopted shall comply with the following reuirements.
The covering shall be 1.6 mm )1, S.:.-.* thick made from a material
compatible with that of the sign plate, or a material approved by the S.O.
&over plates shall be fi3ed by means of 6 mm diameter stainless steel bolts,
washers and nuts or non2ferrous rivets not more than ,%% mm apart, the
bolts passing through 12 mm diameter, 6 mm thick plastic distance pieces
between the sign face and cover plate. !ny holes remaining in the finished
sign face shall be filled with blocked rivets coloured on the face by
methods approved by the S.O.
:here self2adhesive plastic film is used, it shall be compatible with the sign
face materials and be applied and removed in compliance with the
manufacturerBs instructions.
!ny loose covering used must be sufficiently opaue to prevent reflection
from the covered sign and be securely fastened to the back of the sign.
Under no circumstances shall tape or other adhesive material be applied to
the face of the sign. ! minimum space of 6% mm shall be left between the
covering and the face to permit airflow over the sign.
Traffic signs which are to be covered shall not be erected on trafficked
highways without the covering in place.
4emoval of any covering shall be carried out with minimum disturbance to
traffic and only after the S.O. has given his approval.
S2271%
(rrespective of any reuirement in the contract to cover signs, any traffic
sign erected at such a time that its legend does not relate either wholly or
in part to the traffic movement and route in operation, shall have its sign
face securely covered with one of the materials described above until such
time as the S.O. authorises its removal.
22.2., Te(porr) Tr""ic Si&ns
Temporary traffic signs shall be constructed either as non2illuminated or
e3ternally illuminated signs as directed by the S.O.
Aocation and erection of temporally traffic signs shall be in accordance
with !4!"!> T@9>(9 )8!A!>* 2&7$6. @rection of temporary traffic
signs mounted on posts shall comply with Sub2Section 22.2.6.$.
!ny temporary covering of temporary traffic signs shall comply with Sub2
Section 22.2.6.0.
4emoval of temporary traffic signs shall be carried out as soon as they
become superfluous or a haCard to traffic. #ethods of removal and
making good shall be submitted to the S.O. for approval beforehand.
#aking good shall be carried out immediately after removal of the traffic
sign to the satisfaction of the S.O.
22.2.5 Tr""ic Si&n On Gntries
:here traffic signs are erected on gantries, the signs shall comply with the
relevant reuirements of this specification.
<abrication and construction of gantries shall be as shown on the drawings
and as directed by the S.O.
22.2.$ 'reprtion n$ Finis* O" Met! n$ Ot*er S#r"ces
Traffic signs shall be prepared, protected against corrosion and finished in
compliance with ..S. $5+.
<aces of sign plates shall be prepared to receive sign face materials in
compliance with ..S. $5+ and in accordance with the manufacturerBs
recommendations.
Steel backing frames, fittings and purlins shall be prepared and protected in
compliance with ..S. $5+.
Steel posts and post housings shall be prepared and protected in
compliance with ..S. $5+.
.acks of aluminium or aluminium alloy sheets forming plate signs and
e3ternal parts of luminaire housings and other permanently e3posed
S22711
components shall, to prevent retro2reflection, be dulled with paint using a
method approved by the S.O.
<errous steel shall be finished both inside and out by galvanising, electro2
plating or application of Cinc or aluminium spray or other euivalent finish
approved by the S.O. !luminium and other metals shall be left untreated
unless otherwise shown on the drawings.
Unless otherwise shown on the drawings, stainless steel shall be left
untreated e3cept where the component is visible against the sign face when
it shall be coloured on the face by methods approved by the S.O.
@3ternal surfaces shall be prepared and protected as described in the
contract. &abinets and feeder pillars shall have final coats of paint applied
on site after final installation, including the fitting of any internal apparatus
reuired as part of the permanent works. (nternal surfaces shall, unless
otherwise shown on the drawings, receive the same treatment as for
e3ternal surfaces e3cept that final paint coats shall be applied before
internal components are installed.
22.+ ROAD MAR+INGS
22.+.1 Description
This work shall consists of the supply of road marking material and its
application to form continuous or intermittent lines, letters, arrows,
symbols or figures. The markings shall be white or yellow laid to the
dimensions and at the locations shown on the drawings and as specified
herein or as directed by the S.O. The work includes the supply of all
labour, tools, euipment, materials, and warning and traffic guidance signs
as necessary for the safe and efficient completion of the entire work.
22.+.2 Ro$ Mr%in& Mteri!s
The marking material shall be one of the types detailed below as indicated
on the drawings or as directed by the S.O.
)a* Thermoplastic Material
Thermoplastic material shall comply with the reuirements of ..S.+2,2
1art 1. Kellow thermoplastic material shall be of standard colour ..S.
+$1& >o. +6, )-olden Kellow*.
)b* Road Marking Paint
4oad marking paint shall comply with the reuirements of #.S. 1,/.
Kellow paint shall be of standard colour ..S. +$1& >o. +6, )-olden
Kellow*.
22.+.+ 'reprtion o" Site
S22712
Thermoplastic material and road marking paint shall be applied only on a
surface which is clean and dry. (t shall not be laid over loose detritus, mud
or e3traneous matter or over old material or paint marking incompatible
with the paint being applied.
! tack coat compatible with the marking material shall be applied in
accordance with manufacturerBs instructions prior to the application of
thermoplastic material.
(f a primer or undercoat is necessary to ensure proper adhesion of the
marking paint to the road surface without bleeding or other discoloration,
the primer or undercoat shall be fully compatible with the marking paint
and the road surface. The rate of application of tack coat, primer or
undercoat shall be in accordance with the manufacturerBs instructions and
to the satisfaction of the S.O.
22.+./ 'reprtion o" Mteri! on Site
)a* Thermoplastic Material
Thermoplastic material shall be supplied in block or powder form. (f the
material is supplied in block form it shall be broken into pieces, each
weighing not more than / kg. which shall be melted in a heater fitted with a
mechanical stirrer to prevent local overheating.
! thermometer of sufficient accuracy shall be used during laying to ensure
that overheating of the material does not occur.
Once molten hydrocarbon resins shall be used within , hours and wood
and gum resins shall be used within / hours. The material shall not be
heated beyond the manufacturerBs specified temperature during application.
@3cess material shall be discarded on completion of application.
)b* Road Marking Paint
!ll paint shall be thoroughly stirred before application to keep the
pigments in uniform suspension. The use of thinners or other additives
shall not be permitted unless otherwise approved by the S.O.
22.+.6 L)in&
&entre lines, lane lines and edge lines shall be marked by approved
mechanical means or as directed by the S.O. Other markings shall be
applied by brush, spray, screed, hand2propelled or self2propelled machine
according to the marking configuration and the type of marking material
approved for use. The rate of application of the marking material for each
coat shall be that recommended by the manufacturer unless otherwise
specified. :hen more than one coat is used, the succeeding coat shall not
be applied until the previous coat has fully set.
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4oad markings of a repetitive nature other than centre lines, lane lines,
etc., shall, unless otherwise decided by the S.O., be set out with stencils
which comply with the siCe and spacing reuirements as shown on the
drawings.
22.+., 'rotection o" Mr%in&s
!ll markings shall be protected from traffic until they have dried
sufficiently so that no pick2up by vehicle tyre will occur.
22.+.5 Re"!ectoristion
Solid glass beads to be incorporated in marking materials prior to
application to road surfaces shall be &lass H!B glass beads complying with
the reuirements of Table 1 of ..S. ,%$$ )see Table 22.1*.
Solid glass beads for additional surface reflectorisation shall be &lass H.B
glass beads complying with the reuirements of Table 2 of ..S. ,%$$ )see
Table 22.2*.
22.+.$ T*ic%ness
The determination of thickness shall be in accordance with ..S. +2,2 1art
+, !ppendices . and &.
TABLE 22,- - CLASS .A/ GLASS BEADS 0 'ARTICLE SI1E
DISTRIBUTION2 ROUNDNESS AND DEFECTS
..S.
Sieve
1ercentage
4etained
#in. L Spherical .eads
by mass as tested
in accordance with
!ppendi3 &
#a3. L Gefective .eads
as tested
in accordance with
!ppendi3 G

1.1$ mm
$6% um
/26 um

% to +
% to 1%
0% to 1%%


5% +%
TABLE 22,2 - CLASS .B/ GLASS BEADS 0 'ARTICLE SI1E
DISTRIBUTION2 ROUNDNESS AND DEFECTS
..S.
Sieve
)um*
1ercentage
4etained
#in. L Spherical .eads
by mass as tested
in accordance with
!ppendi3 &
#a3. L Gefective .eads
as tested
in accordance with
!ppendi3 G
$6%
$%%
+%%
1$%
% to 6
6 to 2%
+% to 56
1% to +%
$% 2%
S2271/
.elow
1$%
% to 16
)a* Thermo'lastic Material
Thermoplastic material shall be laid to the following thickness =2
i* for synthetic hydrocarbon resin binder -
2 screed lines = not less than 2 mm nor more than 6 mm?
2 sprayed lines other than yellow lines = not less than 1.6
mm?
2 sprayed yellow edge lines )for Hno parkingB, Hno waitingB,
etc.*= not less than %.$ mm.
ii* for gum or wood resin binders =2
2 screed lines = not less than + mm not more than 6 mm?
2 sprayed lines other than yellow lines = not less than 2
mm?
2 sprayed yellow edge lines )for Hno parkingB, Hno waitingB,
etc.*= not less than 2 mm nor more than + mm
)b* Road Marking Paint
4oad marking paint shall be laid to give a wet film thickness of
not less than +16 microns and not more than /%% microns.
22.+.0 To!ernce on Wi$t*
The tolerance on the specified width of the marking shall be within the
range of M 1%L and minus %L.
22.+.1% De"ecti3e Mteri!s or Wor%(ns*ip
#aterials which are defective or which have been applied in an
unsatisfactory manner or to incorrect dimensions or in a wrong location,
shall be removed by approved chemical or mechanical means. To the
e3tent necessary, the road pavement shall be made good and the markings
reapplied all at the contractorBs own e3pense and to the approval of the
S.O.
:here directed by the S.O., e3isting markings shall be removed in the
same manner as above.
S22716
22.+.11 C!erin& Up
The contractor shall clean up all spatters, splashes and smirches of marking
material completely to the satisfaction of the S.O.
22./ CONCRETE +ERB
22./.1 Description
This work shall consist of the supply and installation of cast in situ or
precast concrete kerbs constructed at the locations and in accordance with
the lines, levels, grades, dimensions and types as shown on the drawings,
all in accordance with this specification.
22./.2 Mteri!s
&oncrete for kerb sections shall be grade 2672% concrete unless otherwise
indicated on the drawings and shall conform to the reuirements of Section
0 of this specification.
Unless otherwise shown on the drawings, bedding shall be grade 1%726
concrete.
22./.+ Inst!!tion o" +er4s
22./.+.1 E(ca%ation
@3cavation shall be made to the reuired depth and the base shall be
trimmed and compacted to a firm and even surface. !ll soft and unsuitable
material shall be removed and replaced with suitable material as defined in
Section 2 of this specification. The bedding material shall then be placed
and compacted to form a bed of reuired thickness as shown on the
drawings.
22./.+.2 "ast )n Situ *erb
:hen a cast in situ kerb is placed ne3t to a concrete pavement, e3pansion
;oints in the kerb shall be located in line with e3pansion ;oints in the
pavement. @3pansion ;oints shall be formed at the intervals shown on the
drawings using preformed filler 1% mm in thickness in accordance with the
specification for the pavement ;oint filler.
&oncreting shall generally be in accordance with the reuirements of
Section 0 of this specification. <orms shall not be removed within 2/
hours of the concrete being placed. #inor defects shall be repaired with
mortar containing 1 part 1ortland cement to 2 parts sand.
!fter placing and compaction, the concrete shall be covered with suitable
material and kept moist for a period of 5 days.
S2271,
22./.+.+ Precast "oncrete *erb
1recast concrete kerbs shall be cast using steel moulds and shall be of the
types as shown on the drawings.
@ach kerb shall be set so that its front top arris conforms to the line and
grade reuired. !ll spaces under the kerb shall be filled with bedding
material which shall be thoroughly tamped.
9erbs shall be laid with ;oints as narrow as possible and filled with mortar
containing 1 part 1ortland cement to 2 parts sand. :here a 1ortland
cement concrete pavement is to be constructed contiguous to a kerb,
e3pansion ;oints shall be constructed in the kerb directly in line with
pavement e3pansion ;oints. The e3pansion ;oint in the kerb shall be 2% mm
in width and shall be filled with an e3pansion ;oint filler of the same
nominal thickness as the pavement ;oint. !ny voids between filler and the
concrete kerb shall be filled with mortar.
22./.+./ Sli'&orming &or "oncrete *erb
(n situ concrete kerbs shall be laid by an approved automatic kerbing
machine or, if practicable in the case of concrete pavements, by the
concrete paver itself. The kerbs shall be dense with regular sides, edges,
arrises and chamfers, finished to a fine surface free from blow holes and
dragging, and shall be impervious.
22./.+.6 Back&illing
The spaces in the front and back of each kerb shall be refilled to the
reuired elevation with suitable material approved by the S.O. which shall
be tamped in layers of not more than 16% mm until properly compacted.
The finished work shall be true to line, grade and level to within M 1%mm
and shall present a smooth appearance free from kinks and distortion
visible to the eye.
S22715