The English word 'cat' (Old English catt) is in origin a loanword, introduced to

many languages of Europe from Latin cattus[14] and Byzantine Greek ??tta, inclu
ding Portuguese and Spanish gato, French chat, German Katze, Lithuanian kate and
Old Church Slavonic kotka, among others.[15] The ultimate source of the word is
Afroasiatic, presumably from Late Egyptian caute,[16] the feminine of caus "wil
dcat". The word was introduced, together with the domestic animal itself, to the
Roman Republic by the first century BC.[citation needed] An alternative word wi
th cognates in many languages is English 'puss' ('pussycat'). Attested only from
the 16th century, it may have been introduced from Dutch poes or from Low Germa
n puuskatte, related to Swedish kattepus, or Norwegian pus, pusekatt. Similar fo
rms exist in Lithuanian puie and Irish puisn. The etymology of this word is unknow
n, but it may have simply arisen from a sound used to attract a cat.[17][18]

Male cat neutered at 2 years of age, with wide tomcat face
A group of cats is referred to as a "clowder" or a "glaring",[19] a male cat is
called a "tom" or "tomcat"[20] (or a "gib",[21] if neutered), an unaltered femal
e is called a "queen",[22] and a prepubescent juvenile is referred to as a "kitt
en". Although spayed females have no commonly used name, in some rare instances,
an immature or spayed female is referred to as a "molly".[citation needed] The
male progenitor of a cat, especially a pedigreed cat, is its "sire",[23] and its
female progenitor is its "dam".[24] In Early Modern English, the word 'kitten'
was interchangeable with the now-obsolete word 'catling'.[25]
A pedigreed cat is one whose ancestry is recorded by a cat fancier organization.
A purebred cat is one whose ancestry contains only individuals of the same bree
d. Many pedigreed and especially purebred cats are exhibited as show cats. Cats
of unrecorded, mixed ancestry are referred to as domestic short-haired or domest
ic long-haired cats, by coat type, or commonly as random-bred, moggies (chiefly
British), or (using terms borrowed from dog breeding) mongrels or mutt-cats.
While the African wildcat is the ancestral subspecies from which domestic cats a
re descended, and wildcats and domestic cats can completely interbreed, several
intermediate stages occur between domestic pet and pedigree cats on one hand and
those entirely wild animals on the other. The semiferal cat, a mostly outdoor c
at, is not owned by any one individual, but is generally friendly to people and
may be fed by several households. Feral cats are associated with human habitatio
n areas and may be fed by people or forage in rubbish, but are typically wary of
human interaction.