5

th
OpenFOAM Workshop, Gothenburg, Sweden, June
21-24th
, 2010
Using OpenFOAM for Tunnel Ventilation Design
Jeannine Croll, 22/06/2010
page 2
ILF Consulting Engineers
The Company was established by Mr. P. Lsser in Innsbruck, Austria
in 1967
In 1969 Mr. A. Feizlmayr joined the company, which became
Ingenieurgemeinschaft Lsser-Feizlmayr (ILF),
second office in Munich, Germany
Today ILF is a leading international, multidisciplinary engineering and
consulting firm (100% privately owned)
Using OpenFOAM for Tunnel Ventilation Design
ILF Group
page 3
Business Areas
Using OpenFOAM for Tunnel Ventilation Design
ILF Group
Production facilities for oil & gas
Pipeline systems
Tank farms and underground
storage facilities
Refineries and petrochemical
plants
Airports
Roads
Railway systems
Tunnels and caverns
Buildings and structures
Alpine engineering
Water supply
Wastewater treatment &
disposal
Waste treatment & disposal
Hydropower, dam and
river engineering
Thermal power plants
Sea water desalination plants
Renewable energy
Climate protection
Transmission and distribution
systems
page 4
Offices and Projects
Head offices in Innsbruck and Munich and more than 30 branch offices and
subsidiaries worldwide
Over 3,500 successful projects
Using OpenFOAM for Tunnel Ventilation Design
ILF Group
offices
projects
page 5
Use of OpenFOAM in the Design of Ventilation Systems
Use of 3D CFD calculations in support of conventional
1D analytical pressure loss calculations used to define
fan performance
Evaluation of 3D flow behaviour in complex road tunnel caverns
Using OpenFOAM for Tunnel Ventilation Design
3D CFD for Tunnel Ventilation Design
typical cross-
section (50m)
jet fans
jet fan niche (30m),
expanded cross-section
63.7m
lay-by (50m)
63.5m
typical cross-
section (50m)
51.2m
page 6
Bosruck Tunnel, Computation Domain
Uni-directional traffic flow in the two-lane western tube of the Bosruck Tunnel
Investigation of flow characteristics in the vicinity of working jet fans and
of resulting maximum flow velocities in the tunnel tube
Using OpenFOAM for Tunnel Ventilation Design
3D CFD for Ventilation Design, Bosruck Tunnel
page 7
Bosruck Tunnel, Surface Mesh
Tunnel geometry and surface mesh modelled with Blender
(3D computer graphics software)
Extrusion of cells in entrance and exit surfaces to reduce number of volume cells
Lower resolution in less significant tunnel sections
Compromise to minimise aspect ratio of cells and number of volume cells
Using OpenFOAM for Tunnel Ventilation Design
3D CFD for Ventilation Design, Bosruck Tunnel
5,244 Rectangles
136,728 Triangles
141,972 Number of cells
Surface Mesh
page 8
Bosruck Tunnel, Volume Mesh and Boundary Layer
Generation of unstructured volume mesh (tetras) and boundary layer (stretched
prisms) with enGrid (mesh generation software produced by enGits)
Using OpenFOAM for Tunnel Ventilation Design
3D CFD for Ventilation Design, Bosruck Tunnel
Colour Code
Tetras: red
Prisms: green
1,375,848 Prisms
29,640 Hexahedrons
5,151,513 Tetras
6,557,001 Number of cells
Volume Mesh
page 9
Bosruck Tunnel, CFD Simulation
Addition of a momentum source to model
thrust of jet fans
Steady calculation, incompressible solver:
modification of original simpleFoam solver
k-omega SST turbulence model
Using OpenFOAM for Tunnel Ventilation Design
3D CFD for Ventilation Design, Bosruck Tunnel
page 10
Research Project, Longitudinal Ventilation System
Consideration of radial heat conduction
and changing heat release
Two phase-model: air and concrete
Transient solver, calculation time: 1200 s
Application of heat source in OpenFOAM,
solver chtMultiRegionFoam
(< 5 min: linear rise,
> 5 min: constant heat release)
Flow characteristics at entrance surface:
1.5 m/s, 288.15 K
Using OpenFOAM for Tunnel Ventilation Design
Investigation of Temperature Curves in Case of Fire
tunnel gradient 1.5%
heat source (3mx2mx18m, 22.5MW)
cross-section: 53 m concrete
layer
tunnel
cross-section
page 11
Using OpenFOAM for Tunnel Ventilation Design
Investigation of Temperature Curves in Case of Fire
Research Project, Longitudinal Ventilation System
Temperature characteristics in the tunnel, simulation time 1200s
Using OpenFOAM for Tunnel Ventilation Design
Thank you for your attention!