Structural Analysis Report of Residential Building

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2014
BACKGROUND:

The Owner of this building project is Mrs. Gita kumari Regmi. This building Project is located at
Dhapasi, Tilingtar VDC Ward No 7, plot No: 207, Land area of this project is 254.36 Sqm. This
project comprises planning architectural design and structural design components.

Nepal lies in seismically active region. It is located in the boundary line of the colliding tectonic
plates- the Indian plates and the Tibetan plates. Records of earthquake are available in Nepal since
1255 AD. Those records reveals that Nepal has hit by 18 major earthquakes, the 1833 and 1934
earthquakes were the most destructive ones.

However, it would not be economically feasible to design the building so as to ensure that they
remain elastic and damage free because the occurrence of maximum earthquakes low say one in
75 years. Thus, it is reliable to design the ductile structure and not to design damage free structure
but non-collapsible for minimum destruction in lives and properties. The design should ensure the
structure against stability, strength and serviceability with acceptable level of seismic safety.

Thus the seismic design of the building is done and the brief report has been prepared. All the
design data are considered in the detail architectural and structural drawings.

The basic aim of the structural design is to build a structure, which is safe, fulfilling the intended
purpose during its estimated life, economical in terms of initial and maintenance cost, durable and
also maintaining a good aesthetic appearance. The construction cost of any building consists of
three phases: a) Design, b) Drawing with proper detailing and c) constructions as per drawings
and details. The design of structure consists of two parts. i) Analysis and ii) Design. At first the
preliminary size of various member for specific structure are fixed and the analysis is carried out
with the help of FEM tool ETABS2013. With the result obtained from analysis, necessary design
is carried out.

The pseudo-static/ Seismic coefficient approach method of seismic analysis is conducted and
Strap and Tie beam provision has been included in Modal analysis. The Soil type considered for
Seismic coefficient is medium type of soil with Seismic zoning factor of five and Seismic
reduction factor [Five] for Moment resisting Ductile Frames. In the Pseudo-static analysis the
time period comes out for 1
st
mode and 2
nd
mode comes out to be of maximum mass participation
ratios of 70% and 78% which has modal time period as . Hence, the realistic time period after
modal analysis is taken as 0.461Secs which is close to the empirical formulae of
0.075xH
0.75
.While designing the isolated foundation, the bearing pressure of 100 KN/m
2
is
assumed.

After the completion of the design, drawings are prepared with all necessary details. The
presentation of the design calculation and drawings, the construction of the building is carried out.
The effort with which design has been carried out becomes worthwhile only if the design is
translated to a correspondingly high quality structure.




Structural Analysis Report of Residential Building

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2014
BUILDING PARAMETERS:
ARCHITECTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS

Name of Owner : Mrs Gita Kumari Regmi
Type of Building : Residential Building
Number of stories : Two and half Storey
Story Height : 2.845m
Height of parapet wall : 1m
External wall/Some internal wall : 230mm
Few internal walls : 115mm
Plaster Thickness : 12mm

CONSTRUCTION SITE

Location : Dhapasi, Tilingtar Ward No:- 7
Soil Type : Type II (Medium Soft Clay)
Bearing Capacity : 100KN/m
2

DIMENSIONS AND MATERIALS

Slab Thickness : 125mm
Strap Beam/Tie beam : 300mm x 230mm
Slab Beam : 400mm x 230mm
Column : 300mm x 300mm

CONSTRUCTIONS MATERIALS

Cement :Ordinary Portland cement.
Grade of Concrete :M20 for Column, Slabs, beams & Foundations.
Grade of Steel :Fe500 for both Main and shear reinforcements hoops.
ASSESSMENT OF UNIT LOADS OF MATERIALS

DENSITY OF MATERIALS

Reinforced Concrete : 24.5 KN/m
3
Brick Masonry : 20.0KN/m
3
Partition Wall : 1.00 KN/m
3

Floor Finish : 1.5KN/m
3
Ceiling Plaster : 0.6KN/m
3

ASSESSMENT OF LIVE LOADS

Unit loads on Floors
Rental Area : 2.5KN/m
2
Corridors, Stairs : 3.0 KN/m
2

Roof Accessible : 2.5 KN/m
2


Structural Analysis Report of Residential Building

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2014

MATERIAL AND SECTIONAL PROPERTIES

MATERIAL PROPERTY

Concrete
Grade of Concrete : M20
Youngs Modulus of Elasticity : It is calculated according to the following formula
Ec= 5000fck
= 500020
=22.36 KN/m
2

Grade of Steel : Fe500

SECTIONAL PROPERTIES

Moment of Inertia: The beam in the building frames will act as rectangular in the end portions
near the support and will act as T or L beams in the central portions. For the purpose of analysis, a
general practice is to assume the equivalent Moment of Inertia for the whole length of the beams.
The Moment of Inertia is calculated for the rectangular portion and multiplying it by 2.0 for T-
beams and 1.5 for L-beams.

Lateral Stiffness: The lateral stiffness of column is calculated using the following formula:

K = 12EI/L
3
LOAD CASES AND COMBINATIONS

Load Cases
Dead Load (DL)
Live Load(LL)
Earthquake in + ve X- direction (EQPX)
Earthquake in + ve Y- direction (EQPY)

Load Combinations (According to NBC 105:1994 limit State Method)
COMB1 1.2[DL+LL+EQPX]
COMB2 1.2[DL+LL+EQPZ]
COMB3 0.9DL+1.5EQPX
COMB4 0.9DL+1.5EQPZ
COMB5 1.5[DL+LL]






CALCULATION OF HORIZONTAL SHEAR FORCE
Seismic Load Calculation
Structural Analysis Report of Residential Building

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2014
Calculation of Seismic Weight of Building:
Seismic weight at any floor level = Wi = (Total Gravity Loads due to Beam, Slabs, Columns
and walls for ht. above and ht. below the lvl.
+25% of Live Loads)

n
Total weight of, W = wi where, n = total no. of storey.
i = 1
Calculation of Total Base Shear:
Total Horizontal Base Shear V = C
d
* W where, C
d
= Z* I* S
a
/2* R
g

Where Z = Seismic Zone Factor = 0.36 for Kathmandu valley (very Sever)
I = Importance Factor = 1 for Residential Building.
R = Response Reduction Factor for RC moment resisting frame = 5
S
a/g
= 2.5 for T=0.461 [0.1< T<0.55 for medium soil]
Considering 5% damping
Multiplying factor = 0.05
T = 0.075*H
3/4

T = 0.075*25.51
3/4

T= 0.439 Secs close to Modal respose Mode 2 = 0.461 secs. Hence adopt = 0.461 Secs.
H= Ht. of building
Therefore, Seismic Coefficient C
d
= 0.36*2.5
2*5
C
d
= 0.09
Calculation of Storey Shear:
F
i
= V* w
i
*h
i
W
i
h
i

Where W
i
=DL+app. LL (25% of Seismic reduced Live load)= 5,821.40KN from Summation of
Story Forces form ETABS
h
i
= Height of Floor level from base of building.
Hence, Base shear calculated = 0.0415x 5,821.40KN = 523.93KN

Distribution of Seismic forces to individual frames:

P
ij
= (k
ij
/Sk
ij
)*F
i

Where F
i
= Seismic force at particular storey of frame.
k
ij
= effective lateral stiffness of frame.
Sk
ij
= Sum of effective lateral stiffness of frame
Where k
ij
= 12EI/L
3
E = 5000 f
ck

I = BD
3
/12
L= Eff. Length of Column