10-98 I E S LIGHTING HANDBOOK

The variation may be as great as 30 per cent if points next to the walls are
considered, unless special attention is given these areas.
Layout suggestions. The conventional arrangements of electrical outlets
for lighting (one, two, or four per bay) have been adequate for a wide
range of footcandles because of the many incandescent-filament lamps
available in the 150- to 1,500-watt range with outputs of from 2,600 to
33,000 lumens each. By comparison, the fluorescent-lamp range, encom-
passing only a few ratings between 15 and 100 watts with outputs of 495
to 4,400 lumens each, is limited. To obtain a lumen output per fluorescent
luminaire comparable with that of a 500- or 1,000-watt, incandescent-lamp
luminaire, it is necessary to use many lamps.
Fluorescent lamps, by virtue of their tubular form, suggest new layout
and installation methods: continuous rows of lamps and "troffer" systems.
Since the lamp lengths and ballasts are different for each of the fluorescent
lamp sizes, these lamps are not interchangeable. However, future increases
in illumination may be provided for by a wiring layout that will accommo-
date added luminaires or rows of luminaires to co-ordinate with the original
installation. (See Fig. 10-69.) It is possible, also, in some two-lamp
luminaires to add a third lamp of the same size, with an increase in illumina-
tion of approximately 50 per cent. Where such luminaires are spaced
closely, or in continuous rows, the two extra lamps in adjacent luminaires
can be served from a two-lamp ballast located in one of them. Two-lamp
industrial units with reflectors punched for lampholders for a third lamp
are used. This potential capacity may serve several useful purposes. By
adding the third lamp almost 50 per cent increase in illumination may be
made available over a small area for especially difficult visual tasks, or
throughout the installation for a general increase in illumination. Il-
lumination levels from a general-lightin"; system are low near walls when not
FIG. 10-69. This luminaire installation is arranged to minimize the complexity
and expense of future increases in illumination. Spacing plan permits addition of
units without disturbing existing installation.