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CHAPTER 2 : FORCE AND MOTION

2.1 Linear Motion [../60 x 100 = ..%]
A student is able to :
2.1.1 Define distance and displacement
2.1.2 Define speed and velocity and state that v = s/t
2.1.3 Define acceleration and deceleration and state that
a = v - u
t
2.1.4 Calculate speed and velocity
2.1.5 Calculate acceleration / deceleration
2.1.6 Solve problems on linear motion with uniform acceleration using
(i) v = u + at
(ii) s = ut + at
2

(iii) v
2
= u
2
+ 2as

Distance and Displacement
A: Fill in the blank with the correct answer
1. Physical quantities can be divided into 2 :
(a) quantity
(b) quantity
2. Distance is quantity which has . and no
3. is a vector quantity which has magnitude and direction
4. The SI unit for both physical quantities is ..
B: Complete the table below :
Aspect Distance Displacement
Definition
Distance taken with
consideration of direction
Type of quantity Scalar quantity
SI unit


Speed and Velocity
C: Complete the table below

Aspect Speed Velocity
Definition
Rate of change of
displacement
Type of physical
quantity
Scalar
Formula
Speed
= Total distance
Time
Velocity
=

SI unit



m s
-1

2

Symbol
u, v
u denotes initial speed
v denotes final speed
Average speed
= Total distance
Time
u, v
u denotes initial velocity
v denotes final velocity
We usually consider the
forward motion ( to the right )
as positive and the backward (
to the left) as negative )



Acceleration
D: Fill in the blank with the correct answer.
1. Acceleration is the rate of change of ..
2. Acceleration , a = Final velocity - Initial velocity
Time taken





3. The SI unit of acceleration is .
4. Acceleration is a .. quantity
5. occurs when an object moves with . velocity.
6. . occurs when an object moves with velocity

E: Solve the problem.
1. A car starts from points from point O and moves to U, 50 m to the north in 60 s. The car then
moves to B, 120 m to the west in 40 s. Finally, it stops.
Calculate the :
(a) total distance moved by the car


(b) displacement of the car


(c) speed of the car when it is moves to the north


(d) velocity of the car


(e) average speed of the car


a =
3

2. A bus stops at a station to pick passengers up. It then moves and attains a velocity of 15 m s
-1

in 8 s. What is the acceleration of the bus ?





F. Complete the table below with the correct answer

Increasing short increasing far same
Speed decreasing low high decreasing

Pattern Explanation
(a) Direction of motion




Initial Final
The distance between the dots is the . It shows that the
object is moving with
(b) Direction of motion




Initial Final
The distance between the dots is .. It shows that the
object is moving very .
(c) Direction of motion




Initial Final
The distance between the dots is . It shows that the
speed of the object is moving with .
(d) Direction of motion




Initial Final
The distance between the dots is . It shows that the
speed of the object is .
(e) Direction of motion




Initial Final
The distance between the dots is . It shows that the
speed of the object is

G: Determine the acceleration of a trolley from the ticker tape
1. The ticker tape is divided into 5 parts. Every part has 2 ticks as shown in figure below.
Find the acceleration.
1 cm 5 cm


A B C D E F
. . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . .
.

. . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
4

Solution :

Step Solution
1. Time taken of one part One part = . Ticks
= . x 0.02 s
= . S
2. initial velocity, u = s
initial

t
initial

u = cm
s

= . cm s
-1

3. Final velocity, v = s
final

t
final

v = cm
s

= . cm s
-1

4. Determine the total time

Total time = ( Total parts 1) x time of one part
Total time, t = ( ) x .. s
= x ... s
= . S
5. Acceleration, a = v u
t
a = v u
t
=
= cm s
-2


The equations of motion

1. Complete the table below
Physical Quantity Symbol
Displacement
v
Initial velocity
acceleration
2. List the equations of linear motion.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Questions
1. Solve the following problems using the equations of linear motion
(a) A car moves from rest to a velocity of 10 ms
-1
in 5 s .Calculate the acceleration of the car
Solution :





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(b) A car traveling with a velocity of 10 m s
-1
accelerates uniformly at a rate of 3 m s
-2
for 20 s.
Calculate the displacement of the car.
Solution :





(c) A van that is traveling with velocity 16 m s
-1
decelerates until it comes to a stop. If the
distance traveled is 8 m, calculate the deceleration of the van.
Solution :




































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2.2 ANALYSING MOTION GRAPH [/20 x 100 = %]
A student is able to :
2.2.1 Plot and interpret displacement-time and velocity-time graphs
2.2.2 Deduce from the shape of a displacement-time graph when a body is:
i) at rest
ii) moving with uniform velocity
iii) moving with non-uniform velocity
2.2.3 Determine distance, displacement and velocity from a displacement-time graph
2.2.4 Deduce from the shape of a velocity-time graph when a body is:
i) at rest
ii) moving with uniform velocity
iii) moving with uniform acceleration
2.2.5 Determine distance, displacement and velocity and acceleration from a velocity-time graph
2.2.6 Solve problems on linear motion with uniform acceleration

A: Describe the motion of an object as shown in the following motion graphs.
(a) The Displacement-Time Graph
Graph of s against t Explanation

s/m





0 t/s



The displacement of the object from a fixed point is
.. Therefore, the velocity of the
object is .

s/m





0 t/s



The gradient of the graph = ..of the object.
The gradient of the graph is ., therefore the
velocity of the object is .

s/m





0 t/s



The gradient of the graph .. with time.
Therefore the velocity of the object . with
.





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(b) The velocity time graph
Graph of v against t Explanation

v/m s
-1






t/s


Velocity of object is . . The object is


v/m s
-1






t/s


The object is moving with uniform

v/m s
-1






t/s

The gradient of the graph =
The gradient of the graph is
Therefore, the acceleration of the object is


v/m s
-1






t/s


Area under the graph = .


B. Describe the motion of a runner who is running in a straight line

s/m









t/s
O t/s
5 10 12 15


20
25
15
10
5
A
B
D
C
8

v/m s
-1

t/s
B C
D
A 5 10 15 20 25


Solution :
Motion of the runner
O - A Running with a uniform velocity of 3 m s
-1

A-B
B - C
C - D


C: Study the velocity-time graph.













Calculate:-
(i) the acceleration, a, for sections AB, BC and CD
(ii) total displacement


































10


5






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2.3 UNDERSTANDING INERTIA [./19 x 100 = .%]
A student is able to :
2.3.1 Explain what inertia is
2.3.2 Relate mass to inertia
2.3.3 Give examples to reduce the negative effects of inertia

A. Fill in the blanks or underline the correct answers
1.

When the bus stops suddenly our feet are brought to rest but due to inertia, our body
tends to continue its (forward/backward) motion. This causes our body to jerk
forward.(thrown forward)

2.

When the bus moves suddenly from rest our feet are carried (forward/backward) but
Due to inertia our body tends to keep us (rest/moving) . This causes our body to
fall backwards. (thrown backbards)

3. The inertia of an object is the.................................. of the object to remain at ...........
or if ...................... to continue its uniform motion in a straight line
4. The mass of an object is the amount or quantity of matter contained in the object.
5. The SI unit of mass is ..
6. The mass of an object is wherever it is measured. It is different from
.. which is affected by the . of gravity.
7. An object with a larger mass has a .. Inertia.





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Effects of inertia
B. Explain the positive effect by using the clues given.

















C .Match the correct explanation to each of the characteristics

Characteristic

Explanation
(a) The tank which carries liquid in a
lorry should be divided into smaller
tanks
Hold the passengers to their seat
during collision
(b) the part between the drivers seat and
load should have strong steel structure
Prevent the driver from hitting the
steering in an accident
(c) Safety belts Prevent the load from being thrown to
the front
(d) Airbag To reduce the effects of inertia when
stopped suddenly.










Positive effect
Of inertia
Clue : Pour our Tomato sauces

Clue: Running zig-zig when
chased by a bull.
Clue : Drying a wet umbrella


Clue : Tighten the Hammer head
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2.4 ANALYSNG MOMENTUM [/30 x 100 = .%]
A student is able to :
2.4.1 Define the momentum of an object
2.4.2 Define momentum(p) as the product of mass (m) and velocity(v) ie p=mv
2.4.3 State the principle of conservation of momentum
2.4.4 Describe the applications of conservation of momentum
2.4.5 Solve problems involving momentum

A. Fill in the blank with the correct answer
1. Momentum is defined as the product of and .
2. The formula of momentum is given by :
Momentum = .. x .
p = .
3. Momentum is a .. quantity
4. The SI unit of momentum is
5. Momentum .. when velocity ..
6. The principle of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum in a
closed of object is ..
7. The total momentum the collision is to the total momentum
after the collision, if no . acts on the system.
8. The principle of conservation of momentum can be applied in
(a) collision
(b) collision
(c) .

B. Fill in the blank
1. Collision I : Both bodies separates after collision. Momentum is ...





Before collision after collision

Momentum :





m
1

m
2

m
1

m
2

u
2

v
2

u
1

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2. Collision II : Both objects move together after collision. . Is conserved.





Before collision after collision

Momentum :

3. Explosion : Two or more bodies in contact will be after the explosion



Before explosion after explosion

Momentum :

B. Complete the table below

Elastic collision Inelastic collision Explosion
(a) Both bodies will separate
after collision
Two or more bodies in contact will
be separated after the collision
(b) The total momentum is
conserved
The total momentum is conserved

(c) The total kinetic energy
is conserved

(c) Total energy is conserved Total energy is conserved



C. Solve the following problems

1. Car A of mass 100 kg traveling at 30 m s
-1
collides with Car B of mass 90 kg traveling at 20 m s
-1
in
front of it. Car A and B move separately after collision. If Car A moves at 25 m s
-1
after collision,
determine the velocity of Car B after collision.

Solution :






m
1

m
2

m
1
+ m
2


u
2
= 0
u
1

v
(m
1
+ m
2
), u = 0
v
1

m
2

v
2

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2 : A trolley of mass 4 kg moves at 3 m s
-1
and collide with a trolley of mass 2 kg which is moving in the
opposite direction at 1 m s
-1
. After the collision, both trolleys move together with the same velocity.
What is their common velocity ?
Solution :










3 : A bullet of mass 2 g is shot from a gun of mass 1 kg with a velocity of 150 m s
-1
. Calculate
the velocity of the recoil of the gun after firing.
Solution :