21 Ethics in Design Show LR 2009-Libre

Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
2009 M P Ranjan Hand - Head - Heart : Ethics in Design 4th National Design Conference : Istanbul www.ranjanmp.in
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Hand Head Heart
Ethics in Design
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Prof M P Ranjan
National Institute of Design
Ahmedabad, India
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Keynote Lecture
8 October 2009
4th National Design Congress
Istanbul Technical University
Istanbul, Turkey
*
*
graphic symbols
courtesy
Prof. Ravi Pooviah, IDC, IIT Mumbai
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
What is ?
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v
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CULTURE
MATERIAL
EFFECT
ENVIRONMENT
1
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Design as
Seed
Latent
Intention
Potential
Nutrure
Grow
*
seed photo
courtesy
Prof. J L Naik, NID
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
The Iceberg Factor
Tangible
Visible & Perceived
Features & Actions
Intangible
Intentions & Strategies
Felt & Sensed Attributes
Design as
Iceberg
Metaphor
{ }
Design creates
Concepts
Communications
Products
Systems
Infrastructure.....
Design is an Intentional activity that
generates Value
Design works with
Tools & Processes
Information & Meaning
Materials & Form
Attitudes & Strategies
Spaces & Structures
*
In icebergs only one sixth is visible
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
What is Design ?
P
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m
P
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p
t
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Design
Opportunities
S
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I
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C
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x
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V
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Intentions
Explorations
Compositions
Judgements
Innovation
Promotion
Implementation
Nurturing
Plan
Process
Promote
Design opportunities are in
the imagination of the designer
and therefore not visible to
others stakeholders.
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
FIRE
2 million years
TOOLS
1.5 million years
SYMBOLIC EXPRESSION
250,000 years
MOBILITY
50 years
AGRICULTURE & SETTLEMENT
10,000 years
TECHNOLOGY & CRAFT
5000 years
SCIENCE
2000 years of education
KNOWLEDGE
50 years TODAY
TOMORROW?
HUMAN INTENTION TO VALUE CREATION
A NEW LOOK AT
,000
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Designers
Mind
Designers
Emotions
Designers
Antennae
Design
Opportunity
Decision
Insights
Perception
Imagination
Concept
Prototype
1, 2, 3, ..... 1, 2, 3, ......
Success ?
Disaster ?
Impact
Positive
Negative
Drop Project ?
Go, Go Go ......
Designers
Responsibility ?
Design
Action
Inploration
Exploration
Stone in
the Pond the Pond
Design Thinking
Reflective
Intentional Categorical Analytic Explorative
Synthetic
Abductive Abductive Abductive
*
see descriptions at <http://www.design-for-india.blogspot.com>
and <http://www.design-concepts-and-concerns.blogspot.com>
Download model from <http://www.ranjanmp.in> *
Design Journey
*
2007 M P Ranjan, NID
revised: based on model in discussion with Sumiran
ANALYTIC CATEGORIC INTENTIONAL EXPLORATIVE
ABDUCTIVE
SYNTHETIC
REFLECTIVE
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
DESIGN
DESIGN
DESIGN
As a Language
As an Attitude
As an Aptitude & Capability
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Intentions
Goals
Products
Systems
Services
Business
Models
Insights
Concepts
Scenarios
Value
Value
as a
Mediating Inuence
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Laws that shape,
give form to and
inform change
2
expanding design
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Three Orders of Design
1
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2
nd
3
rd
The First Order of Design:
The Order of Design of Material,
Form & Structure
The Third Order of Design:
The Order of Design for Value
Meaning and Purpose
The Second Order of Design:
The Order of Design for Function &
Feeling Impact & Effect
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Material
Function
Technique
Science
Economy
Aesthetics
Social
Linguistic
Environmental
Political & Legal
Cultural
Systems
Spiritual
Craftsmanship
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Authors &
Thought Leaders
Material
Function
Technique
Science
Economy
Aesthetics
Social
Linguistic
Environmental
Political & Legal
Cultural
Systems
Spiritual
Craftsmanship
Norman Potter
Bauhaus masters
Charles & Ray Eames
David Pye
R Buckminster Fuller
Frei Otto
Donald A Norman
Bruce Archer
John Chris Jones
Ulm masters
Bruno Latour
Bryan Lawson
Hazel Henderson
Brian Czeck
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
Jasper Morrison
Liz Sanders
G K VanPatter
John Thackara
Stafford Beer
Harold G Nelson
John Heskett
Wolfgang Jonas
Tomas Maldonado
M K Gandhi
Amartya Sen
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
Jiddu Krishnamurthi
Claude Levi Strauss
Christopher Alexander
Victor Papanek
Gregory Bateson
NID masters
* a personal list
Klaus Krippendorff
Umberto Eco
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Ethics in Design
Case Studies
Orders 1, 2 & 3
1
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2
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3
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Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Organic and Recyclable
Thin veneers of bamboo are converted into party plate and container
which can be organically recycled.
Bamboo is fast growing natural material with excellent carbon
sequestration capabilities.
http://www.bambuhome.com/
Bambo Home Products
Redefning Sanitation
Sulabh International
Since 1970, Bindheshwar Pathaks Sulabh International has worked to
liberate Indias human waste scavengers by employing low-cost, safe
sanitation technology.
Sulabh has built a commercially viable business model with a signifcant
development impact. It has installed more than 1.4 million household toilets,
and it maintains more than 6,500 public pay-per-use facilities. Its technology
has freed 60,000 people from life as a scavenger.
http://www.sulabhinternational.org
Women Power Mahila Gramudyog Lijjat Papad
Lijjat is more than just a household name for 'papad' (India's most
popular roasted snack).
This womens cooperative started with a modest loan of Rs 80 and
now has annual saleThis exceeding Rs 3.1 billion by innovating an
unconventional supply chain.
http://lijjat.com
Sustainability Posters
for
World Economic Forum, 2009
Davos
* Posters courtesy
NID & WEF
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Textiles from Paper
Recycled Yarn
A student diploma project at NID explored paper with khadi process
of hand spinning and weaving to create local employmnet and a
sensitive material for new markets.
http://nid.edu
Textiles from Waste
Recycled Fabrics
India has an living tradition of hand sewing and patchwork from
old fabrics to create quilts and a sensitive material for local markets.
These fabrics have a sensibility that is refned and highly valued by
the initiated.
http://nid.edu
Material
Transformation
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Women Power
Mahila Gramudyog Lijjat Papad
Lijjat is more than just a household name for 'papad' (India's most
popular roasted snack).
This womens cooperative started with a modest loan of Rs 80 and
now has annual saleThis exceeding Rs 3.1 billion by innovating an
unconventional supply chain.
http://lijjat.com
Process
Transformation
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Technology
Transformation
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Jain Biksha Patra
Frugal Materials
The Jain Biksha Patra embodies values of frugal existance and the
refned craftsmanship and a belief system that is deeply revered and
respected by the community. Jain saints carry these to accept alms
and they are made of paper thin turned wood that is both stable and
light.
http://www.kvic.org.in
Products
Bardi chequered
wrap
Pattu kashida wrap
with brocading
Pidha low wooden
seats
Macha strung
wooden cot
Gandha oor spread
Tang camel belt
Bed covers
Cushion covers
Table runners
Dupatta stole
Kurta tunic
Salwaar loose pant-
like garment
Bags
Production Clusters
Jodhpur district:
Phalodi tehsil
Jaisalmer district:
Pokharan
Tools
Bunai ki khaddi pit
treadle loom
Naal shuttle
Yarn winder
Charka spinning
wheel
Hatta beater
Kangi reed
The Meghwal community weave local
wool into narrow strips, or patti, that are
then stitched together to form wide shawls
known as pattu that are worn by members
of all communities in the region. There is
however a sartorial code with regard to the
type of pattu wornthe chequered pattu
are worn by women while the highly decorative pattu are used
by young men and the plain pattu by older men. The base cloth
of the pattu is in either plain or twill-weaves and the motifs are
created through the use of the extra weft in an area limited to
the motif alone. The extra weft is usually of a colour in contrast
to the base cloth and is inserted after every two picks, thus
producing an impression of finely embroidered fabric. The pattu
constitute an important element in local ritualsamong the
Meghwal, the pattu weaving community, pattu form a part of
the gifts given to the prospective grooms family when fixing a
marital alliance; they are also gifted to all the immediate rela-
tives of the groom during the marriage ceremony. In addition,
close bonds between two men are cemented through the grant-
ing of the title brother and the exchange of pattu.
Panj a dhurri e we av i ng
Tools
Horizontal oor loom
Panja metal comb
Chhuri knife
Suaa needle
Bristle brush
Kainchi scissor
Temple to maintain
width
Production Clusters
Jodhpur district:
Salawas
Products
Gandha large oor
covering
Aatariya animal
cover for winters
Jhul cart enclosure
Bora cloth for large
sacks
The weavers of the village of Salawas belong to the Prajapati
caste. Although their main source of income was agriculture,
they also practiced pottery and the weaving of jatpatti rugs.
These plain weft faced dhurries woven with coarse goat or camel
hair derive their name from jhat, literally meaning haste, with
which they could be executed. The jatpatti were initially used as
coverings for domestic animals during winters, as saddle bags,
as filters for oil mills and for making tents. The traditionally used
animal hair was replaced with cotton fibre in 1977 and these
dhurries began to be sold to a small segment of the domestic
market. The craftsmen began experimenting with stripes, geo-
metrical and stylized natural forms such as the kangasi (comb),
teer (arrow head), tota (parrot), chidia (sparrow) and chaukadi
(rhombus). Variously coloured yarns are laboriously individu-
ally inserted to create these forms, thus also ensuring that the
dhurrie is reversible. As these dhurries acquired recognition they
came to be known as panja dhurries due to the use of the panja,
a comb-like beating tool.
The floor loom.
1 A table mat developed in
cotton using the traditional
pattu, blanket design.
A whole new range of
products such as table
linen, cushion covers
and bedspreads has been
developed by diversifying
the traditional pattu, in
collaboration with
designers and non govern-
ment organizations.
2 Detail of extra weft pattern-
ing and weft predominant
stripes in a cotton pattu.
Design intervention helped
the weavers change from
wool to cotton weaving.
Inset Detail of the cotton table mat on the right. 2
1
In addition to an array of items of daily usewater pots,
trays for kneading chapati dough and bowls for setting
curdcharacterized by their blackened finish, the potters of
Mundwa tehsil also create clay toys and idols of the goddess
Gangaur and her escort Isar in a range of sizes. The potters
employ a combination of techniques in the creation of the toys
and figurinessome parts are thrown on the wheel while others
are formed either by hand or by using moulds. The different
components created are then skilfully assembled to make
the final product; the local clay although suitable for such work
is fortified with natural gum. In the case of the Gangaur idols
for instance, the face is made in a mould, the body (2 feet to 4
feet in length) is turned, and the hands are hand-moulded. The
head, torso and hands are joined, fired and painted with the
traditionally used vegetable dyes or the recently introduced
chemical dyes.
Tools
Chak potters
wheel
Moulds
Carving tools
Products
Idols:
Ganesh, Ramdeo
Toys:
Peacocks, Elephants
Horses, Rats, Rabbits
Camels, Lions
Other Animal gurines
Production Clusters
Nagaur district:
Nagaur town
Mundwa tehsil:
Bu village
Chenar village
Maat i ro kaamt e rracot t a and pot t e ry
A craftsman creating a large batch of lamps in
preparation for sale during a festival.
Dhola and Maru, the star-crossed lovers of
Rajasthani folklore who eloped on their camel
are a favoured theme seen represented in
the terracotta as well as miniature painting
tradition of the region.
A representation
of an English lord
complete with a
coat and hat.
Two of the kings men
riding on an elephant.
Functional
Transformation
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Economic
Transformation
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Redefning Sanitation
Sulabh International
Since 1970, Bindheshwar Pathaks Sulabh International has worked to
liberate Indias human waste scavengers by employing low-cost, safe
sanitation technology.
Sulabh has built a commercially viable business model with a signifcant
development impact. It has installed more than 1.4 million household toilets,
and it maintains more than 6,500 public pay-per-use facilities. Its technology
has freed 60,000 people from life as a scavenger.
http://www.sulabhinternational.org
Behavior
Transformation
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Colaborative
Transformation
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Environment
Transformation
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Social & Political
Transformation
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Systems
Transformation
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Value of Design
What Next?
The Future........
1
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2
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3
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Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
SENSORY
&
MOTOR
HOMUNCULUS
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The brains map of the
human body based on
areas of the motor cortex
controlling voluntary
movement.
Hands ON, Minds ON
CULTURE
KNOWLEDGE
SENSIBILITIES
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Skills for people
DESIGN for SOCIETY
Craft ecologies, socio-cultural
milieu and religious contexts
organised by regions into:
6 Zones
32 States & Union
Territories
102 Metaclusters
600 Craft Clusters
600 Crafts in locations.
HANDMADE IN INDIA:
An access book on the diversity of crafts of India.
A key resource for education
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Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
Tools
Dao bill hook knife
Chisels
Files
Lathe
Products
Window blinds
Roomdividers
Folding screens
Figurines
Animal gures
Ornaments
Hand fans
Lamps
Mugs
Vase
Salt shakers
Production Clusters
West Tripura district:
Agartala
Nalchar
Churilam
Bamboo craf t s
Bamboo handicrafts of Agartala are intricate and self
consciously decorated. A wide range of screens, false ceilings,
wall panels, plaques and planters are made of gossamer thin
bamboo strips. Wall panels are made out of solid but thinly
split bamboo that is pasted on plywood. Several containers
are made by turning bamboo on a hand lathe. Traditionally,
bamboo was used extensively to construct houses, fences,
gates, wall panels; sieves, storage baskets and products for
agricultural use. Local entrepreneurs have been practicing the
art of fine bamboo handicrafts and goods made fromloom
woven mats that are a specialty of Agartala.
Pre sse d cl ay work of Me l aghar
Palpada village has about fifty families making and market-
ing dexterously fired and painted clay objects. The craftsmen
earlier mostly made wheel-based pots and pans but due to the
pressure of new materials replacing wheel thrown
pots, the craftsmen had to innovate and make
alternative products for their skills and liveli-
hood. Now they continue to make idols, small
items of utility such as candle stands, dhoop
(incense) stands, oil lamps, flower vases, decorative
wall tiles and pressed functional roofing tiles. Some of
the finished products had a red colour achieved by the
application of katha over the terracotta object.
Nowadays they also use oil paints to decorate the objects and
statues of gods and popular heroes that are a great attraction
at local melas, fairs. These statues are made using a process of
press forming inside moulds made of plaster-of-Paris that are
cast over a well crafted original piece. Their skills are also
used for making products including dies and
moulds of terracotta that are used to
press a local milk delicacy called
sandesh.
Bamboo f urni t ure of Kat l amara
Tools
Potters wheel
Carving tools
Plaster-of-Paris moulds
Production Clusters
Melaghar
Palpada village
Products
Statues
Lamps
Candle stands
Roof tiles
Dies for sweets
Katlamara was traditionally known for the
production of high quality poles for fishing, pole
vaulting and boating made from a species of
bamboo intensively cultivated in nearby fields.
This species of bamboo, Bambusa affinis, is
extremely strong and solid and in recent years it
has been used as a cane substitute in the design and
manufacture of bamboo furniture. This innovation with
the potential to transformthe economy of bamboo craftspersons
has seen the making of elegant products using simple
carpentry tools. All joints in the furniture are made by drilling,
housing and pinning with bamboo nails. The whole bamboo is
used for the frames, and the splits for weaving the seat and
back. Contemporary furniture such as benches, shelves and
tables use whole bamboo in a minimalistic way.
N OR T H E A S T / TRIPURA/ Agartala
NE/TR 536 NE/TR 537
Tripuras bamboo craft is pivoted on the technique of bamboo
splitting done by hand with the help of a dao. Today, new
machines are used for splitting bamboo at the Common Facility
Centres and training centres set up by the government. The
most recent product innovation is the carving of bamboo roots.
A number of craftsmen have taken up this work through the
offices of the State Handicrafts Development Corporation in
Agartala. Many new statues and composite sculpted narratives
are depicted in bamboo root carvings.
1 Turned and carved cylindrical containers made
frombamboo culm, a new product introduced
by the Agartala craftsmen.
2 Detail of poker work done on shaped bamboo
splits that have been strung to make an
umbrella which is held by a figurine.
3 Hand fan made frombamboo mat. The mat is
woven in a warp of red dyed cotton yarn and
weft of very finely split bamboo. Mats are
popularly used as window blinds and table
mats.
4 Detail of a bamboo mat woven with very finely
split bamboo that has been used as the surface
of a folding screen. Craftspersons of Tripura are
known to make the finest bamboo splits which
are used as weft and woven into a cotton or
polyester warp.
5 Figure carved in bamboo root.
6 Carved figure in bamboo root that makes
creative use of the roots.
1 Die pressed figure of a horse fromclay, fired
and painted.
2 Clay figurines made froma mould by the slab
casting method.
3 Clay baked dies used in the preparation of a
milk sweet called sandesh.
4 A die pressed and fired clay mask of Goddess
Durga.
1
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4
5 6
1
2 3 4
Tools
Dao bill hook knife
Saw, Hammer
Chisel, File
Products
Fishing pole
Chair, Table, Bed
Bench, Shelf
Window blinds
Roomdividers
Folding screens
Figurines
Animal gures
Ornaments
Hand fans, Lamps
Mugs, Vase
Salt shakers
Production Clusters
Katlamara village
1
1 A contemporary bench made fromwhole
bamboo, Bambusa affinis.
2 Bamboo culmbeing heated and straightened.
3 Bambusa affinis, a species of bamboo
cultivated as a plantation crop for the first
time by an entrepreneur in Katlamara for
use in handicrafts.
4 Contemporary furniture design using
Katlamara bamboo. The chair is designed to be
made with simple tools and uses the knock-
down construction.
2 3 4
Handmade in India
Sample Page
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
[ 1998 ]
FARMING
HUMAN RESOURCE
STRATEGY
LOCAL MARKETS
SUSTAINABILITY
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Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
INTRODUCTION
Wrought iron
figure,
Udaipur, Rajasthan.
Tribal clay figure,
Nonihat, Jharkhand.
Hand formed and
painted cow-dung toy,
Parla Khemundi, Orissa.
Painted clay and
cow-dung female figure,
Puhphutara, Chhattisgarh.
Carved and painted
puppet,
Jaipur, Rajasthan.
Realistic clay figure,
village woman,
Krishnanagar, West Bengal.
Carved wooden
chariot decoration,
Papanasam,Tamil Nadu.
Wrought iron and
brass tribal figure,
Kondagaon, Chhattisgarh.
Replicas of Chola bronzes,
lost wax casting,
Swamimalai, Tamil Nadu.
Bronze idol of Shiva,
lost wax casting,
Swamimalai, Tamil Nadu.
Dhokra cast,
brass tribal figure,
Jigidih, Orissa.
Wrought Iron Bison Horn
Maria figures,
Kondagaon, Chhattisgarh.
Votive terracotta,
Nawrangpur, Orissa.
Bell metal casting,
ritual vessel,
Imphal, Manipur.
Brass, heat forged
serving vessel,
Jhajpur, Orissa.
Brass cooking utensil, sheet
formed with cast handles,
Dhenkanal, Orissa.
Bell metal, sheet
formed ritual vessel,
Jhajpur, Orissa.
Dhokra, lost wax casting,
grain measure
Ranchi, Jharkhand.
Bell metal cast charakku,
large cooking vessel,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
Copper spitoon, sheet
formed and embossed,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
Bidri wash basin, copper and
zinc alloy with silver inlay,
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.
Copper container, cast,
embossed, chased and
pierced work,
Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir.
Brass sheet formed
water pot,
Dhenkanal, Orissa.
Brass, heat forged
serving vessel
Patrapur, Orissa.
Hand formed terracotta
Thongjao, Manipur.
Thrown and painted,
ceremonial terracotta,
Darbhanga, Bihar.
Brass sheet formed pot
used by ascetics,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
Heat flattened bamboo,
cheese container,
Bomdila, Arunachal Pradesh.
Turned wood bowls for
Jain Monks
Pali, Rajasthan.
Moulded and painted
papier-mch
Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir.
Turned and polished
agate bowl
Khambhat, Gujarat.
Moonj grass basket for storing
valuables, coiling technique,
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh.
Bamboo basketry
Garo hills, Meghalaya.
Hand - Head - Heart
Ethics in Design
-
-
Hand Head Heart
Ethics in Design
Prof M P Ranjan
National Institute of Design
Ahmedabad, India
-
-
Keynote Lecture
8 October 2009
4th National Design Congress
Istanbul Technical University
Istanbul, Turkey
*
*
graphic symbols
courtesy
Prof. Ravi Pooviah, IDC, IIT Mumbai
www.ranjanmp.in
www.designforindia.com
ranjanmp [at] nid.edu
Websites
Email

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