*AIRBAG_PARTICLE

Purpose: To define an airbag using the particle method.

Card Format
Card 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Variable SID1 STYPE1 SID2 STYPE2 BLOCK NPDATA FRIC IRDP
Type I I I I I F F I
DeIault none 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0
Card 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Variable NP UNIT VISFLG TATM PATM NVENT TEND TSW
Type I I I F F I F F
DeIault 200,000 0 1 293K 1ATM 0 1.E10 1.E10
Card 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Variable IAIR NGAS NORIF NID1 NID2 NID3 CHM
Type I I I I I I I
DeIault 0 none none 0 0 0 none
Optional Cards if STYPE2=2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Variable 8D2 8TYUP PFRAC LNKNG
Type I I F I
DeIault none none 0. none
Optional Cards if NPDATA>1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Variable 8DH 8TYPEH H PFRC
Type I I F F
DeIault none none 0. 0.
Optional Cards if NVENT>1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Variable SID3 STYPE3 C23 LCTC23 LCPC23 ENHV PPOP
Type I I I I I I F
DeIault 0 none none 0 0 0 0.0
Optional Cards if IAIR>1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Variable PAIR TAIR XMAIR AAIR BAIR CAIR NPAIR NPRELAX
Type F F F F F F I I
DeIault PATM TATM none none 0.0 0.0 0 0
NGAS Cards (i1,2,...,n)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Variable LCMi LCTi XMi Ai Bi Ci INFGi
Type I I F F F F I
DeIault none none none none 0.0 0.0 1
NORIF Cards (i1,2,...,n)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Variable NIDi ANi VDi CAi INFOi MOM IANG CHMID
Type I F F F I I I I
DeIault none none none 30Deg 1 0 0 0
VARIABLE DESCRIPTION
SID1

Set deIining the complete airbag
STYPE1 Set type EQ.0: Part
EQ.1: Part set
SID2

Set deIining internal parts oI the airbag
STYPE2

Set type EQ.0: Part
EQ.1: Part set
BLOCK

Blocking EQ.0: OII (See remark 4)
EQ.1: On
NPDATA

Number oI parts or part sets data
FRIC
RDP
Friction Iactor.(DeIault 0.0) See remark 3 below.
Dynamically scaling oI particle radius
EQ.0: OII
EQ.1: On
NP Number oI particles (DeIault 200,000) See remark 7 below.
UNIT Unit system EQ.0: kg-mm-ms-K
EQ.1: SI-units
EQ.2: tonne-mm-s-K
VISFLG Visible particles(only support CPM database, see remark 6)
EQ.0: DeIault to 1
EQ.1: Output particle's coordinates, evlocities, mass, radius, spin energy,
translational energy
EQ.2: Output reduce data set with corrdinates only
EQ.3: Supress CPM database
TATM Atmospheric temperature (DeIault 293K)
PATM Atmospheric pressure (DeIault 1ATM)
NVENT Number oI vent hole parts or part sets
TEND Time when all particles (NP) have entered bag (DeIault 1.0e10)
TSW Time Ior switch to control volume calculation (DeIault 1.0e10)
IAIR Initial gas inside bag considered EQ.0: No
EQ.1: Yes with UP method
EQ.2: Yes with particles
NGAS Number oI gas components
NORIF Number oI oriIices
NID1-NID3
CHM
SID2
STYUP
PFRAC
LINKING
Three nodes deIining a moving coordinate system Ior the direction oI Ilow
through the gas inlet nozzles (DeIault Iixed system)
Chamber ID used in *DEFINECPMCHAMBER(see remark 8)
Special options for STYPE22
Set deIining internal parts will be applied pressure
Set type EQ.0: Part
EQ.1: Part set
Fraction oI pressure to be applied to the set
Couple this internal set to the external vent deIinition. The minimum area oI
this part or the vent hole will be used Ior actual venting area
8DH
8TYPEH
H
PFRC
SID3

Set deIining heat convection
Set type EQ.0: Part
EQ.1: Part set
Heat convection coeIIicient (DeIault 0.) (W/(Km
2
)) . See remark 5.
See *AIRBAGHYBRID developments (Resp. P-O Marklund)
Friction Iactor.(DeIault is FRIC Irom 1
st
card 7
th
Iield)
Set deIining vent holes
STYPE3 Set type EQ.0: Part
EQ.1: Part set
C23 Vent hole coeIIicient (Parameter Ior Wang-NeIske leakage) (DeIault 1.0)
See Remark 1 below.
EQ.-n: reIers to *DEFINECPMVENT ID and retrieves vent parameters
Irom external card
LCTC23 Load curve deIining vent hole coeIIicient as a Iunction oI time
See Remarks 1 and 2 below.
LCPC23 Load curve deIining vent hole coeIIicient as a Iunction oI pressure
See Remarks 1 and 2 below.
ENHV Enhance venting option. (DeIault 0.0)
PPOP Pressure diIIerence between interior and ambient pressure to open the vent
hole. Once the vent is open then it will stay open.
PAIR Initial pressure inside bag (DeIault PAIR PATM)
TAIR Initial temperature inside bag (DeIault TAIR TATM)
XMAIR Molar mass oI gas initially inside bag
EQ.-n: reIers to *DEFINECPMGASPROPERTIES ID and retrieves gas
properties data Irom external card
AAIR-CAIR
NPAIR

NPRELAX
Constant, linear, and quadratic heat capacity parameters
Number oI particle Ior air. (see remark 7)
Number oI cycle to reach thernal equilibrium (see remark 7)
LCMi Mass Ilow rate curve Ior gas component i
LCTi Temperature load curve Ior gas component i
XMi 9 Molar mass oI gas component i
EQ.-n: reIers to *DEFINECPMGASPROPERTIES ID and retrieves gas
properties data Irom external card
Ai-Ci Constant, linear, and quadratic heat capacity parameters
INFGi InIlator ID that this gas component belongs to (DeIault 1)
NIDi Node ID deIining the location oI nozzle i
ANi Area oI nozzle i (DeIault all nozzles are given the same area)
VDi Vector ID (Initial direction oI gas inIlow at nozzle i)
CAi Cone angle in degrees (Default 30Deg) (Obsolete in R4)
INFOi InIlator ID that this oriIice belongs to (DeIault 1)
IMOM
IANG
CHMID
InIlator reaction Iorces
EQ.0: OII
EQ.1: On
Activation Ior cone angle to use Ior Iriction calibration(should not use
in the normal runs)
EQ.0: OII(DeIault)
EQ.1: On
InIlator node in the chamber deIine by *DEFINECPMCHAMBER to
track the particle (see remark 9)
Remarks
1. Total vent hole coeIIicient C23LCTC23LCPC23.
2. II not speciIied, a constant value oI 1.0 is assumed.
3. Friction Iactor to simulate the surIace roughness
4. Total Iabric porosity coeIIicient.
BLOCK0: coeIIicient FLCFAC
BLOCK1: coeIIicient FLCFAC(1-blockage)ELA(blockage)
5. dE/dt A H (Tbag Tatm)
A is part area
H is user deIined heat convection coeIIicient
Tbag is weighted average temperature oI the particles impacting the part
Tatm is ambient temperature
6. Particle time history data is always output to d3plot database now. Lsprepost 2.3
and above can display and Iringe those data. In order to reduce runtime memory
requirement, option VISFLG should set to 0 (disable).
7. Total number oI particles used in each card is NP NPAIR. Since the initial air
particles are placed at the surIace oI the airbag segments with correct velocity
distribution initially, particles are not randomlly distributed in space. It requires
some relaxation cycles, NPRELAX, to allow particles to move and produce better
spacial distribution.
8. By deIault initial air particles will be evenly placed on airbag segments which cannot
sense the local volume. This will create incorrect pressure Iield iI the bag has several
distinct pockets. *DEFINECPMCHAMBER allow user to initial air particles by
volume ration oI regions oI airbag. The particles will be distribute proportional to the
deIined chamber volume to achieve better pressure distribution.
9. This option is used together with *DEFINECPMCHAMBER. It will assign
particle with chamber ID to provide local chamber inIormation.