ISSN 2249-6343

International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering (IJCTEE)

Volume 2, Issue 2

9



Abstract Today the modern world is become faster & faster
and other daily requirements goods are become more luxurious.
So we are making a system which will be going to change the
lifestyle of Indian farmer and milk collection system.
Agriculture is backbone of our country and dairy farming is
joint business of Indian farmer. Dairies collect milk from farmer
everyday & payments for this milk are done according to the
rates per litre. This rate depends on various factor like weight,
FAT, CLR & SNF of the milk. We have develop a system that
will measure these parameters and calculate the payment
automatically. The system consists of two units, one unit is
placed at milk collection centre (MCC) that consists sensor ,
microcontroller, LCD, card connector & keypad as main
elements. This unit collects data & store it in a smart card give to
the farmer. The other unit is at cash counter(CC) also consists of
microcontroller which reads the data from smart card & send it
to PC where calculation of bill is made for making payment to
the farmer this data is also viewed on PC and print of receipt is
also provided to the farmer.

Index Terms SNF, FAT, CLR, MCC, CC etc
I. INTRODUCTION
The Dairy industry in India is generally co-operative .The
primary milk provided to the dairy are farmers who do not
process their milk and give it in the raw form to the
co-operative dairy. Since more number of farmers are
depositing their milk in the dairy, it is a daily task of the dairy
to assess the quality of milk from each farmer, verify it &
meets the quality norms specified and make payments based
on quality and quantity of milk. Though several tests are
available for quality assessment of milk like the content of
protein, water, detergent, lactose, etc. Most dairies use only
the fat content test and CLR (Corrected Lactometer Reading)
to judge milk quality.


1
Prof.S.V. Arote Department of Electronics Engineering,,
P.R.E.C.-Loni, (e-mail: seemaarote@gamil.com). Loni, India, Mobile:
+919765910681
2
Prof. S.B. Lavhate, Department of Electronics and telecommunication
Engineering,, PD.V.V.P. Polytechnic.-Loni, India, Mobile:
+919922444982
3
Prof.V.S. .Phatangare e, Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering,, P.R.E.C.-Loni
4
Sachin S. Taware, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication
Engineering,, P.R.E.C.-Loni, (e-mail: Sachin.2551988@gamil.com). Loni,
India, Mobile: +919096349923
5
Prof. Kadu Rahul N. Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering,, P.R.E.C.-Loni.
6
Sachin D. Anap, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication
Engineering,, P.R.E.C.-Loni, mobile: +91976395648
Standard ranges of fat content and CLR of milk are specified
by the government and it is necessary for the milk to satisfy
this quality norms. In measuring fat content we have used the
principle of optical scattering of light by fat globules present
in the homogenized milk thus diverting totally from the usual
method of separating the fat by burning it with acid,
centrifuging it and measuring on a calibrated scale. In
measuring the specific gravity of the milk or the CLR the
basic principle of traditional method i.e. using a lactometer is
preserved, but the observation of lactometer reading is made
using electronics. Use of smart card is an additional feature of
this project & each farmer is provided with a unique ID
number .The daily transactions for each farmer are to be
stored on the internal memory as well as on a smart card of the
farmer. A smart card reader is installed in the bank preferably
in the vicinity of the dairy. There he can withdraw his payment
from the bank any time by producing his smart card in the
bank. This smart card provision coupled with the portability
of the Milk collection system makes it possible to collect
milk from those farmers who cannot take their milk to the
dairy due to economical, physical, geographical constraints.
The milk van equipped with the milk collection system and a
weighing scale can collect milk from such farmers.
II. MOTIVATION FOR PROJECT
As dairy industry is a joint business of farmer, so farmers
took more interest in it & because of this in India more
number of Cooperative dairies are formed. Time required for
processing this milk is more as after procuring the milk from
farmers at village cooperative societies it is then tested for the
quality by measuring the FAT content, density of milk &
quantity of milk. As this process is time consuming hence
farmers has to stay in a line for an hour or more. Secondly,
some milk collection centers do not have the costly milk
analyzing equipments so the sample of milk for testing was
stored in plastic bottles & tested only after milk collection
process was over, this means that a sample was examine after
a one or two hours. This led to unhygienic conditions & fear
of contamination at the center. Since all the measurement is
done manually & the values are also noted manually in
farmers membership card hence chances of errors in manual
calculation of quality & quantity by cooperative staff. Hence a
request from the cooperative staff to reduce above manual
work & to speed up the operation of milk collection, motivate
me to develop the Automatic milk analyzing and billing
system with an smart card.
Low Cost Milk Analyzing and Billing System
Using Electronic Card
1
Prof.S.V. Arote,
2
Prof. S.B. Lavhate ,
3
Prof.V.S. .Phatangare,
4
Prof. Taware Sachin S.,
5
Prof. Kadu Rahul N.,
6
Prof. Anap Sachin D.

ISSN 2249-6343
International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering (IJCTEE)
Volume 2, Issue 2
10
III. PRESENT METHODS OF MILK ANALYZING
As payment for the milk of farmers are based on the
quality of the milk which they delivered to the dairy & the
quality is decided on Fat, CLR, SNF & Weight of milk. Hence
their are various methods existing to measure Fat, CLR &
Weight which are described below.
A. FAT measurement
Gerber method
To measure the fat contents present in the milk chemical
reaction technique is used. These systems mainly use acids for
determining the fat. The 10ml of H
2
SO
4,
10.75ml milk & 1ml
Isoamyl alcohol is added together & fill it in a Butyrometer.
Then the Butyrometer tube containing this mixture is placed
in the centrifuge instrument, then after centrifuging it about
5min we will get the fat contents in the milk. This method is
known as Gerber method. [13] At a time approximately ten
milk samples can be tested in this method. Also proper
concentration of acid should be maintained to get desire
results. By using this system we can measure only fat contents
in the milk. This manual method of FAT testing is as shown in
Figure1 below.


Fig.1 Manual method of FAT testing
The centrifuge is device that basically consists of
centrifugal motor and on the shaft a provision is made for
connecting the ten tubes. The motor is run at its rated speed
for near about 5 minuets. After this we will get the fat contents
floating on the topside of sample. Figure 2 shows electrically
operated centrifuge.











Fig.2 Electrically operated Centrifuge.
Electronic Milko Tester (for Fat Measurement)
The instrument used to measure fat content instantaneously
on a digital readout. It does not involve the use of corrosive
chemicals.
Working Principle:
Milko tester as shown in Figure 3 is based on the principal
of photometric measurement of light scattered by the milk
sample. The light is scattered by the fat globules present in the
milk. The amount of light scattered by the milk sample is a
measure of the fat content in the milk.

Fig.3 Milko Tester
The milk sample needs to be homogenized before using it
for test .For this purpose 0.5 ml of milk is mixed with 6.5 ml
of reactant solution. The reactant solution of 10 liters is
prepared from EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid)
sachet powder (1 packet =52.6gms) + Antifoam (1.0ml) +
emulsifier (Triton-X-100 =0.5ml).This solution is then made
to pass through a syringe needle to disperse the fat globules
homogeneously throughout the sample solution. Then this
sample solution is introduced in the test tube and beam of light
is passed through it. The more the fat content in the milk,
more will be the amount of light scattered by the sample. Thus
the light reaching the photocell will vary with the fat in the
milk. The change in current is displayed in terms of % Fat
content. [16]
B. CLR measurement
Lactometer is used to measure the density of milk. From
lactometer reading we can find the water present in the milk.
More is the density of milk less will be the percentage of the
water. This instrument mainly contains glass tube containing
mercury or lead shots at the bottom side of it.
Manual method

Fig. 4 Manual method of CLR testing

ISSN 2249-6343
International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering (IJCTEE)
Volume 2, Issue 2

11



Above Figure 4 shows the manual method of CLR testing.
[15] By this method 70ml milk is taken in a measuring cylinder
& the density of milk is found by dipping a lactometer in a
milk sample. Because of this the lactometer displaces in milk
& by observing the calibrated scale marked on its stem the
density of milk is known. These readings are noted manually
in farmers membership card
Electronic method
The specific gravity of the milk is measured using a
Lactometer. The Auto CLR is a instrument incorporating
electronics to observe the lactometer reading .It is a patented
instrument by M/s Solid State Technologies, Pune. In this
case the manual process is preserved, only electronics is
added to it for making observations error free. Figure 5
shows the electronic CLR indicator & Figure.6 shows the
CLR analyzer.[17]


Fig. 5 Electronic CLR indicator

Fig.5 CLR analyzer

Working
120 ml of milk is poured in cylinder .The lactometer moves in
a vertical direction and attains a fixed floating position. The
lactometer reading is calibrated on scale on lactometer itself
.The reading on the lactometer corresponding to the level of
the milk gives the lactometer reading. But in Auto CLR we
measure this vertical movement electronically. The upper tip
of the lactometer is inserted in an encoder assembly. [17] As
the lactometer moves vertically then the encoder gives the
output signal which is calibrated as a measure of the
lactometer reading. This reading is given to the
microcontroller which calculates the CLR.
Weight measurement
When the farmers bring the milk at the Milk collection
center then it is first weighed for payment depending upon the
rates decided by the government. Following are the methods
used for weighing the milk.
Manual method
In this method the quantity of milk is measure by using the
measuring jars of known volume (500ml or 1 liter) by
counting them. The measurement is then recorded manually in
the farmers membership card.
Electronic method
In this method an electronic weighing Scale is used. Farmers
bringing their milk to the milk collection center where the
milk is poured into metal buckets (aluminum or stainless
steel) and weighed on an electronic weighing scale. The
weight is displayed in liter or in kilogram (Since
1liter=1.03kg) on a digital LED display. Figure 2.10 below
shows the electronic weighing machine.

Fig. 7 Electronic weighing machine

IV. BASIC COMPONENTS
To overcome the obstacles of present methods of milk
analysis explained in previous chapter, a Automatic Milk
Analyzing & Billing System is developed which is simple in
construction, easy to operate & which measures the
parameters such as Fat, CLR, SNF & total weight of the milk
and displays it on LCD display. For the billing purpose mainly
a smart card is used. This card is supplied to every farmer who
brings their milk to a particular milk collection center. The
data displayed on the LCD display is simultaneously written
on this card. By using data on the smart card payment is to be
calculated. User can take printouts of the payment.

ISSN 2249-6343
International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering (IJCTEE)
Volume 2, Issue 2
12
We can use PC interface also to maintain the year-by-year
record.
The basic components of this system mainly consist of -
1) Milk collection center.
2) Cash counter.
3) Electronic Card
A. Milk Collection Center
The Figure 8 shows block diagram of Milk collection
center & it mainly consist of following component.
1) Sensor
2) Signal conditioning
3) Microcontroller
4) Keyboard
5) LCD
6) Card connector
7) RTC

Fig.8 Block diagram of Milk collection center
Block diagram description
1) Sensor block: The sensor block contains sensor assembly,
which includes sensor for measuring weight, Fat and CLR of
the milk.
2) Signal Conditioning: Signal conditioning circuit convert
sensors output into standard form so as it is acceptable by
microcontroller.
3) Micro controller: All the processing of the signal, storage,
billing, and display is done by the microcontroller. The
microcontroller used is PIC16F877, which is having RISC
architecture.
4) LCD and keyboard: LCD and keyboard are connected to
the microcontroller to display the result and to enter the data
respectively.
5) Smart card connecter: Here a card is inserted to write the
data on the smart card.
6) Real Time Clock: The real time clock is used to log the data
with respect to time & date.
B. Cash Counter

Fig.9 Block diagram of Cash Counter
This section will totally based on the microcontroller. At
cash counter when user insert the smart card in the slot
provided on the card connector, microcontroller will read data
from smart card and send it to PC, where the payment is
calculated according to the predefined rate and data from the
smart card. Simultaneously, this total data can be displayed
on the PC or we can take the printouts of the payment. The
user can go anytime to collect his cash & once the payment
has been given to the farmer the data from the smart card can
be erased or next data can be overwrite on the smart card. The
same data can be stored on the computer. We have to make
the database in the computer for the particular parameter.
MAX 232 is used for the serial communication between
microcontroller & PC.
MAX 232
Since the RS232 is not compatible with todays
microcontrollers, we need a line driver (voltage converter) to
convert the RS232s signals to TTL voltage levels that will be
acceptable to the microcontrollers TxD & RxD pins.
MAX232 from Maxim Corp. [18] is a example of such
converter. The MAX232 converts from RS232 voltage levels
to TTL voltage levels & vice versa. One advantage of
MAX232 is that it uses a +5V power supply which is same as
the source voltage for PIC16F877. There are two sets of line
drivers for transferring & receiving data. Here we use only
one set only, that is T1 & R1 are used together for TxD &
RxD of PIC16F877. The T1IN is the TTL side & is connected
to TxD of the microcontroller while T1OUT is the RS232 side
that is connected to the RxD pin of RS232 DB connector. The
R1IN (pin13) is the RS232 side that is connected to the TxD
pin of the RS232 DB connector, & R1OUT (pin12) is the
TTL side that is connected to the RxD pin of the
microcontroller.[6]
Electronic Card
Smart card is simple memory card shown in the figure
below mainly used for the billing purpose. The day-by-day
data will be stored on the smart card. User can go any time to
collect his payment. After giving payment we can vanish the
total data on the smart card or we can overwrite the next
record on the previous as per our requirement. Due to this
memory can be used efficiently. This card mainly contains
flash memory AT24C04A for the data storing purpose. It
stores the different parameters of the milk such as fat, CLR,
SNF, total weight of the milk etc. for the particular user. Each
user will have his own card. The AT24C04A provides 4096
(4K) bits of serial electrically erasable and programmable
read only memory (EEPROM) organized as 512 words of 8
bits each. The device is optimized for use in many industrial
and commercial applications where low power and low
voltage operation are essential. The AT24C04A is available
in space saving 8-pin PDIP, 8-pin, 14-pin SOIC, and 8-pin
TSSOP packages and is accessed via a 2-wire serial interface.
In addition, the entire family is available in 5.0V (4.5V to
5.5V), 2.7V (2.7V to 5.5V), 2.5V (2.5V to 5.5V) and 1.8V
(1.8V to 5.5V) versions. Here for our application we use 8-pin
SOIC AT24C04A.[10] Figure 10 below shows electronic card
on which a serial EEPROM is mounted.

ISSN 2249-6343
International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering (IJCTEE)
Volume 2, Issue 2

13







Fig.10 Electronic card
V. EQUATION
A. SNF measurement
Once we got the values of CLR & FAT, easily we can
calculate SNF by using following formula.
[2]

SNF = (CLR reading / 4) + (FAT 0.21) + 0.36
VI. RESULTS
Center : SAI DAIRY
Customer ID: 01
Customer Name : Mr. ABHIRAJ

Date
Time LITER FAT CLR SNF RATE TOTAL
16/01/12 15:47 PM 5.800 3.8 29.0 8.4 9.35 54.23
13/01/12 16:36 PM 1.800 3.8 29.7 8.6 9.65 17.37
13/01/12 16:38 PM 0.700 3.9 24.1 7.2 6.5 4.55
12/01/12 15:16 PM 5.900 4 25.7 7.6 6.5 38.35
12/01/12 15:19 PM 0.800 3.7 27.6 8 8.15 6.52
12/01/12 15:47 PM 5.800 3.8 29.0 8.4 9.35 54.23
10/01/12 15:19 PM 1.400 3.8 29.5 8.5 9.6 13.44
09/01/12 23:38 PM 0.500 2.9 25.5 7.3 6.5 3.25
05/01/12 14:27 PM 0.700 3.7 27.6 8 8.15 5.705
5/01/12 14:30 PM 1.700 I 3.7 27.6 8 8.15 13.855
Total 211.5

Table .1 Final Report
VII. CONCLUSION
With the help of this system we are able to judge quality of
milk accurately, as well as farmers gets daily updating of
record & immediate payment status for the milk delivered.
Also farmers get the proper benefit according to quality of
milk and customer get the good quality milk. The cheap and
credible technology implemented in this dissertation
improves the delivery system by ensuring prompt payment to
the farmers and instilling their confidence in the dairy
industry, and also minimizing the problem of adverse
selection and defeating corruption. The elimination of manual
registers for all kinds of information and data storage is an
additional benefit of this dissertation. The milk collection
parameters such as weight, FAT & CLR are measured by this
system gives results same as the existing systems which are
more costly than the developed one.
VIII. CONCLUSION
A conclusion section is not required. Although a
conclusion may review the main points of the paper, do not
replicate the abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might
elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest
applications and extensions.

REFERENCES

[1] Rupak Chakravarty, a paper on IT at Milk Collection Centers in
Cooperative Dairies: The National Dairy Development Board
Experience, pp.37-47.
[2] Harold Macy, W.B. Combs & C.H. Eckles, Milk & Milk Products,
TMH, Fourth edition 1990.
[3] Jurjen Draaijer, Milk Producer group Resource Book a practical guide
to assist milk producer groups, pp.37-40.
[4] Tim wilmshurt,Designing embedded systems with PIC
Microcontroller principles and applications TMH
[5] Technical manual on Milkotester (Electronic), of M/s L & D
Electrotech, Jaipur.
[6] Operation Manual for Auto CLR/SNF Indicator, of M/s SST
Engineers, Pune.
[7] Steven Holzner, Visual Basic 6.0 programming black book.
[8] Peter Norton, Database Programming in VB.
[9] Super Bible, Visual Basic 6.0-Volume II.
[10] www.maxim-ic.com
[11] www.atmel.com
[12] http://www.nddb.org
[13] http://www.dairybusiness.com
[14] http://www.digitaldividend.org/pdf/akashganga.pdf
[15] http://www.microchip.com
[16] http://www.dairyequipments.com

Prof.S.V. Arote working as a Asst. profesor in dept.of E&TC at Pravara
Rural Engineering College, Loni did her PG in Electronics and working on
the research entitled Low Cost Milk Analyzing and Billing System Using
Electronic Card

Prof. S.B. Lavhate, Working as a H.O.D, Department of Electronics and
telecommunication Engineering,, PD.V.V.P. Polytechnic.-Loni, India,
Mobile: +919922444982

Prof.V.S. .Phatangare e working as a Asst. profesor in dept.of E&TC at
Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni did her PG in Electronics.


Prof. Taware Sachin S. working as a lecturer in dept.of E&TC at
Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni does his PG in Embedded and
VLSI and working on the research entitled Embedded E-documentation and
Magnetic Resonance Cavity

Prof. Kadu Rahul N. Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering,, P.R.E.C.-Loni.

Prof. Anap Sachin D. . working as a lecturer in dept.of E&TC at Pravara
Rural Engineering College, Loni does his PG in Embedded and VLSI and
working on the research entitled Embedded E-documentation.