7.

INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND MONITORING PROGRAMME

7.1 Introduction
In order to make sure that the proposed mitigatory measures are being implemented, and also to
check whether the predicted impacts are actually as anticipated, and are being mitigated by the
measures recommended in the Environmental Impact Assessment Report, it is necessary to
establish a Monitoring Program, and provide the necessary institutional set up to implement it.
This should be incorporated into the Proect Management !tructure itsel", rather than be
established as a completely separate unit, so that there is commitment to the environmental
management and monitoring by Proect Managers, who are responsible "or implementation o"
the Proect.
7.2 Institutional R!uir"nts
7.2.1 Pro#ct Mana$"nt Structur
The Proect Management !tructure proposed in the #orking $ra"t Environmental Management
Plan, Road $evelopment Authority %&an '(()* is shown in +ig ,.-. The Ministry o" .ighways /
Road $evelopment Authority %R$A* is the E0ecuting Agency "or the .ighway 1onstruction
Proect, while the Ministry o" Transport %M2T* is the E0ecuting Agency "or the Road !a"ety
1omponent %R!1* o" the Proect. There is a Proect $irector %P$* who is responsible "or the
implementation o" the Proect and will directly report to the !ecretary o" Ministry o" .ighways.
There are two $eputy Proect $irectors %$P$* "or the Proect3 one responsible "or the
construction and civil works and another responsible "or land ac4uisition, resettlement and
environmental aspects o" the Proect. The !upervision 1onsultants %!1* are responsible "or the
supervision o" construction activities o" the highway. .alcrow 5roup 6td. is the !1 "or the A$7
section and P1I "or the &7I1 section o" the Proect. +innroad in association with !urath
#ickramasinghe 6td is the M1 "or the proect. There are two site proect o""ices8 one "or the
&7I1 "inanced section and another "or the A$7 "inanced section.
As shown in +ig ,.-, the Monitoring o" Environmental and !ocial Impacts and implementation
o" special proects is the responsibility o" the Proect Managers operating "rom 9alutara 2""ice
"or the &7I1 section and 5alle 2""ice "or the A$7 section, being implemented by the Regional
2""icers at 7andaragama and $odangoda "or the &7I1 section and 9urundugahahetekma and
9amburupitiya "or the A$7 section respectively. At each Regional 2""ice there would be a
!ocial Impact Monitoring 2""icer, Environmental Impact Monitoring 2""icer, 7usiness
$evelopment 2""icer and 1ommunity Resettlement 2""icer, the latter two appointments to be
terminated a"ter one year o" completion o" the 6and Ac4uisition and Resettlement activities.
-
T.O - Technical Officer
CRO Community Resettlement Officer up to one year after LAR has been completed
SIMO Social Impacts Monitoring Officer
EIMO Enironmental Impacts Monitoring Officer
*Grievance Committees are external advisory bodies
not included in the number o cadres
!"O !usiness "eelopment Officer up to one year after LAR has been completed
#E$" O%%ICE #E$" O%%ICE& & R"$ ' (M) R"$ ' (M)
SET#SIRI($*$ SET#SIRI($*$
$ected (ersons + #ouseholds and !usinesses $ected (ersons + #ouseholds and !usinesses
Grievance
Committees*
Oices o the "istrict Secretary
Total number o sta in Re,ional Oices - ./ Technical and Administratie# $%
&inancial # '
Special Resettlement Officers ('
Support Staff # )'
%IE0" O%%ICES %IE0" O%%ICES Sta,e 1 Sta,e 1
A"! is proposed to finance incremental
costs for
resources mar*ed +ith red frames
En,ineers 213
Environmental Ex4ert 253
Chie $ccountant 253
$ccountant 253
MIS Mana,er 253
$dministrative Oicer 253
Cler6s 213
"ata Entry Operators ,(-
"riers ,(-
Office Aides ,(-
EIMO
(01)
CRO
(01)
SIMO
(02)
BDO
(01)
Data
Entry
Operator
(1)
Ofce
Aide
(1)
Watcher
(2)
Driver
(3)
Clerk
(2)
BDO
(01)
SI MO
(02)
EIMO
(01)
CRO
(01)
Data
Entry
Operator
(1)
Ofce
Aide
(1)
Watcher
(2)
Driver
(3)
Clerk
(2)
EI MO
(01)
CRO
(01)
SIMO
(02)
BDO
(01)
Data
Entry
Operator
(1)
Ofce
Aide
(1)
Watcher
(2)
Driver
(3)
Clerk
(2)
BDO
(01)
SI MO
(02)
EIMO
(01)
CRO
(01)
Data
Entry
Operator
(1)
Ofce
Aide
(1)
Watcher
(2)
Driver
(3)
Clerk
(2)
(ro7ect Mana,er 28!IC Section3
$dministration and Coordination o O4erations and $ssistance to $(s
9alutara Main Oice
(ro7ect Mana,er 2$"! Section3
$dministration and Coordination o O4erations
Galle Main Oice
Re,ional Oicer
"odan,oda Oic
Re,ional Oicer
9urundu,ahahete6ma Oice
Monitorin, o Socioeconomic and
Environmental Im4acts
Im4lementation o S4ecial (ro,rams
E:TER;$0 MO;ITORI;G E:TER;$0 MO;ITORI;G
Mana,ement Consultants
Environmental ' Social Im4act
Monitorin, S4ecialists 213
I;TER;$0 I;TER;$0
MO;ITORI;G MO;ITORI;G
Socio economic and
environmental Im4act
Monitorin, consultants 213
"e4uty (ro7ect "e4uty (ro7ect
"irectors 213 "irectors 213
Resettlement Oicer
9amburu,amu<a Oice
Monitorin, o Socioeconomic and
Environmental Im4acts
Im4lementation o S4ecial (ro,rams
Monitorin, o Socioeconomic and
Environmental Im4acts
Im4lementation o S4ecial (ro,rams
Re,ional Oicer
!andara,ama Oice
Monitorin, o Socioeconomic and
Environmental Im4acts
Im4lementation o S4ecial (ro,rams
T.O
(2)
En,ineer
213
Data
Entry
Operator
(1)
Driver
(2)
Watcher
(2)
Ofce
Aide
(1)
Cler*
,$-
T.O
(2)
En,ineer
213
Data
Entry
Operator
(1)
Driver
(2)
Watcher
(2)
Ofce
Aide
(1)
Cler*
,$-
*Only part of the Management Consultants. tas* is
sho+n here
Related to Socio economic and enironmental issues
'-st &une '((:
(RO=I;CI$0 $;" "ISTRICT (RO=I;CI$0 $;" "ISTRICT
O%%ICES O% R"$ O%%ICES O% R"$
(rovincial (rovincial
"irector "irector
R"A Local Representatie
Coordination of local actiities
Support and /ublic Relations
MO#'R"$ MO#'R"$
(ro7ect "irector (ro7ect "irector
GOS0 GOS0 $"!+ 8!IC $"!+ 8!IC
EM) EM)
EM) - Enironmental Management 0nit
+ig ,.-3 Proect Management !tructure, including the Environmental and !ocial Impact Mitigation and Monitoring
Re"erence3 #orking $ra"t Environmental Management Plan, Road $evelopment Authority
'
Environment
Environmental Monitorin, (ro,ram
Com4liance $ction (lan 2Miti,ation (lan3
Sam4lin, and Measurin, im4acts and 4arameters
(M)
E1ecuting Agency
Employer
MO#
E%cuti&
A$nc'
Contractor
2or*s
Mana,ement
Consultant
E1ternal Monitoring
Impact
Assessment
CE$
EIA
Environmental Mana,ement (lan
(ro7ect Environmental (ermit
S4ecial (ermits and licenses
$(s
Enironmental Conditions of Contract
Employer.s Responsibilities
Mitigation of Enironmental Impacts
Environmental
Monitorin,
Committee
Su4ervision
Consultant
&ollo+-up of compliance
$(s
Monitoring
Reporting
7.2.2 (EA En&iron"ntal Monitorin$ (o""itt
+or the purpose o" implementing the Environmental Management Plan, an Environmental
Monitoring 1ommittee %EM1* has been set up under the 1EA. The EM1 comprises
representatives "rom R$A, proect management unit %PM;*, representatives o" $ivisional
!ecretaries o" -< $! o""ices, and representatives "rom other relevant 5overnment Agencies.
EM1 will have meetings with a""ected persons %AP* or their representatives. The
implementation o" mitigation measures arising "rom the Environmental Assessment, and as
outlined in section < o" this Report will be the responsibility o" the PM;, proect consultants,
and contractors. The independent monitoring team will monitor the implementation o" the EMP
and will report to the EM1 through the 1EA. +igure ,.' outlines the process and the reporting
mechanism.
7.2.) En&iron"ntal Mana$"nt R!uir"nts
*i$ 7.2+ En&iron"ntal Monitorin$ Procss and R,ortin$ Mc-anis"
7.2.. Pr/(onstruction Monitorin$0Anal'sis Actions
Prconstruction n&iron"ntal data ar r,ortd in t- EIA R,ort as 1t- E%istin$
En&iron"nt and Sit Dscri,tion2.
=
7.2.3 En&iron"ntal Mana$"nt in Pr/(onstruction and (onstruction
Acti&itis
$uring the construction phase it is important that the proect area is intensely monitored in order
to ensure that both M!# produced by the work"orce and construction generated wastes are
properly managed or that a proper plan to collect and sa"ely dispose the wastes is available. It is
also recommended that daily records are maintained pertaining to the amount o" solid waste
disposed.
Moreover the accommodation units given "or the work"orce should be thoroughly inspected to
ensure that ade4uate "acilities are available with re"erence to toilet and bathroom "acilities, solid
waste disposal systems and reliable potable water supply. #ith re"erence to proper collection
and disposal o" M!# it is o" paramount importance to ensure that ade4uate amount o" bins are
available in the proect area as well as in the accommodation units, hence to ensure that there is
no unnecessary, nuisance collection o" garbage heaps.
7.2.4 Su,r&ision o5 O,rational 6aslin Monitorin$ and *urt-r Anal'ss
7.) Or$ani7ation and Sta55in$
7.).1 Pro#ct Mana$"nt Unit 8PMU9
The PM; will comprise a Proect $irector %P$*, who will responsible "or the implementation
o" the proect. The P$ will also be responsible to report directly to the !ecretary o" the Ministry
o" .ighways %Mo.*. In addition to the P$, there will be ' $eputy Proect $irectors %$P$*.
2ne o" the $P$s will be a 4uali"ied and well e0perienced 1ivil Engineer who will be
responsible "or the construction and civil works. The other $P$ will be responsible "or land
ac4uisition, resettlement and environmental aspects o" the proect. The !upervision 1onsultants
%!1* .alcrow 5roup 6imited will be responsible "or the supervision o" the construction
activities. The Proect Manager will be assisted by ' engineers, ' technical o""icers and even
several Regional 2""icers and Resettlement 2""icers %+ig. ,.-*. The Regional and Resettlement
2""icers will be responsible to deal with environmental issues, social aspects, etc. and the
persons to be employed "or these tasks will be persons having 4uali"ications and e0perience in
the relevant "ields.
There will be a separate consultancy group responsible "or e0ternal monitoring o"
environmental and social impacts o" the proect. They would be directly responsible to the P$.
The consultants will have "ield level o""icers who are undertaking monitoring activities on a
continuous basis. +or the !outhern .ighway 1omponent %!.1* the 5overnment o" !ri 6anka
has established a Proect 1oordination 1ommittee %P11*. The P11 will be responsible to
coordinate the A$7 "inanced components o" the !.1, in particular land ac4uisition and
resettlement, adverse environmental impact mitigation, technical standards, scheduling, etc.
The 1hairperson o" the P11 is the !ecretary %Mo.* and other permanent members include
representatives "rom E0ternal Resources $epartment %ER$* o" the Ministry o" +inance and
Planning, Ministry o" Transport, R$A, >ational Planning $epartment, &7I1, A$7, 1EA, M1,
Road !a"ety consultants and !1. Management 1onsultants %M1* acts as the !ecretary o" the
P11.
Management 5roup %M5* will be responsible to coordinate the practical implementation
activities o" the !outhern Transport $evelopment Proect %!T$P* in Mo.. The !ecretary
:
%Mo.* is the chairman o" the M5. 2ther permanent members include 1hairman %R$A*,
5eneral Manager %R$A* and P$ %PM;*. M1 acts as the !ecretary o" M5.
7.).2 En&iron"ntal E!ui,"nt Nds
7.).) E%,ansion o5 RDA En&iron"ntal Sta55 PMU Dutis
7.. Monitorin$ Pro$ra""
It is imperative to conduct a comprehensive environmental monitoring programme by the R$A
with assistance "rom reputed and independent Research and $evelopment 2rgani?ations such as
Industrial Technology Institute %ITI* or >ational 7uilding and Research 2rgani?ation %>7R2*
with respect to the di""erent segments o" the environment in the vicinity o" the highway. This is
very crucial in order to assess the per"ormance or success o" the implemented mitigatory
measures. In this respect there are ' basic environmental monitoring tasks to assess the success
o" mitigation and identi"ying residual impacts. They are
1onstruction compliance monitoring
Post construction monitoring o" maintenance and operational proect activities including air,
noise and water 4uality baseline conditions
Pre@construction monitoring aspects such as sur"ace water 4uality, groundwater 4uality, air
4uality and noise levels seems to be not necessary in the R$A and combined trace in the A$7
section. This is because data on sur"ace water 4uality, ground water 4uality, air 4uality and noise
level measurements in the A$7 section have been undertaken by the ITI and the ;niversity o"
Moratuwa as e0plained in 1hapter : %E0isting Environment and !ite $escription*.
.owever in the case o" the 5alle Port Access Road section pre@construction monitoring has to be
undertaken to determine the baseline conditions in detail in addition to construction compliance
monitoring and monitoring during the operation o" the highway.
Although the ;niversity o" Moratuwa has carried out some water 4uality analysis o" the water
bodies 'A!# and =(!# in the 5alle Port Access Road !ection as e0plained in 1hapter :
%E0isting Environment and !ite $escription*, it is still imperative to carry out a detailed
monitoring o" e0isting sur"ace water 4uality with re"erence to the presence o" heavy metals and
organic pesticides at least twice a year during both dry and wet seasons. It should be noted that
the actual positions o" measurements could be slightly di""erent and there"ore e""orts must be
made to measure downstream o" the road trace.
In the case o" groundwater 4uality monitoring wells that are likely to be in the vicinity o" the
construction sites and borrow areas have to be considered. The actual number o" wells "or
monitoring purposes could be decided by the R$A a"ter a "ield visit. Monitoring o" groundwater
4uality too should be monitored at least twice a year during both wet and dry bseasons.
#ith re"erence to air 4uality monitoring the monitoring locations should include any location
close to 5alle %$evata* and any new sensitive area identi"ied later. It should be noted that air
4uality measurements have to be undertaken twice a year during both south@west and north@east
monsoon seasons. E0isting noise level measurements should be undertaken during the day time
)
%de"ined as <.(( am B ,.(( pm* and night time %"rom ,.(( pm B <.(( am on the "ollowing day*
and any location close to 5alle %$evata* and any new sensitive area identi"ied later should be
considered as important monitoring locations.
It should be noted that during the construction phase the contractor under the directions o" the
R$A should accept a maor responsibility in undertaking the monitoring aspects with assistance
"rom reputed R C $ organi?ations. In other words the R$A needs to supervise these monitoring
activities carried out by the contractor and relevant reports have to be given to the 1EA. At the
operational stage, the R$A is re4uired to undertake the monitoring aspects %with assistance "rom
reputed R C $ organi?ations* with subse4uent submission o" relevant reports to the 1EA.
7...1 (EA Guidlin O&r&i:
7...2 (EA Rco""ndd Monitorin$ A,,roac- and E&aluation (ritria
7...) (EA Rco""ndd R,ortin$ A,,roac-
7.... Pro,osd Monitorin$ Pro$ra""
7.....1 Monitorin$ o5 ;'drolo$ical As,cts
The hydrological aspects o" the proect area should be monitored during the construction phase
to ensure minimi?ed hydrological and drainage e""ects such as "lood levels, ponding and water
logging and depletion o" ground water, drainage continuity in headway drains, and ade4uacy o"
permanent and temporary openings. !imilarly during the operational phase monitoring o" the
hydrological aspects has to be carried out to minimi?e landslides and e0cess erosion o" slopes
and waterways with corresponding silting o" the eroded soil, and also to ensure that "loods will
sa"ely pass through the drainage structures, without upstream retention.
The Engineer and the contractor with substantial assistance "rom the $istrict Irrigation Engineer
shall be responsible to undertake monitoring o" hydrological aspects during the construction
phase and the R$A shall be responsible to carry out this task during the operational phase.
$uring the construction phase the parameters to be monitored need to include water table, water
levels, "low velocities , p. value, !2
:
'D
content, +e content, sediment level , !!, new drainage
layout and drainage structure "unction. The monitoring locations should include areas where
acidic or high sul"ate soils, embankment areas in "lood plains, and deep cut sections below
ground water level, water levels ust upstream o" embankment, areas where soil contains high
iron pyrites, erodable areas/cut and "ill sections. Also general low lying high "lood prone areas,
irrigation schemes %paddy grown areas*, maor drainage structures such as bridges, culverts
should be considered too.
$uring the operational phase the parameters to be monitored need to include records o" rain"all
pattern/seasons, records o" "lood levels and duration, stability o" vegetation cover a"ter
construction and "unctions o" constant surveillance programs as part o" routine maintenance. The
monitoring locations should include newly constructed or created embankments with vegetation
cover. Monitoring during the operational phase has to be carried out be"ore and during the rainy
seasons.
<
7.....2 <atr Qualit' Monitorin$
7.....2.1. Sur5ac <atr Qualit' Monitorin$ in t- AD6 Sction and Gall Port Accss
Road Sction
There needs to be a comprehensive monitoring o" the water bodies "rom ':!# to 'E!# in the
in the A$7 !ection and water bodies 'A!# and =(!# in the 5alle Port Access Road area.
!ur"ace water 4uality monitoring has to be carried out during the construction phase to avoid
contamination o" water by construction and related activities as accidental oil spills, disposal o"
solid waste, spoil, construction material and domestic wastewater, and also during the
operational phase to ensure the water sources will not be spoilt due to tra""ic, during
maintenance work and accidental spills, etc.
#ater 4uality monitoring should be carried out by the contractor during the construction phase
and by the R$A during the operational phase %as directed by the 1EA* with assistance "rom ITI
or >7R2. Monitoring has to be done at least once in < months during both construction and
operational phase. It is imperative that sampling or monitoring "re4uency is such that both dry
and wet season period are covered in order to evaluate the e""ect o" high evaporation rates on
pollutant levels during the dry season and rain induced dilution o" the waters on pollutant levels
during the rainy periods. !amples to be collected "or analysis shall be grab samples in triplicate
to achieve better accuracy and wherever possible sampling has to be carried out at various
locations in the water bodies to get a better insight into pollution patterns. In other words the
sampling locations in the water bodies needs to encompass areas closer to the highway and areas
not in the vicinity o" the highway %to be considered as re"erence points*. It should be noted that
the actual positions o" measurements could be slightly di""erent and there"ore e""orts must be
made to measure downstream o" the road trace. .owever, i" there is a probable proect activity
causing water 4uality deterioration signi"icantly, a separate monitoring in the a""ected locality is
recommended.
The parameters to be monitored needs to include p., turbidity, electrical conductivity, total and
"aecal coli"orm levels, salinity, T!!, T$!, 12$, 72$
)
, $2, oil C grease, 1l
@
, T>, >.
:
@>,
>2
'
@
, >2
=
@
, TP, organic pesticides and various heavy metals such as Pb, +e, Fn, 1d, 1r, .g and
As. The parameters measured have to be assessed with re"erence to the 1EA proposed ambient
water 4uality standards "or inland sur"ace waters B 1lass II #aters %!ensitive #aters* B 7athing
%Ta=l >>*. All other parameters %"or which no ambient standards have been stipulated yet in
the !ri 6ankan legislation* have to be assessed with re"erence to the A>FE11 %'(((* guidelines
"or recreational values %Table GGG*.
Ta=l %%3 Proposed ambient water 4uality standards "or inland waters
Para"tr Sti,ulatd ?alu
p. <@A
$2 at ')
(
1 %mg/l, ma0* )
72$ %) days or = days at ')
(
1* %mg/l* :
12$ %mg/l* '(
>2
=
@
%mg/l* )
>.
:
@> %mg/l*
at p. H ,.)
at p. I E
at p. I E.)
@
@
@
TP %mg/l* (.,
,
1l
@
%mg/l* @
2il and grease %mg/l* (.'
>i %mg/l* (.-
.g %mg/l* (.((-
Fn %mg/l* -
As %mg/l* (.()
Total coli"orms %MP>/-(( ml* -(((
+aecal coli"orms %MP>/-(( ml* )(
Ta=l @@@. A>FE11 %'(((* guidelines "or recreational waters
Para"tr Guidlin &alus 8 $0LA unlss
ot-r:is statd9
Inor$anic +
1admium )
1hromium )(
>itrate@> -((((
>itrite@> -(((
Ot-r c-"icals +
Aluminium '((
Ammonia %as >* -(
1opper -(((
Psticids +
Aldrin -
$$T =
$ieldrin -
Endosul"an :(
In addition to water 4uality monitoring it is also imperative to undertake sampling and analysis
o" sediments "rom various locations in the water bodies o" the A$7 and 5alle Port Access Road
!ections at least once in < months particularly during the operational phase. This is important to
be carried out in order to avoid contamination o" sediments hence subse4uent adverse impacts
on biota especially benthic "auna due to post construction related activities %e.g. disposal o"
sewage and industrial wastewaters and ha?ardous industrial solid wastes such as slurries and
sludges, urban run@o"", etc.*. In this respect this task also has to be carried out by the R$A with
assistance "rom ITI or >7R2. It should be noted that sediments should be collected in duplicate
and the parameters to be monitored needs to include heavy metals %As, Fn, .g, Pb, 1d, 1r, >i*,
organo@chlorides and other organic pesticides and P2
:
=@
. The measured parameters should be
assessed with re"erence to the A>FE11 %'(((* guidelines "or sediment 4uality %Table J* in
view o" the "act that no sediment 4uality guidelines are still available in !ri 6anka.
Ta=l?. Recommended A>FE11 %'(((* sediment 4uality guidelines
(onta"inant ISQG/Lo:
8Tri$$r
&alu9
ISQG/;i$-
METALS 8"$0B$ dr' :t9
Antimony ' ')
1admium -.) -(
1hromium E( =,(
1opper <) ',(
E
6ead )( ''(
Mercury (.-) -
>ickel '- )'
!ilver - =.,
Finc '(( :-(
METALLOIDS 8"$0B$ dr'
:t.9
Arsenic '( ,(
ORGANOMETALLI(S
Tributyltin %g !n/kg dry wt.*
) ,(
ORGANI( 8$0B$ dr' :t.9
b
Acenaphthene -< )((
Acenaphthalene :: <:(
Anthracene E) --((
+luorene -A ):(
>aphthalene -<( '-((
Phenanthrene ':( -)((
6ow Molecular #eight PA.s
c
))' =-<(
7en?o%a*anthracene '<- -<((
7en?o%a*pyrene :=( -<((
$iben?o%a,h*anthracene <= '<(
1hrysene =E: 'E((
+luoranthene <(( )-((
Pyrene <<) '<((
.igh Molecular #eight PA.s
c
-,(( A<((
Total PA.s :((( :)(((
Total $$T -.< :<
p.pK@$$E '.' ',
o,pK@ L p,pK@$$$ ' '(
1hlordane (.) <
$ieldrin (.(' E
Endrin (.(' E
6indane (.=' -
Total P17s '= @
It is also necessary that the R$A make necessary arrangements with ITI or >7R2 to carry out
the ;! Environmental Protection Agency %;!EPA* developed to0icity characteristics leaching
protocol %T16P* test "or the sediments that are highly contaminated with heavy metals in order
to evaluate the potential desorption or releasing o" contaminants into the water column, hence
availability to biota %a scenario that could occur during changing environmental conditions such
as p. and Eh*. The T16P test results obtained have to be assessed with re"erence to the
standards given in Table ;;;.
Table ;;;. T16P leaching test B recommended acceptance criteria "or suitability o" industrial
wastes "or land"ill disposal
(onta"inant R$ulator' L&l 8"$0l9
>i @
1r )
A
Mn )(
Pb )
As )
1d -
.g (.'
+e -((
Ag )
Fn -((
1u -((
!e -
7.....2.2. Ground:atr Qualit' Monitorin$ in t- AD6 Sction and Gall Port Accss
Road Sction
In addition to the monitoring o" water 4uality in sur"ace water bodies it is also imperative to
carry out monitoring o" groundwater 4uality to avoid deterioration arising due to construction
activities and post construction related activities such as development o" secondary activities
along the road traces. This task has to be carried out by the contractor and the R$A %as directed
by the 1EA* during the construction phase and operational phase, respectively with assistance
"rom ITI or >7R2. The monitoring "re4uency needs to be at least once in < months and the
monitoring period should include the dry and wet seasons. The monitoring locations should
include the wells near the construction site and borrow areas. In this respect all the wells
selected at the pre@construction phase should be selected as monitoring locations during the
construction phase. I" any construction activity a""ects the groundwater signi"icantly in a given
area, such locations must be monitored separately. $uring the operational phase wells that have
been identi"ied as having a high a""inity "or deterioration due to tra""ic should be selected "or
monitoring. I" any operation activity a""ects the groundwater signi"icantly in a given area, such
locations must be monitored separately.
The parameters to be monitored needs to include the depth o" groundwater, p., electrical
conductivity, total and "aecal coli"orm levels, total hardness, total alkalinity, !2
:
'@
, 1l
@
, T!!,
T$!, 72$
)
, $2, T>, >.
:
@>, >2
'
@
, >2
=
@
, TP, organic pesticides and various heavy metals such
as +e, Mn, Pb, Fn, 1d, 1r, .g, etc. The measured physicochemical, microbiological and
chemical parameters have to be assessed with re"erence to the drinking water guidelines
stipulated by the #.2/!6! -AEA8 Part - C ' "or .uman 1onsumption.
7.....) Air Qualit' Monitorin$
Air 4uality monitoring has to be carried out by the contractor during the construction phase to
minimi?e air pollution, hence to ensure maintenance o" 1EA stipulated ambient air 4uality
standards %Ta=l >>*. !imilarly air 4uality monitoring has to be carried out by the R$A during
the operational phase in order to minimi?e air pollution "rom road usage activities. In this
respect assistance "rom ITI or >7R2 has to be obtained.
Monitoring o" air 4uality aspects has to be carried out every ' weeks and depending on
complaints "rom local people at relevant premises during the construction phase. $uring the
operational phase the monitoring "re4uency needs to be at least once in < months.
In the A$7 section the monitoring locations needs to include the locations ,A to -'A monitored
by the ITI in &une, '((=. In the 5alle Port Access Road !ection any location close to 5alle
-(
%$evata* should be considered "or monitoring purposes. Also any new sensitive area identi"ied
should be monitored too during the construction and/or operational phase. I" any construction
activity a""ects an area signi"icantly, then a separate monitoring plan must be carried out at such
locations. !imilarly i" any operation activity a""ects an area signi"icantly, separate monitoring
plan must be carried out at the relevant locations.
It should be noted that during air 4uality monitoring the prevailing weather conditions such as
wind speed and direction, sunlight intensity, etc. should be taken into consideration. The
parameters to be monitored during both phases o" the proect should include >2
0
, 12, !2
'
,
ground level 2
=
, Pb, PM -(, !PM %!uspended Particulate Matter/dust* and Pb with re"erence to
1EA stipulated standards "or ambient air 4uality %Table 00*. The necessary air 4uality
parameters should be measured using the standard approved tests given in Table 00. The values
e0pressed should be at least E hour and ': averages where necessary during the construction
phase and at least - hour and ': hour averages during the operational phase.

Table ). 1EA standards "or ambient air 4uality and approved measurement methods "or the air
4uality parameters to be monitored
Pollutant A&ra$in$ Ti" Unit Standard Masur"nt Mt-od
12 - hr
E hr
ppm '<.-
E.,
>on@dispersive in"rared
spectroscopy
>2
'
': hr
E hr
- hr
ppm (.()
(.(E
(.-=
1olorimetry using
!alt?man method or gas
phase chemiluminescence
!2
'
': hr
- hr
E hr
ppm (.(=
(.(E
(.()
Pararosamiline method or
Pulsed "luorescent method
2
=
- hr ppm (.(- 1hemiluminescence
method or ultraviolet
photometric method
Pb ': hr Mg/m
=
' .igh volume sampling,
wet ashing and AA!
!PM ': hr
- hr
E hr
Mg/m
=
=((
)((
=)(
.igh@volume sampling and
gravimetry
In addition to air 4uality monitoring regular monitoring o" vehicular emissions would be o"
paramount importance during the operational phase in order to ensure that air pollution caused
by vehicles is low or insigni"icant. The parameters to be monitored should include >2
0
, !2
'
,
12 and !PM with re"erence to emission standards. Also Pb levels have to be analy?ed in the
case o" petrol powered vehicles with re"erence to the emission standards. Monitoring o"
vehicular emissions too has to be carried out by R$A by making arrangements with ITI or
>7R2 and specially trained Police personnel as has been practiced in some developed
countries.
7...... Nois0Ground ?i=ration Monitorin$
>oise level monitoring is essential to ensure that noise emissions arising during construction
works %due to activities such as trucks transporting construction material "rom 4uarry sites, pile
driving activities, blasting, etc.* and operational activities %due to e0pected increase in tra""ic
"low* are minimal. !imilarly vibration levels should be intensely monitored during the
--
construction phase. The important parameters to be measured should include mean sound level
%6e4 %':**, day@night sound levels %6dn* %E( d7a, day8 )) d7a night*, 6A, e4 one hour at day
time, 6A e4, -) minutes at night time, peak particle velocity and air blast over pressure level
%A72P*.
>oise monitoring should be done by the contractor during the construction phase and by the
R$A during the operational phase with the consultation and assistance "rom >7R2 or ITI. The
noise monitoring "re4uency needs to be at least once in ' months during both phases. .owever
during the construction phase monitoring o" noise levels should also be carried out as and when
re4uired or depending on complaints "rom local people at their premises. Moreover
vibration/A72P levels too have to be regularly monitored depending on complaints "rom local
people at their premises and whenever blasting activities or any other vibration inducing
activities are likely to be carried. In this respect special attention should be paid to the
development o" cracks and crevices in nearby building structures with care"ul regular
monitoring. +urther it is recommended that daily records are maintained on the amount o"
e0plosive material used "or rock blasting. $uring rock blasting the vibration at a distance o" -((
m should also be measured and records should be maintained.
The noise monitoring locations needs to include all populated areas in the A$7 section and
5alle Port Access Road area and other identi"ied noise sensitive areas such as schools and
religious sites occurring in the A$7 section %i.e. noise sensitive areas located in the vicinity o"
the highway*. In the case o" the A$7 section the areas that were monitored by ITI in >ovember
'(('@+ebruary '((= %i.e. the locations ,> to -'>* should be considered as potential monitoring
locations during the construction and operational phase "or comparison purposes. In the 5alle
Port Access Road !ection any location close to 5alle %$evata* and any new sensitive area
identi"ied should be considered as monitoring locations. +urther the rock blasting sites, crusher
plant sites, piling sites and sites where concrete and asphalt plants are located should be
considered as important monitoring locations during the construction phase. .owever it should
be noted that i" any construction activity and/or operation activity causes signi"icant noise and
vibration, such locations must be monitored separately.
The noise levels measured during the construction phase has to be assessed with re"erence to the
ma0imum permissible construction noise levels o" ,) d7%A* and )( d7%A* stipulated "or
daytime %de"ined as <.(( am B ,.(( pm* and night time %"rom ,.(( pm B <.(( am on the
"ollowing day* activities, respectively. The noise levels measured during the operational phase
has to be assessed with re"erence to the relevant limit stipulated by the +.#A depending on the
type or category o" land or area that is encountered in the monitoring area o" concern. +or
e0ample the +.#A limit "or 1ategory 7 lands such as residential areas and schools is <, d7%A*.
It should also be noted that monitoring o" noise levels has to be carried out inside residences and
other noise sensitive areas during the operational phase and the measured values have to be
assessed with re"erence to the +.#A stipulated limit o" )' d7%A* %interior*.
7.....3 Social I",acts and Rsttl"nt Monitorin$
7.....4 Monitorin$ Natural En&iron"nt
7.....7 Road Accidnts / Durin$ O,ration
$uring the operational phase it is imperative that the R$A plays a signi"icant role in monitoring
road accidents at least once in = months in order to control serious and "atal accidents on the
-'
e0pressway due to and increased number o" accidents on access roads. In this respect the
important parameters to be monitored should include law en"orcement e""iciency, su""iciency o"
programs on road user in"ormation systems /education, tra""ic signs and road markings, success
o" emergency services and proper "unctioning o" accident review committee. The monitoring
locations should encompass the sensitive locations B black spots identi"ied by 1onsultants.
Records o" accident review committee.
7.....C Gar=a$ Dis,osal / Durin$ O,ration
Regular surveys and supervision works have to be carried out by the R$A at least once in '
months with assistance "rom the relevant local authorities to ensure that ade4uate bins and
containers are available "or solid waste collection and disposal and to control garbage disposal
by road users creating pollution and aesthetic discom"ort. Also there needs to be a regular
supervision o" the garbage collection "re4uency and cleaning o" roads.
The parameters to be monitored need to include the e""iciency o" establishment o" relevant
programmes and success"ulness o" their "unctions, and ade4uacy o" bins "or garbage collection
and e""iciency o" garbage collectors and road cleaners. The monitoring locations should
encompass places where bins are kept along the highway, crowded areas such as interchanges,
bus halts, places where vehicles are allowed to park and aesthetically attractive places.
7.....D Trans,ortation o5 Dan$rous Goods / Durin$ O,ration
Transportation o" dangerous goods including prescribed wastes has to be care"ully monitored by
the R$A with assistance "rom Police, personnel "rom the 1EA and "ire emergency services and
other law en"orcement agencies on a daily basis in order to control spills and vapour emissions
and subse4uent environmental pollution. The parameters to be monitored should encompass
re4uirements/standards "or licensing o" transporting such dangerous chemicals, appropriate
marking o" the dangerous transport vehicles, speeds o" vehicles, appropriate coverage o" open
trucks and other vehicles involved in transporting dangerous goods, and care"ul inspection o"
such vehicles to ensure that other crucial, basic measures %where necessary* described in section
<.=.). %Transportation o" $angerous 1hemicals/5oods* o" this report are implemented during
transport.
Records pertaining to type and 4uantity o" material transported, etc. have to be maintained by
relevant authorities. 1opies o" these records should be made readily available to relevant law
en"orcement organi?ations including the 1EA as and when re4uired. The locations to be
monitored should be care"ully identi"ied and the main entrances o" the highway have to be
included as a potential monitoring location.
7.....7 Ot-r As,cts o5 Monitorin$
The maintenance o" bu""er ?ones and landscaping in the vicinity o" the highway, especially
where it is used "or mitigation o" noise and air pollution has to be monitored by the R$A with
assistance "rom relevant local authorities. The monitoring locations need to include areas o" the
highway where ?onation and landscaping using a greenways concept has been done.
The noise barriers built in areas where noise sensitive areas %1ategory 7 lands and areas* are
occurring have to be monitored by the R$A on a daily basis "or any breakage or development o"
cracks or gaps so that immediate repairing could be carried out.
-=
!econdary development activities occurring in the neighbourhood o" the roads has to be
care"ully monitored by R$A with assistance "rom ;$A at least every ' months in order to
prevent any negative impacts on air 4uality, water bodies and even groundwater 4uality due to
activities such as illegal dumping o" municipal solid wastes and even industrial solid wastes
containing ha?ardous materials and disposal o" untreated sewage and industrial wastewaters.
This task has to be carried out in the "orm o" surveys. The monitoring locations should be
care"ully identi"ied with the surveys.
$uring the operational phase it is anticipated that road maintenance activities would be re4uired
to be carried. Although these activities are temporary the mitigatory measures applicable "or the
construction phase with re"erence to minimi?ation o" sur"ace and groundwater 4uality
deterioration, air 4uality deterioration, high noise generation and generation o" construction
associated solid wastes are also applicable "or the maintenance construction activities where
deemed necessary. All the relevant measures should be implemented by the R$A and the
contractor. It is also imperative that during road maintenance construction works environmental
monitoring is carried out by the R$A and contractor with assistance "rom ITI or >7R2 in order
to minimi?e or avoid environmental pollution and generation o" high disturbing noise levels.
This task should be carried out throughout the period o" the maintenance works and depending
on complaints made by neighbouring communities especially with re"erence to dust and noise
levels.
7...3 <orB Plan 5or Monitorin$ Pro$ra""
7...4 (ost Esti"ats 5or Monitorin$ Pro$ra""
7...7 Mc-anis"s 5or *d=acB and Ad#ust"nt
7...C O=sr&ations on <orBin$ Dra5t o5 EMP
7...D Rco""ndations
-: