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CONSULTING ENGINEER
INSPECTION OF ROOFS
DOORS & WINDOWS
Observations
The following tasks were required to investigate and evaluate the damage
observed at the inspected residence:
• Performed a visual, non-destructive assessment of the residence to
document, photograph and assess the condition of the roof.
• Did a thorough manipulation of the shingles to verify their actual condition
as far as workmanship, glue strip condition and results of wind up-lift.
On a scale that ranges from 1 to 6, with 6 being highest destructive potential, Ike
earned a 5.6 on September 11 at 12:30 p.m. EDT. In comparison to Ike,
hurricanes Katrina and Wilma, both from the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
peaked at 5.1. As such, had Ike made landfall as a Category 3 or higher, the
hurricane would have likely had a record breaking storm surge and the potential
for damage could have been worse than what was seen with Hurricane Katrina.
Ike was blamed for at least 195 deaths. Of these, 74 were in Haiti, which was
already trying to recover from the impact of three storms earlier that year: Fay,
Gustav, and Hanna. In the United States, 112 people were killed, and 34 are still
missing. Damages from Ike in US coastal and inland areas are estimated at
$24 billion (2008 USD), with additional damage of up to $4 billion in Cuba, $200
million in the Bahamas, and $60 million in the Turks and Caicos, amounting to a
total of $28.26 billion in damages. Ike was the third costliest U.S. hurricane of all
time, behind Hurricane Andrew of 1992 and Hurricane Katrina of 2005. Hurricane
Wilma of 2005 had a damage figure higher than Ike's coastal area damage, but
lower than Ike's total US damage.
During the day of September 12, Ike began a slow turn to the north and then
northeast. After losing strength to Tropical Storm force winds, it passed 100 miles
(160 km) to the east of Dallas, Texas; and west of Little Rock, Arkansas. It
became a Tropical Depression and continued northeast, passing near St. Louis,
Missouri. It brought heavy rainfall all along its path, but moved more quickly the
farther north it went.
Research of weather information in and around the area of the Mills Apartment
complex in Houston found both sustained and peak wind gusts data from
different weather monitoring sites At these locations, sustained winds in the 92-
98 mph range were experienced with peak wind gusts ranging from 101–115
mph. Also, an Estimated Peak Wind Analysis done by the NOAA shows that the
area around the Mills Complex experienced wind gusts near 120 mph. This
could make the peak wind gusts experienced at the Mills Complex equivalent to
a Category 2 Hurricane. According to the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale,
damage to structures includes “some roofing material, door and window
damage to buildings.”
From the above observations in the area it is safe to assume that hurricane Ike
strained this roof with the uplift loads of a wind velocity of 85 mph. With this wind
velocity, as per the ASCE 7 Standard, for an enclosed building category II,
1.-Front of Building.
2.-Façade.
3.-Roof damages covered by tarp. There are leaks underneath
4.-More roof damages in another area, different unit affected.
1.-Front of Building.
2.-Façade.
3.-Roof damages Many missing tabs
4.-More roof damages in another area.
1. to 4.- In every roof surface we found missing tabs and loose shingles.
Even with the original layer of shingles still there, there are water intrusion
problems in the apartments below.
1.- Pop-up nails due to high negative pressures from hurricane winds
2.- Missing shingles
3.- Damaged shingles around vents.
4.- Missing tabs in perimeter.
1.- Building ID
2.- Structure
3.- Missing shingles
4.- Missing shingles in another roof area
1.-Damaged ridge.
2. and 3.- Debris from trees and damaged shingles.
4.- Missing shingles from the upper layer of roof.
1.-Building I.D.
2.-Building structure
3.-Debris from the hurricane with damaged shingles
4.-Damaged shingles
1.-Building ID
2.- Building structure
3. to 4.- Damaged shingles
1.-Building ID
2.- Building structure
3. to 4.- Damaged shingles
Damaged areas
The roof membrane and the vents were damaged by the hurricane winds.
This roof shows damaged shingles and missing tabs in all areas
1.-Building ID
2.-Building structure
3.-Missing ridge
4.-Missing entire roof section
1.-Building ID
2.-Building structure
3 and 4.-Roof damages
There are damages done by the hurricane in all roof areas. Both layers of
roof are compromised.
1.-Building ID
2.-Building structure
3 and 4.-Roof damages
Roof damages
1.-Building ID
2.-Building structure
3 and 4.-Roof damages
In all the roofs the vents and other types of equipment installed in the roof
surface experienced damages caused by debris driven by the hurricane
winds. The roof surface is damaged all over the building.
Roof damages.
1.-Building ID
2.-Building structure
3 and 4.-Roof damages
1.-Front of Building.
2.-Façade.
3.-Roof damages covered by tarp. There are leaks underneath
4.-More roof damages in another area, different unit affected.
1.-Front of Building.
2.-Missing shingles.
3.-Roof damages Many missing tabs
4.-More roof damages in another area.
1. to 4.- In every roof surface we found missing tabs and loose shingles.
Even with the original layer of shingles still there, there are water intrusion
problems in the apartments below.
1.- Pop-up nails due to high negative pressures from hurricane winds
2.- Missing shingles
3.- Damaged shingles and debris.
4.- Missing tabs in perimeter.
1.- Building ID
2.- Structure
3 and 4.- Damages.
1.- Building I.D. The building tag was missing so one of the inspectors used
hand signs for ID.
2.- Building structure.
3.and 4-Missing shingles.
1. to 4.- This roof is in very bad condition. There is no way to repair it.
1.-Building I.D.
2.-Building structure
3.-Debris from the hurricane with damaged shingles
4.-Damaged shingles
1.-Building ID
2. to 4.- Damaged shingles
1.-Building ID
2.- Building structure
3. to 4.- Damaged shingles
Damaged areas
The roof membrane and the vents were damaged by the hurricane winds.
1.-Building ID
2.- Building structure
3. to 4.- Damaged shingles
NOTE: We ran out of time and daylight for more pictures. But the roof is in as bad a
condition as the other buildings.
1.-Building ID
2.-Building structure
3.-Missing ridge
4.-Missing entire roof section
1.-Building ID
2.-Building structure
3 and 4.-Roof damages
There are damages done by the hurricane in all roof areas. Both layers of
roof are compromised.
1.-Building ID
2.-Building structure
3 and 4.-Roof damages
1.-Building ID
2.-Building structure
3 and 4.-Roof damages
In all the roofs the vents and other types of equipment installed in the roof
surface experienced damages caused by debris driven by the hurricane
winds. The roof surface is damaged all over the building.
Roof damages.
1.-Building ID. The building tag was gone. We used a piece of paper.
2.-Building structure
3 and 4.-Roof damages
1.-Front of Building.
2.-Façade.
3.-Roof damages covered by tarp. There are leaks underneath
4.-More roof damages in another area, different unit affected.
1.-Front of Building.
2.-Façade.
3.-Roof damages. Many missing tabs
4.-More roof damages in another area.
1. to 4.- In every roof surface we found missing tabs and loose shingles.
Even with the original layer of shingles still there, there are water intrusion
problems in the apartments below.
1.- Building ID
2.- Structure
3.- Missing shingles and debris.
4.- Missing shingles in another roof area
1.-Building I.D.
2.-Building structure
3.-Damaged shingles
4.-Damaged shingles around a vent. Leaks in the apartment underneath.
1.-Building ID
2.- Building structure
3. to 4.- Damaged shingles
1.-Building ID
2.- Building structure
3. to 4.- Damaged shingles
Damaged areas
The roof membrane and the vents were damaged by the hurricane winds.
1.-Building ID
2.- Building structure
3. to 4.- Damaged shingles around the vents
This roof shows damaged shingles and missing tabs in all areas
1.-Building ID
2.-Building structure
3.and 4.- Missing shingles in several places
This roof shows extensive damages every where, and is in similar condition
as other roofs in the complex.
1.-Building ID
2.-Building structure
3 and 4.-Roof damages
There are damages done by the hurricane in all roof areas. Both layers of
roof are compromised.
1.-Building ID
2.-Building structure
3 and 4.-Roof damages
This building shows extensive damages. It is among those with the major
problems.
1.-Building ID. The picture is bad, but this is the proper building
2.-Building structure
3 and 4.-Roof damages
There are damages in all areas of this roof. The first layer of shingles is
compromised and in some places we observed the second layer with rips.
Roof damages.
1.-Building ID
2.-Building structure
3 and 4.-Roof damages
1.-Front of Building.
2.-Façade.
3.-Roof damages. There are leaks underneath
4.-More roof damages in another area, different unit affected.
1.-Front of Building.
2.-Structure.
3.-Roof damages Many missing tabs
4.-More roof damages in another area.
1. to 4.- In every roof surface we found missing tabs and loose shingles.
Even with the original layer of shingles still there, there are water intrusion
problems in the apartments below.
1. to 4.- The roof has many damaged areas and several apartments are
experiencing water intrusion.
1.- Building ID
2.- Structure
3.- Missing shingles
4.- Missing shingles in another roof area
1.-Damaged edge.
2. Debris has damaged many tabs.
3.- Almost all the vents have suffered irreparable damage from impacts..
4.- The damages under the debris are big..
1.-Building I.D.
2.-Building structure
3.-Damaged shingles
4.-Damaged shingles
This roof is in very bad condition. There are places where the wood deck is
exposed.
1.-Building ID
2.- Building structure
3. to 4.- Damaged shingles on both layers.
1.-Building ID
2.- Building structure
3. to 4.- Damaged shingles covered with tarp to avoid more water intrusion.
The destruction is very extensive. This roof is in a very poor conditions and
has to be replaced as soon as possible. All the vents have been
compromised.
The roof membrane and the vents were damaged by the hurricane winds.
1.-Building ID
2.- Building structure
3. to 4.- Damaged shingles in different areas of this roof..
All the vents and the equipment installed on the roof top are damaged.
The damaged shingles can be seen every where in this roof.
Observations
The following tasks were performed to investigate and evaluate the damage
observed at the inspected Buildings.
A visual, non-destructive assessment of the windows and doors of 12 vacant
apartments in the Mills to document, photograph and assess their condition.
Recommendations
March 28, 2009 6246 SW 191 Avenue THE MILLS APARTMENTS
Page 237 of 241 Pembroke Pines, Fl. 33332 Roofs, Doors and Windows
786 252 2131 Damage Assesment Report
albertocardonape@gmail.com
To the extent known, none of the inspected structures present an immediately
dangerous and/or unsafe structural condition. However, the compromised
components on the doors and windows should be remedied, so as to prevent
water intrusion and further damages.
Based on the referenced meteorological data obtained for September 13, 2008, it
is our opinion that the strength and duration of winds during the referenced storm
were sufficient to cause the observed damage to the doors and windows at the
referenced location.
We found some damaged components of the doors and windows in different
apartments and these are indicated in the attached table. When we express the
fact that the element (door or window) is bad, it means that the components
found damaged are not reparable and therefore the entire element (door or
window) must be replaced.
As the installation of windows and doors was duly permitted, approved, and
passed final inspection by the municipal code enforcement agency when the
buildings obtained a Certificate of Occupancy, workmanship should not be
considered an issue in the failure of these components. The individual tenants
reported that no leaks or other issues were apparent preceding the high wind
event and that all damages were discovered immediately after.
Conclusion
Based upon what I was able to observe during the inspection of each of these
apartments and following my interpretation of the International Building Code as I
understand it, to the best of my knowledge, belief and professional experience,
all of the elements shown as bad in the fact sheet must be completely replaced
and even though some may be repaired, if the total number of damaged
elements is higher than 25% of the number of similar elements, all the elements
of the same type must be changed. This means that if the apartment unit has 3
windows and one is bad, all 3 must be replaced. Any changed element must
comply with the requirements of the International Building Code at the time of the
replacement.
The attached table (Fact Sheet) indicates the damaged doors and windows and
their location within each apartment. We understand that if the apartment has 2
windows and one is damaged to the point of replacement, both windows must be
replaced. Likewise, if the number of windows that require replacement or repair
are a large percentage of the total number of windows in the apartment, all
windows must be replaced.
Respectfully presented,
Damage Relation
by inspected
Apartment
MODEL A
APARTMENT Living
No. BLDG Bedroom CONDITION NOTES
No. Main Door room,
window
slider
1 56 3276
2 56 3278 x Reglazing
MODEL B
APARTMENT Living Living Living Master
No. BLDG
No. Main Door room, room, room, Bedroom
window window door window
3 4 1132 x Frame moves
4 4 1157 x Frame cracked
MODEL C
APARTMENT Living Living Living Master
No. BLDG
No. Main Door room, room, room, Bedroom
window window door window
5 50 3157
6 50 3159 x Does not open-Frame not leveled
MODEL D
APARTMENT Living Living Living Master
No. BLDG Bedroom
No. Main Door room, room, room, Bedroom
window
window window window window
7 8 2124
8 8 2126
MODEL E
APARTMENT Dining Living Living Master
No. BLDG
No. Main Door room room, room, Bedroom
slider window window window
9 19 1333
10 19 1331
MODEL F
APARTMENT Living Living Master
No. BLDG Bedroom
No. Main Door room, room, Bedroom
window
window window window
11 14 1239 x Mold in the apartment
12 1 1102 x Bad frame