SECTION 14

PHOTOGRAPHIC, REPRODUCTION, PROJECTION,

AND TELEVISION LIGHTING
The primary function of radiant energy in photography is to produce
photochemical change in a photosensitive material such that subsequent
processing will result in a satisfactory permanent image. It is desirable in
most cases that the change be effected with a minimum expenditure of
energy and, often, in the shortest possible time. Since photosensitive
materials vary widely in their spectral and their absolute sensitivity, these
factors influence the photographic applications of radiant energy sources.
Infrared, ultraviolet, and x-ray radiation as well as light can be used to
create a latent image.
Light sources, optical systems, and screens used for picture projection are
planned in combination for a particular range of viewing distances and view-
ing angles and for a given range of surrounding brightnesses. The lighting
design objective is to provide a capacity for creating realistic contrasts
between high-lights and shadows on the screen at a satisfactory average
brightness level.
Television-studio lighting problems are similar in many respects to
those encountered on the dramatic stage and on the motion-picture-studio
set. The required flexibility in illumination level and in illumination
distribution over a wide range necessitates the use of many high candle-
power sources. The color requirements depend on the type of television
camera used.
Many of the lamps used in these fields are described in Sections 1 and 6.
See Figs. 1-10, 6-1, 6-14, 6-15, 6-21, 6-23 to 6-27 and Tables 6-3 to 6-11.
Additional data are given in Tables 14-1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
and 6 and in Fig. 14-2.
Table 14-1. 115- and 120-volt Incandescent Photofiood or Superfiood
Lamps
MAXI-
AP-
PROX.
WATTS
RATED APPROX. MUM
DESIGNATION
LIFE
(hours at
RATED
LUMENS
COLOR
TEMP.
BULB
OVER-
ALL
BASE
115 volts) (K) LENGTH
(inches)
No. 1 250 3 8,650 3,400 A-21
4.15
Medium
IB, Bl (blue bulb) 250 3

J
A-21
415
^16
Medium
No. 2 500
6-8
17,000 3,400 PS-25
fill
Medium
2B, B2 (blue bulb) 500
6-8

t
PS-25
6M
Medium
RFL-2, R2 500 6 4,500* 3,400 R-40 6*
Medium
RSP-2 500 6
t
3,400 R-40
6i
Medium
No. 4 1,000 10 33,500 3,400 PS-35 61
Mogul
4B, B4 (blue bulb) 1,000 10
+
+
PS-35 61
Mogul
*
Beam lumens within 0-30 degree zone. Maximum beam candlepower, 6500.
t
Maximum beam candlepower, 50,000. Approximate beam spread to 10 per cent maximum candlepower,
15-20.
t
Color of light balanced approximately to requirements of daylight color films.
Note : References are listed at the end of each section
.