15 February 2012

Volume 54
Number 4 Clinical Infectious Diseases
i 15 February News
iii In the Literature
ARTICLES AND COMMENTARIES
455 Global TravEpiNet: A National Consortium of Clinics Providing
Care to International TravelersAnalysis of Demographic
Characteristics, Travel Destinations, and Pretravel Healthcare of
High-Risk US International Travelers, 20092011
Regina C. LaRocque, Sowmya R. Rao, Jennifer Lee, Vernon Ansdell, Johnnie A. Yates,
Brian S. Schwartz, Mark Knouse, John Cahill, Stefan Hagmann, Joseph Vinetz, Bradley A. Connor,
Jeffery A. Goad, Alawode Oladele, Salvador Alvarez, William Stauffer, Patricia Walker,
Phyllis Kozarsky, Carlos Franco-Paredes, Roberta Dismukes, Jessica Rosen, Noreen A. Hynes,
Frederique Jacquerioz, Susan McLellan, DeVon Hale, Theresa Sofarelli, David Schoenfeld,
Nina Marano, Gary Brunette, Emily S. Jentes, Emad Yanni, Mark J. Sotir, Edward T. Ryan,
and the Global TravEpiNet Consortium
Global TravEpiNet is the largest network of US clinics collecting data on the pretravel
healthcare of international travelers. Understanding the demographic and health characteristics
of international travelers can aid in the development of preventive strategies aimed at this
population.
463 Google Flu Trends: Correlation With Emergency Department
Inuenza Rates and Crowding Metrics
Andrea Freyer Dugas, Yu-Hsiang Hsieh, Scott R. Levin, Jesse M. Pines, Darren P. Mareiniss,
Amir Mohareb, Charlotte A. Gaydos, Trish M. Perl, and Richard E. Rothman
City-level Google Flu Trends, a novel Internet-based influenza surveillance tool, shows strong
correlation with influenza cases, emergency department influenzalike illness visits, and several
emergency department crowding measures, validating its use as an emergency department
surveillance tool.
470 Stratifying Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens in
Hospitalized Patients Coming From the Community With
Pneumonia
Stefano Aliberti, Marta Di Pasquale, Anna Maria Zanaboni, Roberto Cosentini,
Anna Maria Brambilla, Sonia Seghezzi, Paolo Tarsia, Marco Mantero, and Francesco Blasi
Among all risk factors for acquiring multidrug-resistant organisms, previous hospitalization
and nursing home residency are the most important, leading to both acquisition of resistant
pathogens and mortality in hospitalized patients who come from the community with pneumonia.
479 Editorial Commentary: Patients Hospitalized With Pneumonia:
Determining the Need for Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Therapy
Marin H. Kollef and Scott T. Micek
On the cover: Amulet of the demon Pazuzu. (Assyrian, 8th or 7th
century B.C.) Translucent blue chalcedony. Helen and Alice Colburn
Fund. Boston Museum of Fine Arts (Museum Number 64.522).
Boston, Massachusetts. Reproduced with permission.
Pazuzu was believed to be the ''king of the evil wind demons,''
and an enemy of the dreaded demon, Lamushtu, bearer of
diseases. Although he was a demon, Pazuzu was believed to have
some favorable attributes as well. The totem was often carried as
a talisman, since his hideous face was believed to frighten away
a variety of diseases. The power of the amulet would likely have
been invoked on behalf of the Assyrians during the 7th century
B.C. when Scythian archers coated arrow tips with blood, manure,
or rotting bodies in order to deter the invading Assyrian army.
Pazuzu was usually represented as a whole figurine which stands
upright like a human, but has a scorpion's body, feathered wings
and legs, talons, and a leonine face on both front and back. The
author William Peter Blatty depicted Pazuzu as the demon of
possession in the Exorcist horror novels and movies.
(Mary & Michael Grizzard, Cover Art Editors)
483 Import and Spread of Panton-Valentine
LeukocidinPositive Staphylococcus aureus
Through Nasal Carriage and Skin Infections
in Travelers Returning From the Tropics
and Subtropics
Philipp Zanger, Dennis Nurjadi, Regina Schleucher,
Helmut Scherbaum, Christiane Wolz, Peter G. Kremsner,
and Berit Schulte
Skin infections and nasal colonization in travelers returning
from the tropics and subtropics contribute to the global spread of
virulent and antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains.
493 Consensus Statement on Diagnostic End Points
for Infant Tuberculosis Vaccine Trials
Mark Hatherill, Suzanne Verver, Hassan Mahomed,
and the Taskforce on Clinical Research Issues, Stop TB Partnership
Working Group on TB Vaccines
An expert workshop convened to identify end points for
tuberculosis vaccine trials among human immunodeficiency
virusuninfected children. Criteria for composite or multiple end
points were identified. We propose a hierarchy of end-point criteria,
based on rate of occurrence, clinical relevance, and diagnostic
certainty.
502 Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms and the
Outcome of Invasive Candidiasis: A Prospective
Cohort Study
Melissa D. Johnson, Theo S. Plantinga, Esther van de Vosse,
Digna R. Velez Edwards, P. Brian Smith, Barbara D. Alexander,
John C. Yang, Dennis Kremer, Gregory M. Laird, Marije Oosting,
Leo A. B. Joosten, Jos W. M. van der Meer, Jaap T. van Dissel,
Thomas J. Walsh, John R. Perfect, Bart-Jan Kullberg,
William K. Scott, and Mihai G. Netea
We assessed the role of genetic variation in cytokine and cytokine
receptor genes in susceptibility and severity of bloodstream infections
with Candida species, which revealed a major role for functional
polymorphisms in interleukin-10 and interleukin-12p40 in predisposing
to persistent fungemia.
511 A Novel Vehicle for Transmission of Escherichia
coli O157:H7 to Humans: Multistate Outbreak of
E. coli O157:H7 Infections Associated With
Consumption of Ready-to-Bake Commercial
Prepackaged Cookie DoughUnited States, 2009
Karen P. Neil, Gwen Biggerstaff, J. Kathryn MacDonald, Eija Trees,
Carlota Medus, Kimberlee A. Musser, Steven G. Stroika, Don Zink,
and Mark J. Sotir
In this manuscript, we describe a multistate outbreak of
Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with ready-to-bake
commercial prepackaged cookie dough, a novel vehicle not previously
implicated in E. coli O157 or other Shiga toxinproducing E. coli
outbreaks.
519 Paradoxical Responses After Start of Antimicrobial
Treatment in Mycobacterium ulcerans Infection
Willemien A. Nienhuis, Ymkje Stienstra, K. Mohammed Abass,
Wilson Tuah, William A. Thompson, Peter C. Awuah,
Nana Yaa Awuah-Boateng, Ohene Adjei, Gisela Bretzel,
Jan P. Schouten, and Tjip S. van der Werf
Transient paradoxical increase in lesion size is common after
antimicrobial treatment of Buruli ulcer disease. This may earlier have
been misinterpreted as treatment failure. Our findings may help design
future clinical studies as well as the management of individual
patients.
527 Hemorrhagic Fever Caused by a Novel
Bunyavirus in China: Pathogenesis and
Correlates of Fatal Outcome
Yong-Zhen Zhang, Yong-Wen He, Yong-An Dai, Yanwen Xiong,
Han Zheng, Dun-Jin Zhou, Juan Li, Qiangzheng Sun, Xue-Lian Luo,
Yu-Li Cheng, Xin-Cheng Qin, Jun-Hua Tian, Xiao-Ping Chen, Bin Yu,
Dong Jin, Wen-Ping Guo, Wei Li, Wen Wang, Jin-Song Peng,
Guo-Bin Zhang, Shaomin Zhang, Xiao-Min Chen, Yan Wang,
Ming-Hui Li, Zhenjun Li, Shan Lu, Changyun Ye, Menno D. de Jong,
and Jianguo Xu
Huaiyangshan virus (also known as Severe Fever with
Thrombocytopenia virus and Fever, Thrombocytopenia and
Leukopenia Syndrome) is a recently identified novel Bunyavirus that
causes hemorrhagic feverlike illness. In this study, it is shown that
blood levels of viral RNA and several cytokines and chemokines
correlate to each other and are associated with disease severity
and outcome.
BRIEF REPORT
534 Patterns of Bordetella parapertussis Respiratory
Illnesses: 20082010
James D. Cherry and Brent L. Seaton
PHOTO QUIZ
538 Rash in a Patient With Ovarian Cancer
(Answer on pages 5756.)
HIV/AIDS
539 HIV-1 Dual Infection Is Associated With Faster
CD4
1
T-Cell Decline in a Cohort of Men With
Primary HIV Infection
Marion Cornelissen, Alexander O. Pasternak, Marlous L. Grijsen,
Fokla Zorgdrager, Margreet Bakker, Petra Blom, Jan M. Prins,
Suzanne Jurriaans, and Antoinette C. van der Kuyl
Clinical disease progression was monitored in 37 men who had
primary infection due to HIV-1 subtype B, with or without dual HIV-1
infection. Dual HIV-1 infection was the main factor associated with
CD4
1
T-cell decline in this cohort.
548 Differential Clinical and Virologic Impact of
Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes B and C on
HIV-Coinfected Patients Receiving
Lamivudine-Containing Highly Active
Antiretroviral Therapy
Wang-Huei Sheng, Chien-Ching Hung, Sui-Yuan Chang, Chun-Jen Liu,
Mao-Yuan Chen, Szu-Min Hsieh, Jia-Horng Kao, Pei-Jer Chen, and
Shan-Chwen Chang
Although virologic responses to lamivudine-containing highly active
antiretroviral therapy were comparable between human
immunodeficiency virusinfected patients with hepatitis B virus
genotypes B and C coinfection, patients with genotype B coinfection
were more likely to experience hepatitis flares, hepatitis B surface
antigen seroconversion, lamivudine resistance, and liver
diseaserelated death than those with genotype C coinfection.
556 Liver Fibrosis Progression After Acute Hepatitis
C Virus Infection in HIV-Positive Individuals
Martin Vogel, Emma Page, Christoph Boesecke, Thomas Reiberger,
Carolynne Schwarze-Zander, Stefan Mauss, Axel Baumgarten,
J-C Wasmuth, Mark Nelson, Jurgen K. Rockstroh, and the European
AIDS Treatment Network (NEAT) Study Group
INVITED ARTICLES
560 VACCINES
Progress Toward a Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine
Robert S. Daum and Brad Spellberg
568 REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS
Fidaxomicin: A Novel Macrocyclic Antibiotic
Approved for Treatment of Clostridium difcile
Infection
Anilrudh A. Venugopal and Stuart Johnson
CORRESPONDENCE
577 Efcacy of Imipenem for the Treatment of
Bacteremia Due to an OXA-48-Producing
Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate
Anne-Claire Maherault, Patrice Nordmann, Audrey Therby, and
Beatrice Pangon
578 Use of Procalcitonin to Guide Duration of
Antimicrobial Therapy in Intensive Care Units:
Proceed With Caution
Farrin A. Manian
578 Reply to Manian
David N. Schwartz and Rajender Agarwal
579 Totally Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in India
Zarir F. Udwadia, Rohit A. Amale, Kanchan K. Ajbani, and
Camilla Rodrigues
581 Is Central Venous Catheter Tip Colonization With
Pseudomonas aeruginosa a Predictor for
Subsequent Bacteremia?
Anucha Apisarnthanarak, Piyaporn Apisarnthanarak, David K. Warren,
and Victoria J. Fraser
ELECTRONIC ARTICLES
e32 Botulism Toxemia Following Laparoscopic
Appendectomy
Susan C. Nystrom, Eden V. Wells, Hiren S. Pokharna, Laura E.
Johnson, Mazen A. Najjar, Fatema M. Mamou, James T. Rudrik,
Corinne E. Miller, and Matthew L. Boulton
We describe a case of botulism infection in a patient who had
undergone laparoscopic appendectomy, an occurrence not previously
described in the literature. This case exemplifies the need for
coordination between clinical and public health personnel to ensure
the immediate recognition and treatment of suspected botulism cases.
e35 An Inverse and Independent Association Between
Helicobacter pylori Infection and the Incidence of
Shigellosis and Other Diarrheal Diseases
Dani Cohen, Ofra Shoham, Nadav Orr, and Khitam Muhsen
Helicobacter pylori infection is independently associated with lower
risk of diarrheal diseases, independent of sociodemographic variables,
and preexisting Shigella sonnei immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG
antibodies in cases of S. sonnei shigellosis, suggesting an active role
of H. pylori in protection against shigellosis.
The electronic articles listed above are freely available in this issue of
Clinical Infectious Diseases online (http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/
content/current).