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57

Jinnah's Vision of

Islamic Ideological
Pakistan
(Mohammed Faheem)

Timergara Dir

It has been a fashion with the secular segment of the

society that they leave no stone unturned to prove that

Pakistan was not built on an ideology but purely on secular

basis. Numerous articles on the subject appear on the

regular basis in the print media. One of the recent such

articles is the one by Dr. A .Z. Hilali in the Daily the Frontier

post of September II, 2009 The article captioned as

'Jinnah's vision of Muslim Secular Pakistan, seems to

misguide people as by in large, the common man knows

very little about the genesis of Pakistan. Mr. Hilali, like other

secularism fans have made some odd references quoting

the Quaid-e-Azem to have struggled for a secular rather

than and Islamic country.

It is correct that the country was achieved on the basis of

the two-nation theory and that the Quide was against all
58

type of the ocratic rule and the dominance of the Mulla and

Pope in the affairs of the state. He was an advocate of the

Islamic social justice and freedom of thought and equality of

the human being s. On the basis of the meaning of

secularism, a secular Muslim Pakistan should mean a

country where the people would have the right for making

legislation without seeing that it is in accordance with the

teachings of islam or not___The Quaid never wanted such a

system and he is on record to have pleaded for the system

of the Holy Quran to be implemented in the would-be

Pakistan. During the peak of struggle from 1937 to 1947, the

Quaid has spoken out his mind without any reservation

whatsoever so many times on the subject.

The right of sovereignty rests with Allah alone. Man on this

earth is the trustee of God to exercise his authority within the

parameters of the Divine injunctions. Since, Allah is the

creator and Sustainer, only He has the right to give Law to

the man. Therefore, a Muslim country has no right except to

make legislation in accordance with the Holy Quran and

Sunna. This is what the Quaid was adovocating for, which

we will prove from his life history particularly the period of

srruggle for independence. Perfectly in consonance with the

Islamic system the Quaid was rightly arguing for the equal
59

rights of all the citizens for social justice and access to the

basic necessities of life irrespective of religion, creed, race

and language. The Quaid knew that this can only be

possible under a true Islamic system to rule the political,

social and economic life of the country.

The learned writer has himself contradicted his claim by

making a number of references which go against his

argument for Quaide Azem as advocating for Muslim

Secular Pakistan. One such reference is the Quaid's

address to the American citizens in which he has clearly

said, "I do't know what would be the final shape of the

constitution of Pakistan, but i do believe that it will be one

prepared on democratic lines with Islamic principles

embedded therein." The learned writer has attributed all

savage and bloody action of the misguided people to Islam

which is never justified. Islam never allows such things and

all such misdoings are quite Haram in Islam. In the article

under reference an effort has been made to express

resentment on the blasphemy law and the law of the

desecration of the Quran. This suggests that our secular

friends want to see Pakistan a free heaven for people like

Salman Rushdi and Tasleema Nasreen.

Out of the scores of the Quaid-e-Azam a few are put


60

herewith to abundantly prove that he wanted an Islamic

ideological Pakistan only and nothing else.

1- Late Ghulam Murshid, the Khateeb of the Badshahi

Masjid refering to his meeting with Mr. Jinnah said," .....

Constitution of the Islamic state for which we are struggling,

will be based on it (The Quran). (Sharif Farooq, Barre Saghir

Ka Marde Mujahid page 398-399).

2- Talking to the students in Haiderabad Deccan the Quide

said in 1941, " It should be kept in mind that in an Islamic

government for all submission and loyalty the center is

Allah, the Almighty God, which can be done through

following the injunctions of the Quran. In Islam there is no

subjugation to any one, be that a king, a parliment or any

other institution. (Chaudhri Sardar Muhammad Khan,

Hayate Quaide Azem page 255).

3- In his Eid message, in 1945, he said, "Every Muslim

knows that the Quranic injunctions are not limited to religion,

morals and ethics only, but they are equally applicable to

civics, and all laws pertaining to the rights and deeds of

human beings and it is an all comprehensive code of life,

encompassing religious, social, economic, judicial, civil and

military affairs.

4- In Peshawar, on Nov.26, 1945, in a public address the


61

Quaide Azem said, "The muslims have one God, one

Prophet and one Holly Book---- Our efforts are to unite the

Muslims into one body," (M. Hanif Shahid, Islam and the

Quaide Azem, page 106).

5- A resolution passed in Karachi in 1942, regarding

constitution says like this, "The constitution of Pakistan will

be in accordance with the Quran and Sunnah and the

existing laws will be modified accordingly. "Commenting on

this the Quaid said," The proposal is the cry of the heart of

every Muslim and what is the objective of Pakistan except to

establishing the system of Deen of Allah" (Rahim Bakhsh

Sha he en Noo q o sh i Q uai de Az em p ag e 3 09 ,31 0) .

6- Replying to a question at the residence of the Peer of

Manki Sharif the Quaid said," ______ Our will be the same

that was given to us 1300 years ago by the Prophet

Muhammad (PBUH) The Quran is our law and that is all.

(Sharif Farood, Marde Hurriat page 397).

7- In 1947, replying to a question of Maulana Shabir Ahmad

Usmani the Quaid said, "The law of pakistan will be Quran. I

strongly believe that no source can give a better constitution

than the Quran. Preparation of the constitution is the job of

the Ulema like yourself." (Ifthikhar M. Khokhar, Quaid Azam

ka Islami Thashakhkhus page 10).


62

Scores of evidences can be quoted but for the length of the

article. I conclude my submission with an historic event on

this subject in which Shaheed-e Millat Liyaqat Ali Khan has

fully clarified the position on this issue. On the passage of

the Objective Resolution on March 12, 1949, the then Prime

Minister said, " Sir, this is the most important day for us only

next to the independence day. By independence we have a

chance for building our country and system in accordance

with our own ideas and objectives, and Sir, the great Quaid

had spoken several times on this subject and his ideas have

fully been supported by the nation. The Quaid had said,"

We need Pakistan for traditions. With this we want to prove

to the whole world that even today Islam is the only antidote

to the ailments and sufferings of the humanity. This is for

this rason Sir, that in the beginning of the Objective

Resolution, it has been fully acknowledged that all the

au th or it y s ho ul d s ta nd s ub o rd in at e t o th e Di v in e

Commandments enshrined in the Holly Quran." These are

historic realities which cannot be denied despite the efforts

of a lobby which is strenuously struggling for falsifyin the truth.


63

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