Grade XII ALL INDIA SET 3

Chemistry (Theory)

[Time allowed: 3 hours] [Maximum marks:70]

General Instructions:
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Marks for each question are indicated against it.
(iii) Question number 1 to 8 are very short-answer questions and carry 1 mark each.
(iv) Question number 9 to 18 are short-answer questions and carry 2 marks each.
(v) Question number 19 to 27 are also short-answer questions and carry 3 marks each.
(vi) Question number 28 to 30 are long-answer questions and carry 5 marks each.
(vii) Use Log Tables, if necessary. Use of calculators is not allowed.


Q9. A reaction is of second order with respect to a reactant. How is its rate affected if the
concentration of the reactant is (i) doubled (ii) reduced to half? 2

Ans. Let the concentration of the reactant be [A] = a
Rate of reaction, R = k [A]
2

= ka
2


(i) If the concentration of the reactant is doubled, i.e. [A] = 2a, then the rate of the reaction
would be

( )
2
R 2 k a ' =
= 4ka
2

= 4 R

Therefore, the rate of the reaction would increase by 4 times.

(ii) If the concentration of the reactant is reduced to half, i.e. | |
1
A
2
a = , then the rate of the
reaction would be

2
2
1
R
2
1
4
1
4
k a
ka
R
| |
'' =
|
\ .
=
=


Therefore, the rate of the reaction would be reduced to
th
1
.
4



Grade XII ALL INDIA SET 3

Q10. Express the relation among cell constant, resistance of the solution in the cell and conductivity
of the solution. How is molar conductivity of a solution related to its conductivity?

OR

The molar conductivity of a 1.5 M solution of an electrolyte is found to be 138.9 S cm
2
mol
1
.
Calculate the conductivity of the conductivity of this solution. 2

Ans. (a) The conductivity ( k ) of the solution in a cell is the reciprocal of its resistivity.
1 l
R a
| |
=
|
\ .
k

The quantity
l
a
is cell constant.

l Distance between 2 electrodes
a Area of cross section
R Resistance
Also, conductivity,
Molar conductivity
Volumeof solution
= k
Thus, ^m = V k

OR

m
m
2 1
3
1
Conductivity
Molar Conductivity=
Concentration
=
Conductivity, =
138.9(Scm mol )1.5(mol/L)
=
1000(cm /L)
=0.208 Scm
k
c
k c

Q11. Explain the role of each of the following:
(i) NaCN in the extraction of silver
(ii) SiO
2
in the extraction of copper 2

Ans. (i) The roasted ore of gold is leached with a solution of sodium cyanide in the presence of
oxygen for many days. The role of NaCN in this process is to dissolve the gold to form an
aurocyanide complex, from which the metal is obtained by displacement.
| |
| |
2 2 2
2 2 4
4Au 8NaCN 2H O O 4Na Au(CN) 4KOH
2Na Au(CN) + Zn Na [Zn(CN) ] + 2 Au
+ + + +

Grade XII ALL INDIA SET 3

(ii) Copper matte contains Cu
2
S and FeS. In the blast furnace, copper matte is added with
powdered coke and silica. The oxidation of ore takes place in this process. As a result, cuprous
oxide and ferrous oxide are produced. The role of silica in this process is to remove the iron
oxide obtained as slag. FeO combines with silica (flux) to form iron silicate, FeSiO
3
(slag).

2 3
FeO SiO FeSiO
Flux Slag
A
+


Q12. Complete the following chemical reaction equations: 2
(i)
2
2 7
Cr O I H
+
+ +
(ii)
4 2
MnO NO H
+
+ +

Ans. (i)
2 + 3+
2 7 2 2
Cr O +14H +6I 2Cr +3I +7H O

(ii)
+ 2+
4 2 3 2
2MnO +5NO +6H 2Mn + 5NO +3H O




Q13. Explain the following facts giving appropriate reason in each case:
(i) NF
3
is an exothermic compound whereas NCl
3
is not.
(ii) All the bonds in SF
4
are not equivalent. 2

Ans. (i) The instability of NCl
3
is due to the weak NCl bond. This is due to the large difference in the
size of nitrogen and chlorine atoms. On the other hand, atoms of both nitrogen (75 pm) and
fluorine (72 pm) are small sized. Thus, bonding in NF
3
is quite strong and it is an exothermic
compound.
(ii) SF
4
has sp
3
d hydridisation and thus have trigonal bipyramid structure in which one axial
position is occupied by a lone pair of electrons. This results in two types of angles.
Equatorial bond angle
( )
F S F<120 LP-BPrepulsion>BPBPrepulsion
Axial bond angle F S F<90
Grade XII ALL INDIA SET 3




Q14. Explain the following behaviours:
(i) Alcohols are more soluble in water than the hydrocarbons of comparable molecular
masses.
(ii) Ortho-nitrophenol is more acidic than ortho-methoxyphenol. 2

Ans. Alcohols undergo intermolecular H-bonding while hydrocarbons do not.



Hence, they are more soluble in water than the hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses.


(ii)


The nitro-group is an electron-withdrawing group. The presence of this group in the ortho
position decreases the electron density in the OH bond. As a result, it is easier to lose a proton.
Also, the o-nitrophenoxide ion formed after the loss of protons is stabilized by resonance.
Hence, ortho nitrophenol is a stronger acid.
On the other hand, methoxy group is an electron-releasing group. Thus, it increases the electron
density in the OH bond and hence, the proton cannot be given out easily.

Grade XII ALL INDIA SET 3

For this reason, ortho-nitrophenol is more acidic than ortho-methoxyphenol.


Q15. Explain the mechanism of acid catalysed hydration of an alkene to form corresponding
alcohol. 2

Ans. Some reactive alkenes like 2 methyl propene undergo direct hydration in the presence of
mineral acids which act as catalysts. The addition of water to the double bond takes place in
accordance with Markonikoffs rule.


Q16. Complete the following chemical reaction equations: 2
(i)
6 5 2 3 2 2
C H N Cl+H PO H O +
(ii) ( )
6 5 2 2
C H NH +Br aq.

Ans. (i) C
6
H
5
N
2
Cl + H
3
PO
2
+ H
2
O C
6
H
6
+ N
2
+ H
3
PO
3
+ HCl
(ii)



Q17. Describe the following giving the relevant chemical equation in each case: 2
(i) Carbylamine reaction
(ii) Hofmanns bromamide reaction.

Ans. (i) Carbylamine reaction

Carbylamine reaction is used as a test for the identification of primary amines. When aliphatic
and aromatic primary amines are heated with chloroform and ethanolic potassium hydroxide,
carbylamines (or isocyanides) are formed. These carbylamines have very unpleasant odours.
Secondary and tertiary amines do not respond to this test.

Grade XII ALL INDIA SET 3

( )
2 3 2
R NH CHCl 3KOH alc. R NC 3KCl 3H O
Primary Chloroform Potassium Carbylamine
amine hydroxide
A
+ + + +

For example,

( )
3 2 3 3 2
CH NH CHCl 3KOH alc. CH NC 3KCl 3H O
Methanamine Methyl carbylamine
or methyl isocyanide
A
+ + + +

Hoffmann bromamide reaction

When an amide is treated with bromine in an aqueous or ethanolic solution of sodium
hydroxide, a primary amine with one carbon atom less than the original amide is produced. This
degradation reaction is known as Hoffmann bromamide reaction. This reaction involves the
migration of an alkyl or aryl group from the carbonyl carbon atom of the amide to the nitrogen
atom.



For example,







Q18. Differentiate between disinfectants and antiseptics. Give one example of each group. 2

Ans. Antiseptics and disinfectants are effective against micro-organisms. However, antiseptics are
applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers, and diseased skin surfaces, while
disinfectants are applied to inanimate objects such as floors, drainage system, instruments, etc.
Disinfectants are harmful to the living tissues.
Iodine is an example of a strong antiseptic. Tincture of iodine (2 3 percent of solution of
iodine in alcohol water mixture) is applied to wounds. 1 percent solution of phenol is used as
a disinfectant.