What is Pollution?

It is the action or process of making land, water, air, etc., dirty and not safe or suitable to use or
substances that make land, water, air, etc., dirty and not safe or suitable to use. Its sources are.
The sources mostly are Source of pollution is a single identifiable source air, water, thermal, and
noise or light pollution.

Source of Pollution in Industries
Industrial pollution and waste encompass the full range of unwanted substances and losses
generated by industrial activities, including emissions to air or surface water sand the substances
sent to sewage treatment plants, deposited in landfills, released or applied to the land, treated,
injected underground, controlled through storage, recycled or burned for energy recovery.

Causes of Industrial Pollution
Lack of Policies to Control Pollution: Lack of effective policies and poor enforcement
drive allowed many industries to bypass laws made by pollution control board which
resulted in mass scale pollution that effected lives of many people.
Unplanned Industrial Growth: In most industrial townships, unplanned growth took
place wherein those companies flouted rules and norms and polluted the environment
with both air and water pollution.
Use of Outdated Technologies: Most industries still rely on old technologies to produce
products that generate large amount of waste. To avoid high cost and expenditure, many
companies still make use of traditional technologies to produce high end products.
Presence of Large Number of Small Scale Industries: Many small scale industries and
factories that dont have enough capital and rely on government grants to run their day-
to-day business often escape environment regulations and release large amount of toxic
gases in the atmosphere.
Inefficient Waste Disposal: Water pollution and soil pollution are often caused directly
due to inefficiency in disposal of waste. Long term exposure causes chronic health
problems, making the issue of industrial pollution into a severe one. It also lowers the air
quality in surrounding areas, causing many respiratory disorders.
Leaching of Resources From Our Natural World: Industries do require large amount
of raw material to make them into finished products. This requires extraction of minerals
from beneath the earth. It destroys the land used for mining and drilling, by removing all
resources and leaving it to waste away, or through leaks and accidents that cause oil
spills in both the land and the sea.
Effects of Industrial Pollution

Water Pollution: The effects of industrial pollution are far reaching and liable to affect
the eco-system for many years to come. Most industries require large amounts of water
for their work. When involved in a series of processes, the water comes into contact with
heavy metals, harmful chemicals, radioactive waste and even organic sludge.
Soil Pollution: Soil pollution is creating problems in agriculture and destroying local
vegetation. It also causes chronic health issues for the people that come in contact with
such soil on a daily basis.
Air Pollution: Air pollution has led to a steep increase in various illnesses and it
continues to affect us on a daily basis. With so many small, mid and large scale industries
coming up, air pollution has taken toll on the health of people.
Wildlife Extinction: By and large, the issue of industrial pollution shows us that it
causes natural rhythms and patterns to fail, meaning that the wildlife is affected in a
severe manner. Habitats are being lost, species are becoming extinct and it is harder for
the environment to recover from each natural disaster. Major industrial accidents like oil
spills, fires, leak of radioactive material and damage to property are harder to clean-up,
since they have a higher impact in a shorter span of time.
Global Warming: With the rise in industrial pollution, global warming has been
increasing at a steady pace. Smoke and greenhouse gases are released by the factories
into the air, which causes an increase in the greenhouse effect and increase in global
warming. Melting of glaciers, extinction of polar beers, floods, tsunamis, hurricanes are
few of the effects of global warming.
Solution for Industrial Pollution
The only way to restore biodiversity to areas affected by dissolute pollution is to remove the
sources of pollution, make sure that toxic buildups can be naturally removed through chemical,
physical and biological processes (Alexander, 2000) and ensure that pollution-intolerant
organisms have access to recolonize the area. The process, especially of the last two steps, is
very time-consuming; it may take 10 to 50 years to increase biodiversity in the system and
rebuild ecosystem services (Langford et al., 2010), as evidenced from cleanup efforts in the U.S.
and the U.K.





Motor Vehicles
Motor vehicles play a conspicuous role in the modern industrial economyand in shaping our
natural and built environment. Cars and light trucks offer rapid, reliable, and convenient mobility
on demand to an ever-growing number of people in countries throughout the world. But for all
their positives, automobiles carry with them many negatives. No one disputes that motor vehicles
collectively contribute to a number of important and pressing social problems.
Source of pollution in Motor Vehicles
Vehicles are a major source of both air pollution and congested roads, particularly in urban
areas, where vehicle concentration is the greatest. They also contribute to global warming,
accounting for a large and growing share of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. In addition,
many hold the rapid increase in vehicle ownership and use responsible for the decentralization of
urban areas and the negative effects of the resulting urban sprawl. Rapid growth in numbers of
vehicles worldwide ensures that these issues will remain important for the foreseeable future.
Transportation is one of the world's leading causes of pollution. In many urban areas, as much
as 90 percent of the pollutants in the air come from motor vehicles alone. And this pollution,
which consists of both gases and airborne particles, has a number of negative effects. It causes
illnesses, respiratory problems in particular, but it's also damaging to the environmental balance
of the planet. Carbon emissions from cars is believed to be a major cause of global warming.
Most of the smog hanging over major cities is caused by transportation
Effects on the Environment
Vehicle emissions -can affect the environment in several ways. Cars emit greenhouse gasses,
such as carbon dioxide, which contribute to global warming. Some air pollutants and particulate
matter from cars can be deposited on soil and surface waters where they enter the food chain;
these substances can affect the reproductive, respiratory, immune and neurological systems of
animals. Nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are major contributors to acid rain, which changes
the pH of waterways and soils and can harm the organisms that rely on these resources
The Ozone layer helps to protect life on earth from the suns ultraviolet rays, but human
activities have contributed to the accelerated depletion of this protective shield. Substances that
contribute to ozone depletion usually have high concentrations of chlorine or bromine atoms and
include chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, haloes, methyl bromide, carbon tetrachloride and methyl
chloroform. Vehicle emissions contain few chlorine- or bromine-heavy substances, and therefore
have little effect on ozone depletion. Even though they are not good for human health,
hydrocarbons are recognized by the EPA as having no ozone depletion potential.







General Public
Man is but a part of the fabric of life dependent on the whole fabric for his very existence, and
also responsible to it. There are now too many human beings; and the problem is growing rapidly
worse. It is potentially disastrous not only for the human race but for most other life forms.
Source of pollutions in General Public
The problem with water is not only overconsumption, but also pollution. "More than
95% of urban sewage in developing countries is discharged untreated into the nearest
waterway or field."* The main contributors to water pollution are factories and open
mines, discarding waste water with heavy metals, toxic substances and solid waste, which
are virtually impossible to purify. The situation is even worse when it comes to ocean
exploitation and pollution. Overfishing changes the balance in coastal ecosystems and
decreases fish populations. Sometimes it might even lead to extinction of certain marine
species. Overfishing also damages coral reefs, because it allows algae to overgrow them.
Soil Degradation. Population growth results increases the demand for food production.
Since the arable land in many of the overpopulated regions is limited, farmers begin to
cultivate dry, hilly, nutrient-poor areas that are not very suitable for farming.
Deforestation. The search for more farmland causes other damaging agricultural
practices such as slash-and-burn cultivation. Basically, a forest area is burned and
converted into pasture, but due to poor soils, it looses its productivity in about three
years. This initiates a vicious circle which results in the deforestation of large areas,
mostly in tropical regions.
Loss of biodiversity. All of the previously described effects of overpopulation on the
environment lead to the destruction of the natural habitat of many wildlife species. The
natural flora and fauna have been under constant pressure to adapt to a quickly changing
environment. Since they have been unable to do so, they have been displaced from their
natural ecological niche.
Waste Management. Going side by side with overpopulation, waste management has
become a problem due to lack of discipline. With a large number of people, the waste
product become uncontrolled due to the fact of poor management.




Sources:
For national and local information on water quality and related issues:(See also the
accompanying Information Notes: Sources of Pollution Reference Library and
Sources of Pollution Useful Websites).
England and Wales: Water Quality:
(http://www.environment-
agency.gov.uk/yourenv/eff/1190084/water/?version=1&lang=_e)
Scotland: Scottish Environment Protection Agency Environmental Data: Classification
Scheme:(http://www.sepa.org.uk/data/classification/index.htm)
Northern Ireland: Environment and Heritage Service - River Water Quality
Monitoring:(http://www.ehsni.gov.uk/environment/waterManage/quality/rivers/river_mo
nitor.shtml)
National statistics about inland water quality and
use:(http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/statistics/inlwater/index.htm)