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AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION

ADOPTED BY THE HOUSE OF DELEGATES
August 7-8, 200
RECOMMENDATION
RESOLVED, That the American Bar Association urges the United States
Government to support the Darfur peace accord signed on a! ", #$$%& and to support
the 'or( of the )nternationa* +rimina* +ourt in investigating and prosecuting the
individua*s responsi,*e for crimes in Darfur, Sudan, the humanitarian 'or( of the United
-ations in Darfur, Sudan, the peace(eeping efforts of the African Union, and an!
eventua* peace(eeping efforts of the United -ations in Darfur, Sudan.
/URT0ER RESOLVED, That the American Bar Association urges the United States
+ongress to enact and the 1resident of the United States to sign into *a' *egis*ation
'hich 'ou*d2
345 ,*oc( assets and restrict visas of an! individua* the 1resident of the United States
determines is comp*icit in, or responsi,*e for, acts of genocide, 'ar crimes, or
crimes against humanit! in Darfur, inc*uding the fami*! mem,ers or an!
associates of such individua* to 'hom assets or propert! of such individua* 'as
transferred on or after 6u*! 4, #$$#&
3#5 authori7e the 1resident of the United States to provide assistance to support the
African Union ission in Sudan&
385 encourage the Secretar! of State to designate the 6an9a'eed mi*itia as a foreign
terrorist organi7ation under section #4: of the )mmigration and -ationa*it! Act&
and
3;5 encourage the 1resident of the United States to appoint a 1residentia* Envo! for
Sudan to ste'ard efforts to imp*ement the +omprehensive 1eace Agreement for
Sudan, ,ring sta,i*it! and peace to the Darfur region, address insta,i*it!
e*se'here in Sudan and northern Uganda, and pursue a tru*! comprehensive
peace throughout the region.
/URT0ER RESOLVED, That the American Bar Association urges the 1resident of the
United States to ta(e action to imp*ement such *egis*ation immediate*! upon its
enactment into *a'.
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REPORT
1
On February 14, 2005, the ABA House of Delegates adopted Resolution 10, !alling
upon the "nited #tates $o%ern&ent 'to ta(e all ne!essary and proper a!tions )ithin its po)er to
end the ongoing atro!ities *in!luding geno!ide, !ri&es against hu&anity, and )ar !ri&es+ in
Darfur, #udan, to pro%ide international hu&anitarian assistan!e to the refugees in eastern -had,
and to ta(e steps to se!ure the referral of the situation in Darfur to the .nternational -ri&inal
-ourt for in%estigation and prose!ution of the indi%iduals responsible for su!h !ri&es/0
About one &onth later, ABA 1resident Robert 2/ $rey )rote on behalf of the ABA to the
1resident of the "nited #tates, urging the "nited #tates $o%ern&ent to support, or at least refrain
fro& opposing, a resolution by the "/3/ #e!urity -oun!il referring the situation in Darfur to the
.nternational -ri&inal -ourt *.--+/
2

On 4ar!h 51, 2005, the #e!urity -oun!il adopted resolution 1565, 'refer7ing8 the
situation in Darfur sin!e 1 2uly 2002 to the 1rose!utor of the .nternational -ri&inal -ourt,0 and
'in%it7ing8 the 1rose!utor to address the -oun!il )ithin three &onths of the date of adoption of
this resolution and e%ery si9 &onths thereafter on a!tions ta(en pursuant to 7the8 resolution/0
5

:he "nited #tates $o%ern&ent abstained fro& %oting/
#in!e the referral, the .--;s Offi!e of the 1rose!utor *O:1+ has begun the pro!ess of
in%estigating the &atter and bringing to <usti!e those responsible for !ri&es in !onne!tion )ith
the Darfur !risis/ On 2une 1, 2005, the 1rose!utor opened a for&al in%estigation/
4
.n its first
report to the #e!urity -oun!il on 2une 26, 2005, the Offi!e of the 1rose!utor a!(no)ledged that
there )as
a signifi!ant a&ount of !redible infor&ation dis!losing the !o&&ission of gra%e !ri&es
)ithin the <urisdi!tion of the -ourt ha%ing ta(en pla!e in Darfur/ :hese !ri&es in!lude
the (illing of thousands of !i%ilians and the )idespread destru!tion and looting of
%illages, leading to the displa!e&ent of appro9i&ately 1/6 &illion !i%ilians/ :he
!onditions of life resulting fro& this %iolen!e ha%e led to the deaths of tens of thousands
fro& disease and star%ation, parti!ularly affe!ting %ulnerable groups su!h as !hildren, the
si!( and the elderly/ .nfor&ation also suggests a per%asi%e pattern of rape and se9ual
%iolen!e ta(ing pla!e throughout Darfur, in!luding allegations of gang rape, as )ell as
atta!(s on !hildren and young girls/
5
1
:his report is !urrent as of its sub&ission to the ABA House of Delegates on 4ay 10, 200/ .t
&ay ha%e been subse=uently &odified to ta(e a!!ount of !hanged !ir!u&stan!es/
2
>etter fro& Robert 2/ $rey, 1resident of the ABA, to the 1resident of the "nited #tates *4ar/
1, 2005+/
5
"3#-R 1565 *2005+/
4
>etter fro& >uis 4oreno O!a&po, 1rose!utor of the .nternational -ri&inal -ourt, to 2udge
-laude 2orde, 1residing 2udge, 1re :rial -ha&ber 1 *2une 1, 2005+/
5
Report of the 1rose!utor of the .nternational -ri&inal -ourt, 4r/ >uis 4oreno O!a&po, to the
#e!urity -oun!il 1ursuant to "3#-R 1565 *2005+ *2une 26, 2005+/
2
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:he Offi!e of the 1rose!utor ga%e a se!ond report on De!e&ber 15, 2005, indi!ating that
it had organi?ed a !ore tea& of t)enty@si9 indi%iduals representing nineteen nationalities, had
identified )itnesses in se%enteen !ountries, had s!reened o%er 100 potential )itnesses, and had
ta(en a nu&ber of for&al state&ents/ :he tea& had also registered and analy?ed &ore than
2,500 ite&s of physi!al e%iden!e !olle!ted by the .nternational -o&&ission of .n=uiry for
Darfur/

:he "nited #tates has ta(en so&e steps to address the Darfur !risis/ .n #epte&ber 2004,
then@#e!retary of #tate -olin 1o)ell de!lared that geno!ide had been !o&&itted in Darfur by the
go%ern&ent@ba!(ed &ilitias/ Al&ost one year later, in 2uly 2005, !urrent #e!retary of #tate
-ondolee??a Ri!e %isited Darfur to &eet )ith #udanese offi!ials, Afri!an "nion representati%es,
3$O )or(ers, and internally displa!ed persons/ :he "nited #tates !ontributed A152 &illion to
the "/3/ 4ission in the #udan in the 2005 fis!al year, and another A115 &illion through February
of the 200 fis!al year/
B
And on April 2B, 200, 1resident Bush issued an e9e!uti%e order
free?ing the assets of anyone dee&ed to ha%e posed a threat to the pea!e pro!ess or stability in
Darfur/
C

A pea!e agree&ent bet)een the $o%ern&ent of the #udan and the largest and &ost
po)erful rebel group, a fa!tion of the #udan >iberation Ar&y *#>A+, rea!hed a pea!e agree&ent
on 4ay 5, 200, but ho) it )ill affe!t the situation on the ground re&ains to be seen/ .t is of
parti!ular !on!ern that the t)o other rebel groups, in!luding an #>A splinter fa!tion, ha%e
refused to sign the a!!ord/
4ean)hile, sin!e the February 2005 ABA resolution, the situation on the ground has
deteriorated signifi!antly / Both the O:1 and Hu&an Rights Dat!h ha%e do!u&ented an
es!alation in %iolen!e against !i%ilians, hu&anitarian )or(ers, and Afri!an "nion pea!e(eepers
in late 2005/ :he %iolen!e has also rea!hed a!ross #udan;s )estern border into eastern -had/
6
:here are substantial obsta!les to progress in the area/ :he "nited 3ations High
-o&&issioner for Refugees has de!ided to redu!e its 200 budget for )or( in Darfur by 44E,
'7i8n %ie) of the li&ited a!!ess to so&e areas and a redu!ed nu&ber of field staff/0
10
.n
neighboring eastern -had, to )hi!h &any Darfur refugees ha%e fled, %iolen!e has for!ed &ost

#e!ond Report of the 1rose!utor of the .nternational -ri&inal -ourt, 4r/ >uis 4oreno
O!a&po, to the #e!urity -oun!il 1ursuant to "3#-R 1565 *2005+ *De!/ 15, 2005+/
B
Darfur and #udanF :he Hard Dor( of 1ea!e, "/#/ Depart&ent of #tate *Feb/ 2B, 200+,
available at httpFGG)))/state/go%GrGpaGs!pG200G2162/ht& *last %isited 4ar/ 24, 200+/
C
H9e!uti%e OrderF Blo!(ing 1roperty of 1ersons in -onne!tion )ith the -onfli!t in #udan;s
Darfur Region, available at httpFGG)))/)hitehouse/go%Gne)sGreleasesG200G04G200042B/ht&l
*last %isited 4ay 1, 200+/
6
Id., DARF"R B>HHD#F RH-H3: -RO##@BORDHR I.O>H3-H .3 -HAD, H"4A3 R.$H:# DA:-H
*Feb/ 200+, #"DA3F .41HRA:.IH# FOR .44HD.A:H -HA3$H, H"4A3 R.$H:# DA:-H *2an/
200+/
010
-33/!o&, "/3/ to Hal%e Darfur Refugee Aid, 4ar/ 6, 200,
httpFGGedition/!nn/!o&G200GDOR>DGafri!aG05G06Gdarfur/reutG *last %isited 4ar/ 24, 200+/
5
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lo!al and international 3$Os to suspend their a!ti%ities/
11
.n O!tober 2005, fi%e Afri!an "nion
pea!e(eepers and t)o !i%ilian dri%ers belonging to a pea!e(eeper !ontra!tor )ere (illed/
Although the nu&ber of go%ern&ent@ba!(ed &ilitia atta!(s against %illages has de!lined,
a!!ording to Hu&an Rights Dat!h, 'this is largely be!ause &ost of the targeted population has
already been displa!ed fro& the &ost fertile, desirable rural areas/0
12
:hus, despite the efforts of the .--, the "nited 3ations, the Afri!an "nion, and other
international and non@go%ern&ental organi?ations, the situation in Darfur has )orsenedF
As of De!e&ber 2005, &ore than half of Darfur;s si9 &illion peopleJArabs and non@
Arabs, pastoralists and far&ersJno) suffer the effe!ts of a !ollapsed e!ono&y, little or
no freedo& of &o%e&ent, and the loss of li%elihoods fro& looted and destroyed property/
4ore than t)o &illion displa!ed %i!ti&s of 'ethni! !leansing0 in Darfur re&ain !onfined
in !a&ps, so&e for &ore than t)o years, )here they are al&ost entirely dependent on
foreign assistan!e and re&ain %ulnerable to %iolen!e/ 4ost displa!ed persons are unable
to return to their rural ho&es due to the inse!urity !reated by go%ern&ent for!es and
2an<a)eed/ Dhere indi%iduals ha%e atte&pted to return, they fa!e !ontinuing harass&ent
and deadly atta!(s fro& gro)ing nu&bers of ar&ed groups, in!luding the rebel
&o%e&ents, in so&e !ases at the hands of the sa&e persons )ho for!ibly displa!ed
the&/
15
.t is !lear that, despite the in%ol%e&ent of the .-- in in%estigating the atro!ities in Darfur,
the %iolen!e and &urder )ill !ontinue unless the international !o&&unity !an establish a
&eaningful presen!e on the ground/ An Afri!an "nion pea!e(eeping &ission of appro9i&ately
B,B00 soldiers and !i%ilian poli!e offi!ers has been present in Darfur sin!e 2004, under a &andate
to &onitor the situation and prote!t !i%ilians under i&&inent threat/ Ho)e%er, the effe!ti%eness
of this tas( for!e has been !onstrained by a la!( of resour!es and &anpo)er/ At present, the
Afri!an "nion is !onsidering transferring its &andate to the "nited 3ations, but resistan!e fro&
#udan has delayed any de!ision/
14

4oreo%er, sin!e the ABA passed Resolution 10, the "nited #tates has yet to pass t)o
&a<or pie!es of legislation proposing, a&ong other &easures, san!tions against perpetrators of
!ri&es against hu&anity and geno!ide in Darfur/ :he Darfur 1ea!e and A!!ountability A!t of
2005 *#/ 142+ )as passed by the #enate in 3o%e&ber 2005/ :he House of Representati%es
passed a si&ilar bill, the Darfur 1ea!e and A!!ountability A!t of 200 *H/R/ 512B+ in April 200,
but it is still a)aiting a!tion by the #enate/ :he House of Representati%es bill has been referred
to the #enate for a !o&&ittee re!o&&endation/
11
DARF"R B>HHD#F RH-H3: -RO##@BORDHR I.O>H3-H .3 -HAD, H"4A3 R.$H:# DA:-H
*Feb/ 200+/
212
H3:RH3-H.3$ .41"3.:K $OIHR34H3: RH#1O3#.B.>.:K FOR .3:HR3A:.O3A> -R.4H# .3
DARF"R, H"4A3 R.$H:# DA:-H *De!/ 2005+/
515
Id.
414
>es 3euhaus, African Union Extends Mission in Darfur, :HH $"ARD.A3, 4ar/ 10, 200,
available at httpFGG)))/guardian/!o/u(G)orldlatestGstoryG0,,@5B61B,00/ht&l *last %isited 4ar/
24, 200+/
4
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:he need for i&&ediate a!tion to halt the !ri&es being !o&&itted in Darfur has ne%er
been &ore urgent/ :housands of !i%ilians ha%e already perished/ :housands &ore )ill die if
so&ething is not done no)/ :herefore, !onsistent )ith our poli!y of !onde&ning geno!ide and
other serious %iolations of international hu&anitarian la), in support of the .nternational
-ri&inal -ourt, and its goal of ad%an!ing 'the rule of la) in the )orld0 *ABA $oal I...+, the
ABA should no) !all upon our go%ern&ent to ta(e all ne!essary and proper steps )ithin its
po)er to end this ongoing geno!ide and a%ert the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Afri!an
!i%ilians/
Respe!tfully sub&itted,
Brad Brian, -hair
#e!tion of >itigation
August 200
5
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GENERAL INFORMATION FORM
#ub&itting HntityF #e!tion of >itigation
#ub&itted byF Brad Brian, -hair
1/ #u&&ary of Re!o&&endation/
:he re!o&&endation proposes that the ABA resol%e to !all upon the "nited #tates $o%ern&ent
to ta(e all ne!essary and proper a!tions to end the ongoing atro!ities in the Darfur region of the
#udan, to pro%ide hu&anitarian assistan!e to the refugees in eastern -had, to support the 4ay
2005 pea!e a!!ord, to support the efforts of the .nternational -ri&inal -ourt, the "nited 3ations,
and the Afri!an "nion to)ard the sa&e goals, and to pass into la) and i&ple&ent the Darfur
1ea!e and A!!ountability A!t of 200/
2/ Appro%al by #ub&itting Hntity/
On 4ay 2, 200, the #e!tion of >itigation -oun!il unani&ously appro%ed this Re!o&&endation/
5/ Has this or a si&ilar re!o&&endation been sub&itted to the House or Board pre%iouslyL
Kes
4/ Dhat e9isting Asso!iation poli!ies are rele%ant to this re!o&&endation and ho) )ould
they be affe!ted by its adoptionL
At its February 14, 2005 4idyear 4eeting in #alt >a(e -ity, "tah, the ABA House of Delegates
passed Resolution 10, proposed by Robert >/ Deinberg, the Distri!t of -olu&bia Bar Delegate,
)hi!h !alled upon the "nited #tates $o%ern&ent 'to ta(e all ne!essary and proper a!tions )ithin
its po)er to end the ongoing atro!ities *in!luding geno!ide, !ri&es against hu&anity, and )ar
!ri&es+ in Darfur, #udan, to pro%ide international hu&anitarian assistan!e to the refugees in
eastern -had, and to ta(e steps to se!ure the referral of the situation in Darfur to the .nternational
-ri&inal -ourt for in%estigation and prose!ution of the indi%iduals responsible for su!h !ri&es/0
At the ti&e of its adoption, Resolution 10 broadly addressed the !risis in Darfur and highlighted
the need for the "nited #tates to ta(e a!tion to end the !onfli!t/ #in!e that ti&e, ho)e%er, the
situation in Darfur has !hanged so signifi!antly that a ne) resolution is appropriate/ :he "/3/
#e!urity -oun!il referred the situation to the .nternational -ri&inal -ourt for in%estigation and
prose!ution of indi%iduals responsible for !ri&es under its <urisdi!tion, the "nited #tates has
ta(en a &ore aggressi%e stan!e in opposing the ongoing atro!ities, and the "nited 3ations is
!onsidering a pea!e(eeping role in the region/ :he proposed resolution a!(no)ledges these
de%elop&ents and !alls upon the "nited #tates to ta(e further a!tion !onsistent )ith the ne)
geopoliti!al situation/
4oreo%er, sin!e Resolution 10 )as adopted, the "nited #tates -ongress has proposed, but has
so far failed to pass or i&ple&ent, &a<or legislation ai&ed at supporting efforts to end the Darfur

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!onfli!t and punishing those responsible for atro!ities/ :he proposed resolution spe!ifi!ally
urges -ongress to pass the &ost signifi!ant legislation regarding Darfur, the Darfur 1ea!e and
A!!ountability A!t of 200/
5/ Dhat urgen!y e9ists )hi!h re=uires a!tion at this &eeting of the HouseL
As noted in the report and re!o&&endation, the geno!ide and !ri&es against hu&anity !ontinue
in Darfur, !lai&ing li%es and displa!ing and in<uring &ore !i%ilians )ith ea!h passing day/
"rgent a!tion is absolutely re=uired/
/ #tatus of >egislation/ *.f appli!able+/
:he re!o&&endation urges the passage of the Darfur 1ea!e and A!!ountability A!t of 200, H/R/
512B/ :he House of Representati%es passed this bill in April 200, but it is still a)aiting a!tion
by the #enate/
B/ -ost to the Asso!iation/ *Both dire!t and indire!t !osts/+
Adoption of the re!o&&endation )ill not result in e9penditures/
C/ Dis!losure of .nterest/ *.f appli!able/+
3o (no)n !onfli!t of interest e9ists/
6/ Referrals/
:his Re!o&&endation is being !ir!ulated to Asso!iation entities and Affiliated Organi?ations
in!ludingF
.nternational >a) #e!tion/ :he Re!o&&endation )as referred during the )ee( of 4ay 1@5,
200/ During a !onferen!e !all on 4ay 5, &e&bers of the .nternational >a) #e!tion stated that
the #e!tion )ould !onsider for&ally appro%ing the resolution/
-ri&inal 2usti!e #e!tion/ :he Re!o&&endation )as referred on 4ay 5, 200/ At the ti&e of
sub&ission of this For&, )e ha%e not re!ei%ed a for&al response/
All #e!tions and Di%isions
10/ -onta!t 1erson/ *1rior to the &eeting/+
2oAnne A/ Hpps
1rofessor of >a) and Asso!iate Dean for A!ade&i! Affairs
:e&ple "ni%ersity Beasley #!hool of >a)
1B16 3/ Broad #treet
1hiladelphia, 1A 16122@064
1honeF 215G204@C665
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Fa9F 215G204@200C
H&ailF <oanne/eppsMte&ple/edu
2ero&e Roth
4unger, :olles N Olson >>1
50 4ission #treet, 2Bth Floor
#an Fran!is!o, -A 64105
1honeF 415G512@4010
Fa9F 415G512@40BB
H&ailF 2ero&e/RothM&to/!o&
11/ -onta!t 1erson/ *Dho )ill present the report to the House/+
2oAnne A/ Hpps
1rofessor of >a) and Asso!iate Dean for A!ade&i! Affairs
:e&ple "ni%ersity Beasley #!hool of >a)
1B16 3/ Broad #treet
1hiladelphia, 1A 16122@064
1honeF 215G204@C665
FAOF 215G204@200C
H&ailF <oanne/eppsMte&ple/edu
C