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Georgia Department of Education

Common Core Georgia Performance Standards Framework Teacher Edition


Sixth Grade Mathematics Unit 1

MATHEMATICS GRADE 6 UNIT 1: Number SystemFluency
Georgia Department of Education
Dr. J ohn D. Barge, State School Superintendent
J uly 2014 Page 98 of 156
All Rights Reserved
TASK: Understanding Algorithms

STANDARDS

Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide
fractions by fractions.

MCC6.NS.1 Interpret and compute quotients of fractions, and solve word problems involving
division of fractions by fractions, e.g., by using visual fraction models and equations to represent
the problem. For example, create a story context for (2/3) (3/4) and use a visual fraction model
to show the quotient; use the relationship between multiplication and division to explain that
(2/3) (3/4) = 8/9 because of 8/9 is 2/3. (In general, (a/b) (c/d) = ad/bc.) How much
chocolate will each person get if 3 people share lb. of chocolate equally? How many - cup
servings are in 2/3 of a cup of yogurt? How wide is a rectangular strip of land with length mi
and area square miles?

STANDARDS FOR MATHEMATICAL PRACTICE

1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Students make sense of real-world
situations that involve division of fractions.

2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Students will reason why the process of inverting and
multiplying works when dividing fractions.

3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. Students explain how to
divide a fraction by a whole number and a whole number by a fraction.

4. Model with mathematics. Students use tape diagrams to model the division of fractions.

6. Attend to precision. Students use appropriate terminology when referring their explanations
of dividing fractions.

7. Look for and make use of structure. Students examine the structure of dividing fractions by
fractions.


ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

Why would it be helpful to know the least common multiple of a set of numbers when
dividing fractions?
Why does the process of invert and multiply work when dividing fractions and mixed
numbers?
When I divide one number by another number, do I always get a quotient smaller than my
original number?
Georgia Department of Education
Common Core Georgia Performance Standards Framework Teacher Edition
Sixth Grade Mathematics Unit 1

MATHEMATICS GRADE 6 UNIT 1: Number SystemFluency
Georgia Department of Education
Dr. J ohn D. Barge, State School Superintendent
J uly 2014 Page 99 of 156
All Rights Reserved
When I divide a fraction by a fraction what do the dividend, quotient and divisor represent?
What kind of models can I use to show solutions to word problems involving fractions?


MATERIALS REQUIRED

Paper and writing utensil, access to base ten blocks, unit cubes, rulers, etc for modeling

TIME NEEDED

2 days


TEACHER NOTES

There are two different algorithms for division of fractions: Common-Denominator Algorithm
and Invert-and-Multiply Algorithm. This task introduces both to students.

Before the Lesson, review the student work with the two interpretations of division from the
previous task (Partitive and Measurement). This can be done in small groups or as a whole class.

For each problem, first get answers from the class. If more than one answer is offered, simply
record them and offer no evaluation.

Have students explain their strategies for thinking about the problem either on the board, with a
document camera, etc. You may need to ask questions about drawings or explanations to make
sure everyone in the class follows the rationale. Encourage the class to comment or ask questions
about the students representation or thinking. Ask if others used a different representation or
solved the problem in a different way. If so, have the students come forward to share their
solutions. If there are different answers, the class should evaluate the solution strategies and
decide which answer is correct and why.

What does the quotient represent in each of the problems?

What does the divisor represent in each of the problems?

What does the dividend represent in each of the problems?


Georgia Department of Education
Common Core Georgia Performance Standards Framework Teacher Edition
Sixth Grade Mathematics Unit 1

MATHEMATICS GRADE 6 UNIT 1: Number SystemFluency
Georgia Department of Education
Dr. J ohn D. Barge, State School Superintendent
J uly 2014 Page 100 of 156
All Rights Reserved
1. Consider the problem
5
3

1
2
. Using words explain what this problem means. Restate your
explanation with common denominators then solve the problem. Draw pictures first and then
write number sentences.

The Common-Denominator algorithm relies on the measurement or repeated subtraction
concept of division.

means How many sets of


are in

?

Restated with common denominators: How many sets of

are in










2. Now try 1
2
3

3
4
using the common-denominator approach.

4
3
3
5
4
3
3
2
1


1
2
12
9
12
20
9
2
=

Georgia Department of Education
Common Core Georgia Performance Standards Framework Teacher Edition
Sixth Grade Mathematics Unit 1

MATHEMATICS GRADE 6 UNIT 1: Number SystemFluency
Georgia Department of Education
Dr. J ohn D. Barge, State School Superintendent
J uly 2014 Page 101 of 156
All Rights Reserved
3. Complete the following set of problems using the methods we have been using for the last
several days. Make a table of your answers to each and look for a pattern.

3
1
2
= How many servings of
1
2
in 3 containers?
5
1
4
= How many servings of
1
4
in 5 containers?
3
3
4

1
2
= How many servings of
1
2
in 3
3
4
containers?
6
1
3
= How many servings of
1
3
in 6 containers?
8
1
5
= How many servings of
1
5
in 8 containers?


Students should notice that they are multiplying by the
denominator of the second fraction. For example, in the first
example, a student might say, You get two for every whole
container, so 2 x 3 is 6.

4. Now try this set of problems. Use the results from your first table to help you.

5
3
4


6
2
3

8
2
5











5. Compare your responses from the second set of problems to the corresponding problems in
the first set. What do you see?

Notice that if there are 40 one-fifths in 8, then when you group the fifths in pairs (two-fifths),
you will have half as many 20. Stated in servings, if the serving is twice as big, you will have
half the number of servings. Similarly, if the fraction is

, after finding how many fourths,


you will group in threes, which means you will get

the number of servings. This means you


must divide by 3.

Serving
Size
# of
Containers
# of servings


3 6


5 20


6 18


8 40
Serving
Size
# of
Containers
# of servings


6 9


8 20
Georgia Department of Education
Common Core Georgia Performance Standards Framework Teacher Edition
Sixth Grade Mathematics Unit 1

MATHEMATICS GRADE 6 UNIT 1: Number SystemFluency
Georgia Department of Education
Dr. J ohn D. Barge, State School Superintendent
J uly 2014 Page 102 of 156
All Rights Reserved
6. Finally, try this partitioning problem:

You have 1
1
2
oranges, which is
3
5
of an adult serving. How many oranges (and parts of oranges)
make up 1 adult serving?

One-third of the oranges or one-half of an orange (notice you are dividing by the numerator)
is equal to one-fifth of an adult serving. To get the whole serving you multiply one-half by 5
(the denominator) to get

oranges in 1 adult serving.



In the measurement or partition interpretation, the denominator leads you to find out how
many parts you have (fifths, eighths, or sixths), and the numerator tells you the size of the
serving, so you group according to how many are in the serving. From the information in the
table students should be able to see the process means to multiply by the denominator and
divide by the numerator.









Georgia Department of Education
Common Core Georgia Performance Standards Framework Teacher Edition
Sixth Grade Mathematics Unit 1

MATHEMATICS GRADE 6 UNIT 1: Number SystemFluency
Georgia Department of Education
Dr. J ohn D. Barge, State School Superintendent
J uly 2014 Page 103 of 156
All Rights Reserved
Name________________________
TASK: Understanding Algorithms

1. Consider the expression
5
3

1
2
. Using words explain what this problem means. Restate the
expression with common denominators then solve the problem. Draw pictures first and then
write number sentences.





2. Now try 1
2
3

3
4
using the common-denominator approach.







3. Complete the following set of problems using the methods we have been using for the last
several days. Make a table of your answers to each and look for a pattern.

3
1
2
= How many servings of
1
2
in 3 containers?
5
1
4
= How many servings of
1
4
in 5 containers?
3
3
4

1
2
= How many servings of
1
2
in 3
3
4
containers?
6
1
3
= How many servings of
1
3
in 6 containers?
8
1
5
= How many servings of
1
5
in 8 containers?




4. Now try this set of problems:

5
3
4

6
2
3

8
2
5



Georgia Department of Education
Common Core Georgia Performance Standards Framework Teacher Edition
Sixth Grade Mathematics Unit 1

MATHEMATICS GRADE 6 UNIT 1: Number SystemFluency
Georgia Department of Education
Dr. J ohn D. Barge, State School Superintendent
J uly 2014 Page 104 of 156
All Rights Reserved
5. Compare your responses from the second set of problems to the corresponding problems in
the first set. What do you see?








6. Finally, try this partitioning problem:

You have 1
1
2
oranges, which is
3
5
of an adult serving. How many oranges (and parts of oranges)
make up 1 adult serving?

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