1

Additional Mathematics Chapter 21

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.
1. (a)
0
y
x < 3
x = 3
x
(b)
0
2
4
y
y = 2x 4
y

2x 4
x
(c)
0
5
5
y
y = x + 5
y > x + 5
x
2. (a) y < 2x + 3
(b) y , x + 2
3. (a)
0
y
x = 3
y = 1
y = x
x
(b)
0
5
1
y
y = x + 5
y = x + 1
y = 2x
x
4. (a) y . 3, x , 2 and y < 2x
(b) y > 1, y , x and x + y < 6
(c) Equation of OA is y = 2x
Equation of OB is y =
1

2
x
Equation of CD is x + y = 6
Therefore, y < 2x, y >
1

2
x and x + y , 6.
(d) Equation of AB is y 3 =
3 1

2 4
(x 2)
y 3 = x + 2
y = x + 5
Equation of BC is y =
1
2 1

0 4
2
x + 2
y =
1

4
x + 2
Therefore, y x 1 < 0, y < x + 5 and
y >
1

4
x + 2.
5. (a) y . x
(b) y . 2x
(c) y x . 5
(d) y , x 2
(e) y < 2x
(f) y > 3x
(g) y < 2x
(h) x + 2y < 10
21
Linear Programming
2
Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 21
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.
(i) 2x y > 8
(j)
x

y
<
3

4
4x < 3y
(k) y . 3x
(l) y < 4x 1
(m)
x

y
<
2

5
5x < 2y
(n) (2x + 3y) (x + y) , 4
x + 2y , 4
6. (a) (i) Maximum x = 4
(ii) Minimum y = 2
(iii) 2 < y < 4
(iv) The maximum value of x + 2y = 4 + 2(4)
= 12
The minimum value of x + 2y = 2 + 2(2)
= 6
(b) (i) Maximum x = 3
(ii) Minimum y = 0
(iii) 1 < y < 5
(iv) The maximum value of x + 2y = 2 + 2(5)
= 12
The minimum value of x + 2y = 0 + 2(0)
= 0
(c) (i) Maximum x = 4
(ii) Minimum y = 2
(iii) None
(iv) The maximum value of x + 2y = 3 + 2(4)
= 11
The minimum value of x + 2y = 4 + 2(2)
= 8
7. (a) x > 8, y < 2x, 0.5x + 0.4y < 20
5x + 4y < 200

0
20
30
40
50
10
x
x + y = 10
x = 8 y = 2x
5x + 4y = 200
y
10
(16, 30)
30 20 40
(b) Total number of fruits = x + y
(c) (i) Maximum number of fruits bought
= 16 + 30
= 46
(ii) The range of number of oranges
= {y : 0 < y < 26, y [ w}
(iii) The range of number of apples
= {x : 8 < x < 40, x [ w}
(iv) Cost = 0.5x + 0.4y
The total cost spent = 0.5(20) + 0.4(25)
= 10 + 10
= RM20.00
1. (a) I: 30x + 30y < 540
3x + 3y < 54
II: 40x + 30y > 480
4x + 3y > 48
III:
x

y
>
1

2
2x > y
(b)
0
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2
x
2x + y = 2
y = 2x
4x + 3y = 48
3x + 3y = 54
y
R
2 6 4 8 10 12 14 16 18
(c) (i) Maximum number of cake A produced is 8
(ii) Proft = 2x + y
Minimum proft = 2(5) + 10
= RM20.00
3
Additional Mathematics Chapter 21
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.
2. (a) x + y > 100, y < 2x, y + 3x < 240
(b)
0
40
60
80
100
20
x
120x + 140y = 1680
y = 2x
x + y = 100
y + 3x = 240
y
R
20 60 40 80 100
(c) (i) When y = 45, the maximum value of x = 65
and the minimum value of x = 55
(ii) Charges = 120x + 140y
The maximum charges paid
= 120(48) + 140(96)
= RM19 200
3. (a) x + y < 80, x < 3y, x y < 10
(b)
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
10
x
40x + 20y = 400
x = 3y
x + y = 80 x y = 10
y
R
10
30 20 40 50 60 70 80
(c) (i) If the number of students for subject
P is 20, then the range for subject C is
10 < y < 60.
(ii) Fees = 40x + 20y
The maximum total fees per month
= 40(45) + 20(35)
= 1800 + 700
= RM2500
4. (a) Let x and y represent the number of science and
mathematics reference books respectively.
I: x + y 80
II: y 2x
III: y x 10
(b)
y
0
10 20 30 40 50
x
R
x + y = 80
4x + 2y = 40
y = 2x
y x = 10
10
20
40
60
70
80
90
30
50
60 70 80
(c) (i) The maximum number of mathematics
books that can be bought is 53.
(ii) Cost = 4x + 2y
Let 4x + 2y = 40
At point (10, 20), the total cost is minimum.
Total minimum cost
= 4(10) + 2(20)
= 40 + 40
= RM80
4
Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 21
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.
1. (a) x < 80, y < 60, x + y . 30
(b)
0
20
40
30
50
60
10
x
20x + 10y = 200
y = 60
x = 80
5x + 2y = 100
x + y = 30
y
R
30 20 10 50 40 60 70 80
(c) (i) Cost for a piece of alloy = 20x + 10y
The minimum cost of production
= 20(1) + 10(30)
= RM320
(ii) Proft = 5x + 2y
Maximum proft = 5(80) + 2(60)
= RM520
2. (a) x > 45, y . 40, x + y > 90
(b)
0
20
40
30
50
60
70
80
90
10
x
y = 40
x + y = 90
x = 45
y
30 20 10 50 40 60 70 80 90
(c) (i) 50 ways
(ii) 10 ways
3. (a) x + y < 200,

x

y
<
1

8
, that is, 8x < y
100x + 500y > 10 000, that is, x + 5y > 100
(b)
0
100
200
150
50
x
y = 8x
x + y = 200
100x + 50y = 2500
x + 5y = 100
y
R
150 100 50 200
(c) (i) 160 < y < 180
(ii) Proft = 100x + 50y
The maximum proft = 100(22) + 50(178)
= RM11 100
1. (a)
0
B(0, 1)
A(0, 2)
D(2, 8)
C(4, 1)
y
R
x
Equation of AD is
y =
1
8 2

2 0
2
x + 2
y = 3x + 2
5
Additional Mathematics Chapter 21
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.
Equation of CD is
y 1 =
8 1

2 4
(x 4)
y 1 =
7

2
(x 4)
2y + 2 = 7x 28
2y = 7x 30
2y = 7x + 30
Therefore, the three inequalities are y . 1,
y < 3x + 2, 2y + 7x < 30.
(b) {(0, 2), (1, 5), (2, 8)}
2. Equation of line DEFG is
y 1 =
2 1

4 3
(x 3)
y 1 = x 3
y = x 2
Equation of line ABCD is
y =
1
4 3

0 1
2
x + 4
y = x + 4
Therefore, the three inequalities are y < 4, y > x 2,
y > x + 4.
Maximum value = 4(x + y)
= 4(6 + 4)
= 40
3. (a) x + y < 60, x > 10, x < 2y
(b)
0
30
40
50
60
20
10
x
R
y
x = 10
10
2
0
x

+

1
0
y

=

2
0
0
x

+

y

=

6
0
x
=
2
y
30 20 40 50 60
(c) Transportation collection = 20x + 10y
Maximum transportation collection
= 20(40) + 10(20)
= 800 + 200
= RM1000
4. (a) x + y < 40, 50x + 100y > 3000,
x

y
<
1

2

x + 2y > 60
2x < y
(b)
0
30
40
20
10
x
R
y
10
2x = y
2
0
x +
8
0
y =
6
4
0
x

+

y

=

4
0
x
+
2
y
=
6
0
30 20 40 50 60
(c) (i) From the graph, the minimum number of
adults = 24 people
(ii) Proft = 20x + 80y
Minimum proft = 20(12) + 80(24)
= 240 + 1920
= RM2160
5. (a) x < 40, x + y > 50, y < 2x,
50x + 100y < 5000
x + 2y < 100
(b)
0
30
40
50
60
70
80
20
10
x
R
y
x = 40
y = 2x
x + y = 50
10
x
+
2
y
=
1
0
0
30 20 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
(c) (i) From the graph,
when x = 30, 20 < y < 35
(ii) From the graph,
if x = y, 25 < x < 33 and 25 < y < 33
(iii) From the graph, the maximum number of
commodity B is 40.