Common Structural Rules for

Bulk Carriers, January 2006

Background Document
CHAPTER 4 DESIGN LOADS

NOTE:
- This TB is published to improve the transparency of CSRs and increase the
understanding of CSRs in the industry.
- The content of the TB is not to be considered as requirements.
- This TB cannot be used to avoid any requirements in CSRs, and in cases
where this TB deviates from the Rules, the Rules have precedence.
- This TB provides the background for the first version (January 2006) of the
CSRs, and is not subject to maintenance.

COMMON STRUCTURAL RULES FOR BULK CARRIERS BACKGROUND DOCUMENT

PAGE 2 CHAPTER 4: DESIGN LOADS

IACS - the International Association of Classification Societies and the

International Association of Classification Societies Limited
All rights reserved.
Except as permitted under current English legislation no part of this work may be
photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted,
broadcast, transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by means, without
prior permission of the copyright owner.
Where IACS has granted written permission for any part of this publication to be
quoted such quotation must include acknowledgement to IACS.
Enquiries should be addressed to the Permanent Secretary,
International Association of Classification Societies Ltd,
36 Broadway
London, SW1H 0BH
Telephone: +44 (0)20 7976 0660
Fax: +44 (0)20 7808 1100
Email: PERMSEC@IACS.ORG.UK

Terms and Conditions

The International Association of Classification Societies (IACS), its Member Societies
and IACS Ltd. and their directors, officers, members, employees and agents (on
behalf of whom this notice is issued) shall be under no liability or responsibility in
contract or negligence or otherwise howsoever to any person in respect of any
information or advice expressly or impliedly given in this document, or in respect of
any inaccuracy herein or omission herefrom or in respect of any act or omission
which has caused or contributed to this document being issued with the information
or advice it contains (if any).
Without derogating from the generality of the foregoing, neither the International
Association of Classification Societies (IACS) nor IACS Ltd. nor its Member Societies
nor their directors, officers, members, employees or agents shall be liable in contract
or negligence or otherwise howsoever for any direct, indirect or consequential loss to
any person caused by or arising from any information, advice, inaccuracy or omission
given or contained herein or any act or omission causing or contributing to any such
information, advice, inaccuracy or omission given or contained herein.
Any dispute concerning the provision of material herein is subject to the exclusive
jurisdiction of the English courts and will be governed by English Law.

COMMON STRUCTURAL RULES FOR BULK CARRIERS

COMMON STRUCTURAL RULES FOR BULK CARRIERS BACKGROUND DOCUMENT

PAGE 3 CHAPTER 4: DESIGN LOADS

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
SECTION 1 GENERAL..................................................................................................................... 6
1

GENERAL.................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 ........................................................................................................................................................ 6

SECTION 2 SHIP MOTIONS AND ACCELERATIONS................................................................. 7

1

GENERAL.................................................................................................................................... 7
1.1 ........................................................................................................................................................ 7

SHIP ABSOLUTE MOTIONS AND ACCELERATIONS ........................................................... 7

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5

Roll .......................................................................................................................................... 7
Pitch......................................................................................................................................... 8
Heave ...................................................................................................................................... 8
Sway ........................................................................................................................................ 8
Surge ....................................................................................................................................... 8

SHIP RELATIVE ACCELERATIONS ......................................................................................... 9

3.1
3.2

General .................................................................................................................................... 9
Accelerations ........................................................................................................................... 9

SECTION 3 HULL GIRDER LOADS ............................................................................................. 10

1

GENERAL.................................................................................................................................. 10
1.1

STILL WATER LOADS ............................................................................................................. 10

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

Sign conventions of bending moments and shear forces ...................................................... 10

General .................................................................................................................................. 10
Still water bending moment .................................................................................................. 10
Still water shear force ............................................................................................................ 11
Still water bending moment and still water shear force in flooded condition ...................... 11

WAVE LOADS .......................................................................................................................... 11

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

Vertical wave bending moments........................................................................................... 11

Vertical wave shear force ...................................................................................................... 12
Horizontal wave bending moment ....................................................................................... 12
Wave torsional moment ........................................................................................................ 12

SECTION 4 LOAD CASES ............................................................................................................. 13

1

GENERAL.................................................................................................................................. 13
1.1
1.2

Application............................................................................................................................ 13
Equivalent design wave ........................................................................................................ 13

LOAD CASES ............................................................................................................................ 14

2.1
2.2

General .................................................................................................................................. 14
Load combination factors ...................................................................................................... 15

SECTION 5 EXTERNAL PRESSURES ........................................................................................... 16

1

EXTERNAL PRESSURES ON SIDE SHELL AND BOTTOM .................................................. 16

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

General .................................................................................................................................. 16
Hydrostatic pressure ............................................................................................................. 16
Hydrodynamic pressures for load cases H1, H2, F1 and F2 ................................................. 16
Hydrodynamic pressures for load cases R1 and R2 .............................................................. 16
Hydrodynamic pressure for load cases P1 and P2 ................................................................ 17

COMMON STRUCTURAL RULES FOR BULK CARRIERS

COMMON STRUCTURAL RULES FOR BULK CARRIERS BACKGROUND DOCUMENT

PAGE 4 CHAPTER 4: DESIGN LOADS

1.6
2

EXTERNAL PRESSURES ON EXPOSED DECKS .................................................................... 17

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

Exposed decks ....................................................................................................................... 18

Exposed wheel house tops.................................................................................................... 18
Sides of superstructures......................................................................................................... 18
Superstructure end bulkheads and deckhouse walls ............................................................ 18

PRESSURE IN BOW AREA ....................................................................................................... 19

4.1
4.2

General .................................................................................................................................. 17
Load cases H1, H2, F1 and F2 ................................................................................................ 17
Load cases R1, R2, P1, and P2................................................................................................ 18
Loads carried on exposed deck ............................................................................................. 18

EXTERNAL PRESSURES ON SUPERSTRUCTURES AND DECKHOUSES .......................... 18

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

Correction to hydrodynamic pressures ................................................................................. 17

Bow flare area pressure ......................................................................................................... 19

Design bottom slamming pressure........................................................................................ 19

EXTERNAL PRESSURES ON HATCH COVERS ..................................................................... 19

5.1
5.2

General .................................................................................................................................. 19
Wave pressure ....................................................................................................................... 19

SECTION 6 INTERNAL PRESSURES AND FORCES................................................................... 20

1

LATERAL PRESSURE DUE TO DRY BULK CARGO.............................................................. 20

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

LATERAL PRESSURE DUE TO LIQUID.................................................................................. 21

2.1
2.2

Pressure due to liquid in still water....................................................................................... 21

Inertial pressure due to liquid ............................................................................................... 21

LATERAL PRESSURES AND FORCES IN FLOODED CONDITION .................................... 23

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

Dry bulk cargo upper surface................................................................................................ 20

Dry bulk cargo pressure in still water ................................................................................... 20
Inertial pressure due to dry bulk cargo ................................................................................. 20
Shear load due to dry bulk cargo........................................................................................... 21

Application ............................................................................................................................ 23
General .................................................................................................................................. 23
Transverse vertically corrugated watertight bulkheads........................................................ 23
Double bottom....................................................................................................................... 24

TESTING LATERAL PRESSURE.............................................................................................. 24

4.1

Still water pressure ................................................................................................................ 24

SECTION 7 LOADING CONDITIONS ......................................................................................... 25

1

APPLICATION .......................................................................................................................... 25
1.1
1.2

GENERAL.................................................................................................................................. 25
2.1
2.2
2.3

Ships having a length (L) less than 150 m.............................................................................. 25

Ships having a length (L) of 150 m and above....................................................................... 25
Design loading conditions General..................................................................................... 25
Applicable ballast conditions ................................................................................................ 26
Departure and arrival conditions .......................................................................................... 26

DESIGN LOADING CONDITIONS FOR LOCAL STRENGTH ............................................. 26

3.1

Definitions ............................................................................................................................. 26

COMMON STRUCTURAL RULES FOR BULK CARRIERS

COMMON STRUCTURAL RULES FOR BULK CARRIERS BACKGROUND DOCUMENT

PAGE 5 CHAPTER 4: DESIGN LOADS

3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
4

Applicable general conditions............................................................................................... 26

Additional conditions applicable except when additional service feature {no MP} is assigned
26
Additional conditions applicable for BC-A only................................................................... 27
Additional conditions applicable for ballast hold(s) only ..................................................... 27
Additional conditions applicable during loading and unloading in harbour only............... 27
Hold mass curves .................................................................................................................. 27

DESIGN LOADING CONDITIONS FOR DIRECT STRENGTH ANALYSIS ........................ 27

4.1
4.2
4.3

Loading patterns ................................................................................................................... 27

Still water vertical bending moment and shear force............................................................ 28
Application............................................................................................................................ 28

SECTION 8 LOADING MANUAL AND LOADING INSTRUMENT .......................................... 29

1

GENERAL.................................................................................................................................. 29
1.1
1.2

LOADING MANUAL................................................................................................................ 29
2.1
2.2
2.3

Definitions ............................................................................................................................. 29
Conditions of approval ......................................................................................................... 30

ANNUAL AND CLASS RENEWAL SURVEY .......................................................................... 30

4.1

Definitions ............................................................................................................................. 29
Conditions of approval ......................................................................................................... 29
Language............................................................................................................................... 29

LOADING INSTRUMENT ....................................................................................................... 29

3.1
3.2

All ships................................................................................................................................. 29
Ships equal to or greater than 150 m in length (L) ................................................................ 29

General .................................................................................................................................. 30

GUIDANCE FOR LOADING/UNLOADING SEQUENCES.................................................... 30

5.1

General .................................................................................................................................. 30

APPENDIX 1 HOLD MASS CURVES............................................................................................ 32

1

GENERAL.................................................................................................................................. 32
1.1

Application............................................................................................................................ 32

MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM MASSES OF CARGO IN EACH HOLD ................................. 32

2.1
Maximum permissible mass and minimum required masses of single cargo hold in seagoing
condition ........................................................................................................................................... 32
2.2
Maximum permissible mass and minimum required masses of single cargo hold in harbour
condition ........................................................................................................................................... 33

MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM MASSES OF CARGO OF TWO ADJACENT HOLDS ........... 33

3.1
Maximum permissible mass and minimum required masses of two adjacent holds in
seagoing condition ............................................................................................................................ 33
3.2
Maximum permissible mass and minimum required masses of two adjacent cargo holds in
harbour condition.............................................................................................................................. 33

APPENDIX 2 STANDARD LOADING CONDITION FOR DIRECT STRENGTH ANALYSIS .. 34

APPENDIX 3 STANDARD LOADING CONDITION FOR FATIGUE ASSESSMENT ............... 35

COMMON STRUCTURAL RULES FOR BULK CARRIERS