QUESTION:

Whats the difference between welding and soldering?

ANSWER: #1
Welding is joint between the two metals with high temp &
Mostly used in the hard metals
Soldering is a two or more metals joined together by a Melting& used in the light metals
______________________________________________________________

QUESTION:
What are the supports using in critical pipe line and what are the types of support using oil gas,
power plant
ANSWER: #2
First of all critical pipelines is classified based on
Thermal limits or vibration limits for thermally critical pipes we generally use spring
Supports, guides for allowing expansion of pipe for vibration we use snubbers or expansion
loops, anchors
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QUESTION:
What is npsh and how to calculate it for a centrifugal pump?
ANSWER: #2
NPSH is the acronym of Net Positive Suction Head, there r 2 NPSH one is NPSH (a) and
NPSHi.e. , NPSH available and required Always NPSH (a) should be higher than the
NPSHthis NPSHwill be determined by the pump manufacturer
Itself TO calculate NPSH (a)
NPSHa =Atm pressure acting on the liquid +static head - vapour pressure of the liquid-
pressure
Loss in the suction piping - pressure loss due to the suction strainer

QUESTION:
What is the effect of rust on seet metal?
ANSWER: #2
DUE TO CORROSION THIS RUSTING OCCURS & RESULTS ARE
1 WEIGHT LOSS
2 STRENGTH OF METAL (LOAD CARRINNG CAPACTY)
3 WILL AFFECT OTHER METAL IN CONTACT WITH THAT METAL
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QUESTION:
What is the difference between four strokes and two strokes IC ENGINE?
ANSWER: #1
in four stroke engine two revolution crank shaft one power stroke will be produced in two
stroke engine one revolution crank shaft one power stroke will be produced
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QUESTION:
What is the difference between four strokes and two strokes IC ENGINE?
ANSWER: #2
In 4 stroke engine crank revolute two times and one power
Stroke be produced that to in 2 stroke engine one revolution made bye the crank
Shaft and one power stroke is occurred
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QUESTION:
What is the difference between four stroke and two stroke ic engine
ANSWER: #3
2 Stroke engines are reversible rotation but 4 strokes are not



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QUESTION:
Difference between strainer and filter.
ANSWER: #3
Strainer for coarse size, filter is more accurate than
Strainer.
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QUESTION:
Why screw pumps are used instead of centrifugal pump?
ANSWER: #1
Give more pressure at exit fluid
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QUESTION:
Why screw pumps are used instead of centrifugal pump?
ANSWER: #2
Screw pump is positive displacement type pump and when we
Require high pressure screw pump is used, where as centrifugal pump is non-positive type and
used for high flow less pressure
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QUESTION:
why screw pumps are used instead of centrifugal pump?
ANSWER: #3
Screw pumps r +ve displacement with high pressure and low
Discharge
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QUESTION:
what is the difference between impulse and reaction turbines ?
ANSWER: #5
The main difference between reaction and impulse turbine is
that reaction turbine operates on Newtons third law of motion that is when steam leaves the
rotor blades at an angle the turbine is pushed towards opposite direction and to a certain extent
static pressure impulse is also utilized for the movement Where as in impulse turbine only
kinetic head of steam is responsible for movement of turbine that is movement of turbine takes
place in direction of impact and not opposite to the impact as was the case with reaction turbines


QUESTION:
Difference between performance and efficiency?
ANSWER: #1
every machine are meant to convert one form of energy to
other, now performance means whether machine is able to convert it or not & efficiency means
how effectively it is able to convert


QUESTION:
difference between steam hammering and water hammering
ANSWER: #1
Actually the main difference between steam hammering and
water hammering is, In a steam pipe if there is some water accumulation it is carried over by the
high pressure and high temperature steam and it creates hammering this is known as water
hammering in steam pipes Similarly in a water pipe is steam enters it will create some sound this
is known as steam hammering
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QUESTION:
difference between steam hammering and water hammering
ANSWER: #3
Consider a pipe line with a regulating valve, carrying water
from a reservoir to some sump
Initially the valve is imagined to be fully
opened and water will be freely flowing Suppose we shut the
valve suddenly, The Water coming the upstream will be
subjected to impact the Valve shutter , causing severe boost
in water pressure and produces vibrations in
pipeline ,known as water hammer
Steam Hammer may be attributed to the similar
effect caused by working steam

QUESTION:
Which one is more efficient? A four stroke engine or a two stroke and why?
ANSWER: #1
4 Stroke engine is more efficient primarily because of the
presence of valves which precisely control the flow of
charge into the chamber and exit the exhaust gases with
proper timing which is hard to achieve by ports in a 2
stroke engine
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QUESTION: Which one is more efficient? A four stroke engine or a two stroke and why?
ANSWER:
#2 Four stroke engine is more efficient than two stroke engine
as the fuel consumption is four stroke is less and the
combustion power in four stroke engine is greater there by
reducing the emission of smellier gases
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QUESTION:
Which one is more efficient? A four stroke engine or a two stroke and why?
ANSWER: #3
A four stroke is more efficient There are two revolutions
of the crankshaft for every complete cycle, whereas the two
stroke rotates the engine only once
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QUESTION:
Which one is more efficient? A four stroke engine or a two stroke and why?
ANSWER: #4
For the same size of cylinder, Some of the power and
compression stroke get wasted due to the presence of ports
Improper combustion due to the mixing of burnt gases with
fuel
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QUESTION:
Which one is more efficient? A four stroke engine or a two stroke and why?
ANSWER: #5
A four stroke engine is more efficient than 2-stroke due the
following reasons:-
1)For the same size of cylinder, Some of the power and
Compression stroke get wasted due to the presence of ports
Improper combustion due to the mixing of burnt gases with
Fuel
2) The fuel consumption is four stroke is less and the
Combustion power in four stroke engine is greater there by
reducing the emission of smellier gases

3 )presence of valves which precisely control the flow of
charge into the chamber and exit the exhaust gases with
proper timing which is hard to achieve by ports in a 2
stroke engine
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QUESTION: Which one is more efficient? A four stroke engine or a two stroke and why?
ANSWER: # 6
4s engine is more efficient than 2s as compared with the
following:
load: 4s more load carrying capacity
2s less load carrying capacity
efficiency: 4s more efficient
2s less efficient
power :4s more
2s less
the reasons being ,the presence of valves in 4s helps it to
take in fresh charge and drive out the exhausts more
effectively then in 2s
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QUESTION:
Which one is more efficient? A four stroke engine or a two stroke and why?
ANSWER: #7
4 strokes is more efficient than 2 stroke in terms of fuel
consumption and emission
But in terms of power, 2 stroke is more efficient it
produces power in 1 revolutions of crankshaft than 4 strokes
in which 2 revolutions required
Moreover, the worlds most powerful engine is turbocharged
2 stroke diesel engine of around 1,00,000 hp developed by
Aioi works, J apan
some one had made a mistake in the answer s shown above
Informing 4 strokes is better in power

QUESTION: How will we know in which direction a liquid is flowing in a pipe?
ANSWER: #1
Depending upon the direction of delivery and towards the
end flow direction
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QUESTION: How will we know in which direction a liquid is flowing in a pipe?
ANSWER: #2
IN THE DIRECTION WHERE THE PRESSURE OF FLUID IS LOW (I e
from high to low pressure region)
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QUESTION: How will we know in which direction a liquid is flowing in a pipe?
ANSWER: #3
flow of liquid depends upon the pressure, so the liquid flow
from high pressure to low pressure
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QUESTION: How will we know in which direction a liquid is flowing in a pipe?
ANSWER: #4
from High pressure region to low pressure region always
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QUESTION: How will we know in which direction a liquid is flowing in a pipe?
ANSWER: #5
Fluid will not always flow from high pressure region to low
pressure region The correct answer: is fluid flows from
high head to low head
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QUESTION: How will we know in which direction a liquid is flowing in a pipe?
ANSWER: #6
The Direction of flow inside a pipe can be rightly judged
with the help of touching on the pipe The vibration would
rightly be able to understand the direction and also the
quantity of flow
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QUESTION: How will we know in which direction a liquid is flowing in a pipe?
ANSWER: #7
The fluid always not depend on the direction, the correct
ANSWER: is a fluid flow from high head to low head in this
region
________________________________________________________
QUESTION: How will we know in which direction a liquid is flowing in a pipe?
ANSWER: #8
by visual inspection

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QUESTION: what is discharge? how is measured?
ANSWER: #2
Q =A x V
where A is the area in which liquid passing
V is the velocity of the liquid in that system
so it is in m^3/sec

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QUESTION: why the exhaust temp of gas turbine is more than steam turbine
ANSWER: #1
Steam, unless it is super-heated, is less because CO2 can
achieve much hotter temperatures at a gas state Steam
just reaches 212 degrees
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QUESTION: types of pipes
ANSWER: #1
Seamless pipe
Electric resistance welded pipe
cast pipes

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QUESTION: what is the exact requirement of priming?
ANSWER: #1
To remove the air from pump cavities
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QUESTION: what is the exact requirement of priming?
ANSWER: #3
priming is done in pumps to remove the entrapped air from
the suction pipe thus aiding in smooth operation and
avoiding in excess load on the pump
________________________________________________________

QUESTION: what is the exact requirement of priming?
ANSWER: #4
in case of positive displacement pumps (ex :reciprocating Pump) the piston or mechanical
member directly creates the vacuum or lower pressure such that the water or liquid is
sucked in case of centrifugal pumps the impeller just displaces the water due to the centrifugal
force as the water at center of impeller is displaced to the
casing partial vacuum gets created at the eye of impeller and hence suction of new water takes
place if there is no water around impeller only air is present and it cant be displaced by the
pump impeller as air is compressible the pump impeller is designed to handle water or liquid
therefore to remove the air and fill the casing with water the priming is carried out there is no
need of priming if there is an foot valve and its working well
_______________________________________________________________



QUESTION: In a Steam Turbine, where does the maximum loss of efficiency occur?
ANSWER: #1
Heat lost through cooling water in condenser
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QUESTION: can we say all tapered pipes as nozzle?
ANSWER: #1
Yes, if the diameter reduces uniformly from a larger Diameter to
a smaller Diameter laminar flow
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QUESTION: can we say all tapered pipes as nozzle?
ANSWER: #2
based on the formula [dA/A=(m^2-1)*dv/v]
if mach number and change in area known, what ever the sign
we get -ve or +ve we will decide
if dA=+VE and m>1 then dv=+ve hence nozzle
if dA=-VE and m>1 then dv=-ve hence diffuser
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QUESTION: can we say all tapered pipes as nozzle?
ANSWER: #3
No, Not all tapered pipes are nozzles
It may be diffuser or simply a pipe depending upon the flow
conditions like mach number and pressure drop
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QUESTION: can we say all tapered pipes as nozzle?
ANSWER: #4
no based on direction we say diffuser also , and also based
on purpose thats use only pipe
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QUESTION: What are all the possibilities discharge will be low in the pumps?
ANSWER: #1
1 Internal Leakages in pumps
2 Lesser speed of a motor due to electrical power supply
Problems
3 High load on pumps
4 Chocked output filter
5 Chocked input filter
6 External leakages from the pump
7 Change in viscosity of the fluid
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QUESTION: What are all the possibilities discharge will be low in the pumps?
ANSWER: #2
DUE TO SLIP OCCURED IN THE PUMP
________________________________________________________ ___






QUESTION: What are all the possibilities discharge will be low in the pumps?
ANSWER: #3
also design defects matter in discharge if there is bending in
the pipe then losses will be more that affect the
discharge


QUESTION: What are all the possibilities discharge will be low in the pumps?
ANSWER: #5
also checked the direction of rotation of pump due to
wrong electrical connection
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QUESTION: What are all the possibilities discharge will be low in the pumps?
ANSWER: #6
may be due to lack of proper venting in suction and
discharge lines



QUESTION: exactly how a vapor bubble can destroy impeller?
ANSWER: #1
normally vapour bubbles are formed in an impeller due to
the phenomenon of turbine cavitations the vapour bubbles
being low pressure points raise to the surface hitting the
impeller ,get ruptured between the high pressure fluid and
the impeller body and eventually burst damaging the
impeller body
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QUESTION: exactly how a vapor bubble can destroy impeller?
ANSWER: #2
vapour bubble is one which cause damage the pump is
not a pressure developing device ,due to rotation of
impeller speed a centrifugal force is created in case of
centrifugal pump where vacuum is created at centre which
air may mix with fluid to form bubbles ,where rotation of
impeller which strikes the bubbles which the oxidation
effect damage the pump casing & impeller
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QUESTION: exactly how a vapor bubble can destroy impeller?
ANSWER: #3
In certain point in fluid the pressure of localized point
or area decreases below vapour pressure this causes the
evaporation of fluid and vapour bubbles are formed These
bubbles rise in the fluid and at certain point, where the
pressure is above vapour pressure, the bubbles blast If it
occurs our surface (Turbine blade or any other), it causes
the pressure to effect the surface too And the surface
comes under stress After that stress is relived this
process continues I e stressing and reliving this cause
development of fatigue load, which inturen cause the
failure of the impeller



QUESTION: how a centrifugal pump is working?
ANSWER: #1
fluid is enter in center of the impeller, and is picked up by
impeller, fluid move radically due to centrifugal force No
demand of fluid in centrifugal pump so does t need
pressure relief valve
In this used only High volume & low pressure condition
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QUESTION: how a centrifugal pump is working?
ANSWER: #2
Pump is adding energy to a fluid The energy addition is
achieved by means of centrifugal force in centrifugal
pump When fluid enters into the impeller eye (Center of the
impeller where vacuum exists because of pumping), the fluid
will be thrown out of impeller eye by a centrifugal force
which adding the velocity to the fluid The volute
surrounding the impeller guides the fluid to the discharge
and it converts the velocity energy to pressure energy
(head) when u keeps the discharge valve closed, it will
attain the shut off head once the discharge valve is
opened the fluid will start to flow and head will start
decreases since the energy addition is shared by pressure
energy and velocity energy
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QUESTION: how a centrifugal pump is working?
ANSWER: #3
Centrifugal pump basically work on the principal of
Pressure difference The pump causes the decrement in the
pressure so that fluid flows from high pressure to low
pressure zone
It has no doubt that centrifugal force also plays there
roles, but the majority portion of picking the fluid is
done by Pressure difference only
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QUESTION: how a centrifugal pump is working?
ANSWER: #4 centrifugal pumps work by converting the kinetic energy of
a liquid into pressure energy it does this by means of two
major components, i.e. the impeller and the diffuser as the
impeller is rotated by means of a motor or engine, a low
pressure region is created at the impeller eye causing the
liquid to be sucked into the eye as the impeller rotates
the sucked fluid is thrown out with force through the
periphery of the impeller now the diffuser comes into
action the diffuser due to its shape of varying x sectional
area causes the liquid to slow down and from Bernoullis
principle, a reduction in kinetic head will be compensated
by an increase in pressure head thats basically how it
works



QUESTION: IN A THERMAL POWER PLANT, WHY IS THE USED STEAM
CONDENSED INTO WATER AND THEN SENT BACK TO THE BOILER, WHY NOT
DIRECTLY REHEATING THE SAME STEAM??
ANSWER:
#1 because to avoid erosion
________________________________________________________ ___
1 No


QUESTION: IN A THERMAL POWER PLANT, WHY IS THE USED STEAM
CONDENSED INTO WATER AND THEN SENT BACK TO THE BOILER, WHY NOT
DIRECTLY REHEATING THE SAME STEAM??
ANSWER:
#2 Because the specific volume of steam is more for steam
compared to water so if we are not condensing it, the
entire power generated by the turbine will be utilized only
to pump the steam Also as per second law of
thermodynamics, there must be a source and a sink Here
boiler acts as a source and condenser as a sink
________________________________________________________ ___




QUESTION: IN A THERMAL POWER PLANT, WHY IS THE USED STEAM
CONDENSED INTO WATER AND THEN SENT BACK TO THE BOILER, WHY NOT
DIRECTLY REHEATING THE SAME STEAM??
ANSWER:
#3 for pumping the steam from the turbine to boiler requires
more energy this energy consumes nearly 75% of turbine it
reduces efficiency of plant
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QUESTION: which case we will find maximum pressure and flow in centrifugal pump-
circular casing or volute casing
ANSWER:
#1 Volute Casing


QUESTION: if in centrifugal pump suction, discharge and impeller size constant and motor
rpm increase what is the effect on pressure and flow
ANSWER: #1
Pressure increase and flow remain constant
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QUESTION: if in centrifugal pump suction, discharge and impeller size constant and motor
rpm increase what is the effect on pressure and flow
ANSWER:
#2 Both the flow and the pressure will increase based on the
Affinity law which say if the RPM increase by a factor
Of 2 the new flow increase also by a factor of 2 whereas
The pressure or head of the pump will increase by a factor
Of 4
________________________________________________

QUESTION: if in centrifugal pump suction, discharge and impeller size constant and motor
rpm increase what is the effect on pressure and flow
ANSWER:
#3 As RPM will increase, it will cause increase in Velocity
Of Impeller, as diameter is fixed
This increase velocity will inturen cause increase in
Velocity of fluid
So discharge: Q =AV
Will increase
_____________________________________________________



QUESTION: If I import a steam boiler from USA and want to install it in India, will it work ?
________________________________________________________ ___

QUESTION: If I import a steam boiler from USA and want to install it in India, will it work ?
ANSWER:
#2 generally it will not work because of normal and boiling
Temperature in India and US will vary due as atmospheric
Temperature of India and US r different
However if the steam boiler is designed to meet the
Specification of both the countries then itll work!!!!
________________________________________________________

QUESTION: IN THERMAL POWER PLANT WHY WE ARE USING SINGLE SHAFT
FOR THE COUPLING OF HP, IP&LOW PRESSURE TURBINES WE CAN USE
INDIVIDUAL SHAFT FOR EACH TURBINE ?
ANSWER: #1
However 3 turbines are having individual shafts only
May be in some designs HP & IP are in single shaft and LP
Only in another shaft for 110 MW BHEL design
For any 500MW, All 3 turbines are coupled with individual
Shafts only
This concept is bases on Torque and Steam pressure

QUESTION: In a thermal power plant: Why the Dearator is placed at height and mostly at 15
5mtr?
ANSWER:
#1 so as to net positive suction head (NPSH) for the boiler
Feed pump (BFP) in conjecture with booster pump
________________________________________________________ ___

QUESTION: In a thermal power plant: Why the Dearator is placed at height and mostly at 15
5mtr?
ANSWER:
#2 for net positive suction head for feed pump



QUESTION: suppose that there is a gas turbine of 110MW having 3 stages, and compressor
having 17 stages what will happened when the stages of turbine increases to 6
ANSWER:
#1 there is no any effect of increasing the stages of turbine

QUESTION: how will effect of water injection on turbine load and corresponding MW output
(not water washing)
ANSWER:
#1 I think the concept of governor is the ANSWER: I e when load
Is increased speed decreases and governor increases the
Supply of water and vice versa

QUESTION: what is the difference between technology and engineering?
ANSWER:
#1 Engineering is cause and technology is the effect
I mean to say that engineering is the art of using
Scientific principles to create new technologies
Hope u get the point


QUESTION: what are the supports using in critical pipe line and what are the type of support
using oil gas, power plant
ANSWER:
#1 dead load support, Tie rod type supports are generally used
For critical pipe lines
________________________________________________________ ___

QUESTION: what are the supports using in critical pipe line and what are the type of support
using oil gas, power plant
ANSWER:
#2 first of all critical pipeline is classified based on
thermal limits or vibration limits
for thermally critical pipes we generally use spring
supports, guides for allowing expansion of pipe
for vibration we use snubbers or expansion loops, anchors


QUESTION: Which type of impeller has highest speed Backward, Forward ,Straight?
ANSWER:
#1 the backward curved has the highest speed
If we plot the outlet cure diagram for these three
condition, we found that absolute velocity and flow
velocity remains constant, only the relative velocity
component changes with the curvation of vane
In the backward curve vane, it has highest value of U (as
per the diagram)

QUESTION: why more extractions are restricted in steam turbine
ANSWER:
#1 it decreases the efficiency of the turbine
basically, steam extractions is done in the steam turbine
to recover the part of the heat loss in the condenser
at the same time we are loosing work done also
if we extract more steam from turbine, work done by the
steam turbine will reduce
________________________________________________________ ___
0 Akm

QUESTION: why more extractions are restricted in steam turbine
ANSWER:
#2 This extraction is some times useful to us
By extract some steam at the last state of L P turbine, we
can reduce the back pressure and it enhances the vacuum
function in condenser
But as extraction are increases, the main rotation of
turbine decreases due to insufficient pressure

QUESTION: difference between antifriction bearing and journal bearing
ANSWER:
#1 anti friction bearings are also called roller bearings
which is having a point contact hence it has less friction
as compared to journal bearing


QUESTION: How can we calculate BOILER capacity
ANSWER:
#1 Based on the super heated steam raising capacity per hour
of the boiler

QUESTION: What is the difference between head & total head in pump
ANSWER:
#1 Total head is the sum of pressure head and suction head
Pressure head refers to the height unto the pump can suck
the water and the pressure head refers to the height which
the pump can force the water
________________________________________________________ ___

QUESTION: What is the difference between head & total head in pump
ANSWER:
#2 Total head =suction head +Discharge head or delivery head
suction head means from how much depth the pump can suck the
liquid
Delivery head means how much height it can deliver the liquid
________________________________________________________ ___ 1 Yes






QUESTION: What is the difference between head & total head in pump
ANSWER:
#3 The discharge head of the pump is equal to the summation of
static head and friction head in the discharge pipe
However ; the pump total head is equal to the summation of
static head and the friction head in the suction and
discharge pipe
N B Static head =Is the vertical distance between the
water level in the suction and discharge tanks
friction head =is the head loss due to pipe friction and
fittings


QUESTION: What is the vane diagram in centrifugal pump
ANSWER:
#1 VANE diagram drawn between flow and rpm of pump

QUESTION: what is the function of nozzle? what happened when the fluid flow through a
taper pipe I e what about inlet and outlet velocity, pressure,
ANSWER:
#1 nozzle is a device which converts (high pressure and low
velocity fluid) at inlet into (high velocity fluid and low
pressure) at exit
________________________________________________________ ___

QUESTION: what is the function of nozzle? what happened when the fluid flow through a
taper pipe I e what about inlet and outlet velocity, pressure,
ANSWER:
#2 nozzle is the device which is used for converting fluids
pressure energy into kinetic energy if a fluid is passed
through a tapered pipe its velocity is higher at the outlet
as compared to inlet

QUESTION: What is difference between Installation and Commisioning ????
ANSWER:
#1 installing means just install any device or machine in
without working condition
and commissioning means to run that same machine or device
that was installed to convert that dead machine into
working condition properly according to the desired
parameters on safe condition is known as commissioning
________________________________________________________ ___

QUESTION: What is difference between Installation and Commissioning ????
ANSWER:
#2 installation means just we place the machine ideally
commissioning means we have to make to machine to run
that means we have to check whether the machine is running
properly or not otherwise is there any leaks or whether
we are getting our desire parameters or not