How possible is it to make the claim that mathematical knowledge is certain knowledge?

Mathematics is something we use and see all around us every day whether we are counting money
or using technological devices such as mobile phones or computers. Mathematics has been used
throughout history in order to model real life process that happens in the world. Mathematics has
been used as a source of knowledge for many individuals in the past, who have used it to explain
how the world works. Mathematics has been used to prove the certainty of scientific knowledge. For
example newtons laws of motion, all have mathematical links behind them such as the F= MA
where acceleration has to be a numerical constant. Because of this connection, it could be said that
mathematic knowledge is certain as it is used to prove the certainty of other knowledge such as
scientific knowledge. However, some people say that mathematics is invented, so how can it be
deemed as knowledge in the first place. Before we can explore whether mathematical knowledge is
certain knowledge we must first define what mathematics and certainty is.
Mathematics as defined by the oxford dictionary is the abstract science of number, quantity, and
space. It is used to quantize the physical world around us. Some people claim that mathematic
knowledge is part of the natural sciences as it cannot be falsified and is naturally occurring even if it
wasnt discovered. For example, the mathematical term e is connected with the golden ratio which
can link different parts of the human body together with the same common ratio. Other renowned
people such as Carl Friedrich Gauss (17771855) referred to mathematics as "the Queen of the
Sciences. On the other hand people feel that mathematical knowledge is natural occurring but
rather is invented. Albert Einstein (18791955) stated that "as far as the laws of mathematics refer
to reality, they are not certain; and as far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality. With this
view it can be said that even though mathematical equations, formulas etc. might be true, it doesnt
mean that it can applied to reality and because of this it cannot be considered a discovered science
as it cannot be applied to reality.
To see whether mathematical knowledge is certain knowledge we must also define what certainty is.
The oxford dictionary defines certainty as a fact that is definitely true or an event that is definitely
going to take place. When something is certain it cannot be falsified as there is no other event that
can take place. Examples of certainty include the existence of gravity, for we know whatever goes up
must come back down due to the force of gravity. Certainty can be seen in various places in the
natural sciences of biology, physics and chemistry which have different laws and equations which
always work. However in the human sciences it can be seen that certainty doesnt exist as much. For
example in psychology, even with all the studies that have been conducted, we can only say that
something is highly probable rather than certain.
In order to make the claim that mathematical knowledge is certain knowledge we must assume that
it is part of the natural sciences, which follows the views of Carl Friedrich Gauss, and understand
how it works. From the assumption, mathematics mainly uses reasoning and logic