3G Architecture Handout New

1 NOKIA Kittipong Thamapa
3G/UMTS
3G/UMTS
Network Architecture
Network Architecture
Module topics
Introduction to 3G/UMTS architecture
3G mobile terminals
Radio access network (RAN)
3G core network (CN)
3G/UMTS network management solutions (OSS)
3G architecure for Rel4 & 5
Review questions
Objectives
After completing this module the student will be able to:
Identify and list the network subsystems of Release 3 and
explain the main motives for moving to IP architecture
Identify and list the requirements of 3G/UMTS mobile terminals
List and identify the NEs used within the RAN/CN, in terms of
the name and function
Identify the main functions of RNC (RRM)
Identify the main differences between Rel 3 and Rel 4/5
Release 3 ('99) architecture
Fiber
Fiber
AXC
ATM Access
RAN RAN Mobility Core Mobility Core
2G
SGSN GGSN
Application Platforms Application Platforms
Internet Gateway
Multimedia Messaging
e-mail
Game platform
Charging/
Billing
Center
Nokia
Charging
Gateway
BSC
HLR
NMS
Internet
PSTN
GSM
BTS
Triple
Mode
BTS
WCDMA BTS
TDM Access
3G
MSC
RNC
3G
SGSN
Release 4 architecture
Fiber
Fiber
AXC
ATM Access
RAN RAN Mobility Core Mobility Core
2G
SGSN
3G
SGSN GGSN
Application Platforms Application Platforms
Internet Gateway
Multimedia Messaging
e-mail
Game platform
Charging/
Billing
Center
Nokia
Charging
Gateway
RNC
BSC
HLR
NMS
Internet
PSTN
GSM BTS
Triple
Mode
BTS
WCDMA BTS
TDM Access
IP/ATM
Network
MGW
MGW
MSS
No traffic pass MSS
IP/MPLS Backbone
IP Connectivity layer
.
Nokia All-IP network (Rel 5)
Signalling & data transfer interface
Signalling interface
IPv6 Mobility
Core
SGSN
Router
Control
Plane
IP-RAN
CRRM
Server
Radio Access
Server
Application
Servers
Nokia
GGSN
RAN
GW
SGSN
Server HSS
mPlatform
service
enabling layer
IP Multimedia & Messaging
CPS
User &
GW Plane
Messaging
Servers
Multiradio RAN
OSS &
Policy
Service
Creation
Environment
Broad
band
GW
Nokia
Media
GW
Internet
Internet
PSTN
PSTN
xDSL
WLAN
xDSL
WLAN
GSM/EDGE
TDMA/EDGE
WCDMA
1XEV-DV
WLAN
GSM/EDGE
TDMA/EDGE
WCDMA
1XEV-DV
WLAN
Nokia hardware platform
IPA2800
Nokia IP
DX200
HP/SUN
Packet Switch
RNC & MGW
Circuit Switch
Nokia's interface to the platform
NEMU - Network Element Management Unit
BTS Tools
NetAct
Nokia Online Services
Future NED
NEMU Interface Main Window
NEMU is computer server to provide graphical interface instead
of MML command. Sometime consider as mini NMS in NE
You can access NEMU by using Application Launcher program
from your PC to NEMU server.
All WCDMA Cells under RNC in single view
RNW Online Presentation -Presentation
Window (Playback)
Presentation Windows
What are the 3G mobiles going to look like?
Classic terminal (GSM or WCDMA)
Dual mode (GSM and WCDMA, Inter System HO)
Multimedia terminal (Cellular + PDA)
Telematics (Integrate with other equipment)
Telemetric Controlling and adjustment
Adjust the
temperature
to +20c
Control service
10
0
20
30
10
0
20
30
10
0
20
30
10
0
20
30
Controlling the cooling and heating
Remote message to the oil company
Telemetric Industrial applications
I want to
get a bucket
of driving range
balls
Golf Golf Golf Golf
Info to caddy master.
Refill needed!
Cut machine's down time by getting
preventive service info in advance
Account and vending machines status checked over the air
Payment via GSM
Increased customer
satisfaction
Terminal evolution & wireless protocols
UMTS / Universal SIM
Own processor and memory
Two types of data:
Specified data
Subscriber dependent
Featuring:
Two name fields per entry
Multiple phone numbers per entry
Support of e-mail address
User definable groupings
Call details
USIM security
Radio Access Network
NMS
TCSM
RAN
RAN
Mobility Core
BSC
MSC
MGW
2G
SGSN
3G
SGSN
RNC
RNC
A
Iu-PS
Gb
Iu-CS
Abis
Iub
Iur
GSM
BTS
Triple
Mode
BTS
WCDMA
BTS
IPBB
WCDMA
BTS
MSC
UTRAN architecture
Mobility Core
UTRAN
UTRAN
MSC
MGW
3G
SGSN
RNC
RNC
Iu-CS
Iu-PS
Iur
Iu-CS
Iub
Iub
Iur
RNC
Iu-PS
WCDMA BTS
WCDMA BTS
WCDMA BTS
WCDMA BTS
RNS
RNS = Radio Network Subsystem
Nokia WCDMA base station solution
Base station sites:
Macrocell sites
Microcell sites
Picocell sites
What is the difference between
site, cell and sector?
A site is a physical cabinet
with carriers/TRXs.
A site may have one or more
cells.
Cells that belong to a site
with more than one cell are
usually referred to as a
sector.
WCDMA
- 1 carrier
= 5MHz
GSM
- 1 TRX ~ 7 traffic channels
Different frequencies
Carrier = TRx = Cell = 5 MHz = Operator
1+1+1 in WCDMA means 3 cells with 1 Carrier
Nokia WCDMA UltraSite solution
Nokia UltraSite
WCDMA BTS
Optima Compact
Outdoor
Nokia UltraSite
WCDMA BTS
Supreme
Indoor Outdoor
12 TRx
6 TRx 6 TRx
Indoor
Nokia UltraSite
WCDMA BTS
Optima
Outdoor
Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS
S
S
upreme
upreme
Supports 6-sector solution
Up to 12 WCDMA carriers
chaining of 4 cabinets supported
suitable for operators with 15 Mhz band
1 cabinet supports up to 4+4+4 with
20 W configuration
O:1940 x 770 x 790mm
(H x W x D)
-33C ... +50 C, IP55
I:1800 x 600 x 600 mm
(H x W x D)
-5C ... +50 C, IP20
Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS
O
O
ptima
ptima
Configurations (20W) Rel.1&2
1+1+1 sectored
Configurations (10W) Rel.2
2+2+2 sectored
With chaining of 2 cabinets
2+2+2+2+2+2 and 4+4+4 supported
Indoor :1100 x 600 x 600 mm (h x w x d)
-5C ... +50 C, IP20
Outdoor:1940 x 770 x 790 mm
(h x w x d)
-33C ... +50 C, IP55
WCDMA
part
WCDMA configuration:
1+1+1. 5W
2+2+2. 2W
BTS capacity: max. 10 Mbits/s per cabinet
Other features:
Either 12 GSM/EDGE transceivers or
6 GSM/EDGE and 3 WCDMA carriers
(6 in Release 2)
Nokia WCDMA Tri-mode
UltraSite
GSM+EDGE
part
Nokia MetroSite WCDMA BTS
Siteless WCDMA BTS appropritate for many
different applications:
Cost-effective road side coverage
In-fill coverage
Indoor services
Targeted coverage and capacity for hot-spots
Multi-layer networks
All-in-one solution
2-carrier WCDMA BTS
Common cabinet for indoor and outdoor
installation
Similar RX sensitity as in Nokia UltraSite
WCDMA BTS.
Nokia MetroSite solution
Co-locating GSM
& WCDMA BTS
Nokia FlexiHopper Microwave Radio
(13 38 GHz) 16 E1
Nokia UltraHopper (18-26 GHz) STM-1
Nokia MetroSite EDGE
Base Station
900/1800 MHz GSM,
EDGE networks
Nokia MetroSite
WCDMA Base Station
2 GHz WCDMA
networks
Nokia MetroHopper Radio (58 GHz)
GSM/WCDMA solution
Co-located sites
Site support
Site support units can
contain batteries in case
of main failure,
transmission equipment,
and more.
3rd party transmission
Batteries
Which solution to use?
Student Exercise:
Imagine that you had to build a site. Which of the following would you
take into account when selecting the BTS?
a) Which is the easiest and cost-effective way to add the site to
the network?
b) How many sites will cover the area?
c) The expected number of subscribers in the area?
d) The amount of power that the site will transmit on?
e) Where the BTS will be positioned; will people see it or shall only the
antenna be visible?
f) The amount of space available for the site?
g) The expected capacity that the site should carry?
Transmission
Sites are connected
together in different
ways to
optimise cost
optimise cost,
whilst assuring the
best quality
best quality and
redundancy
redundancy.
The links can be wire,
optical or radio
microwave links.
RNC
IU
IUr
BSC
MSC
A
AXU
Multiplexer eg MetroHub
3G BTS
2G BTS
ATM cross
connect unit
AXU in WBTS called AXC
Transmission Topology
BTS
RNC
BTS
RNC
BTS BTS
Point-to-point connection
Chain connection
BTS
RNC
BTS
BTS
BTS
Tree connection
BTS
RNC
BTS
BTS
Loop connection
What do the BTS sites look like?
BTS sites can be found in many
different places and in different forms.
The sites are connected together in
different ways.
X-pol. antennas
Site support Base Station
FlexiHopper
UltraHoppers
MetroHoppers
Radio Network Controller (RNC)
IPA2800
Radio network supervision
Radio Resource Management
(RRM has 6 main functions)
Mobility management
Support open interfaces Iu & Iur
Flexible and modular platform
in Nokia's version
Height 1.8m
Width 0.6m
Depth 0.6m
RNC architecture
DMCU
GTPU
TCP/IP
NEMU
OMU
RSMU
RRMU
ICSU
SFU
MXU
A2SU
NIU
NIU
TBU
Switching and multiplexing units
-SFU, MXU and A2SU
Network Interface
- NIU (NIP E1, NIS STM-1)
Signal processing unit
-DMCU
Management and control
computer units
-OMU, ICSU, RRMU, RSMU,
GTPU, DMCU and NEMU
Nokia RNC Rack 1
Nokia RNC Rack 2
Nokia RNC and MGW
RNC 1.5 Capacity Steps
1 2
3
4
5
E1s according to capacity steps
Config.
Iub Mbit/s
BTS
Carriers STM-1 E1
1
48 128
384 4*4 64
2
85 192
576 4*4 96
3
122 256
768 4*4 128
4
159 320
960 4*4 160
5
196 384
1152 4*4 192
Iub traffic capacity Interfaces
Max. capacity in different configurations
Release1, Phase1.5 & Release 2
196 Mbit/s
1 NIP card can control 16 E1
1 NIS card can control 4 STM-1
Operator IP network
Packet core
Iu-PS
HLR
GGSN
CG
BG
DNS
Firewall
Mobility Core
Mobility Core
2G
SGSN
RAN
2G
MSC
RNC
3G
SGSN
MGW
BSC
Iu-CS
A
Gb
NMS
PSTN
PSTN
PSTN
Internet
Handover in UTRAN
Ciphering in RNC
Core network in Release 3
Mobile Switching Centre
Only SW upgraded
needed M11
MGW
MSC
MSCi architecture
OMU
TGFP
CDSU GSW
BSS
NSS
X.25 or
LAN to
OMC and
SMS
PSTN
VLRU
CM CMU CCMU STU
CHU
ET
ECET
CLS
PABX
ECET
ET
VDU
and
LPT
VDU
and
LPT
PAU BSU MFSU BDCU M
LAN LAN
CASU
CCSU
MB
LAN
EXT. SYNC.
VANG
IP Bypassing in a nutshell (optional topic)
voice &
signalling
Data/fax -,
handover- and
emergency calls
PSTN
MSC
MSC
MSC Operator's
IP network
voice &
signalling
IPET
IPET
IPET
Cost savings
All application in same network
IP Bypassing - Hardware (optional topic)
TGSU
CCSU
MSC
GSW
CCM STU
CMM
OMU
IPET
IP IPET
MSC
GSW
ET
ET
Routers Routers
LAN SWITCHES
LAN SWITCHES
TDM
ET ET
Voice + signalling
Data/fax, HO and emergency calls
BSU
TGSU
MB
ET Exchange Terminal
IPET Internet Protocol Exchange Terminal
TGSU Trunk Gateway Signalling Unit
MGW for MSC
Main
Main
functions
functions
of MGW:
of MGW:
ATM/TDM conversion
Iu/A signalling conversion between narrowband
and broadband CCS7
Transcoding
1 MGW can control 8 RNCs
Iu-CS
PSTN/
Transit
network
TDM
Nokia 3G MSC
DX 200 MSC
STM-1
MGW
RNC
RNC
ATM
PCM
Block diagram of the MGW for 3G-MSC
Nokia 3G MSC & MGW - Summary
Media Gateway:
5120 transcoding channels
8 RNCs
IPA 2800 platform
Iu-CS interface
MSCi:
Simultaneous support for UMTS (A') and
GSM (A) traffic
600 000 BHCA
16 700 Erlangs
600 000 subscribers +
200 000 telemetric subscriber
100% IN/SCE traffic support
Iu-CS
PSTN/
Transit
network
TDM
Nokia 3G MSC
DX 200 MSC
STM-1
MGW
RNC
RNC
ATM
PCM
Nokia HLRi capacities
1 200 000 subscribers + 400 000 telemetric subscribers
AuC capacity 2.4 million subscribers
EIR with:
4 million entries in the black list (up to 1 000 IMEIs/entry)
4 million entries in the grey list (up to 1 000 IMEIs/entry)
200 000 entries in the white list (up to 1 000 000 IMEIs/entry)
Mobile Number Portability Solution (SRRi)
The
Service Routing
Service Routing
Register
Register is to remove
excess signalling and
complex databases
and routing, by
managing the address
of each subscriber.
SRRi
Database
HLR HLR
MSC SGSN
MSISDN1 - rerouting info
MSISDN2 - rerouting info
.
.
1
Other
networks
In some countries,
the law states that
subscribers must be
able to
keep their
keep their
number
number if they
change the operator.
Packet switched core network overview
Router
SGSN
BG
Legal
Interception
Gateway
Domain
Name
Server
Border
Gateway
Serving GPRS
Support Node
CG
GGSN
Firewall
Gateway
GPRS
Support Node
Local
Area NW
Server
Charging
Gateway
Corporate
DNS
2G & 3G
GPRS Backbone GPRS Backbone
IP Network IP Network
Internet Internet
GSM BSS or GSM BSS or
3G RAN 3G RAN
Inter Inter- -PLMN PLMN
Network Network
Intranet Intranet
3G SGSN packet processing is
the major task
a high capacity routing platform
2G SGSN mobility, ciphering and
compression are major tasks
Routing platform not the
optimum solution.
Packet
proces-
sing
Packet
proces-
sing
Ciph-
ering
Com-
pression
radio specific
protocols
GPRS
UMTS
Protocol
conver-
sions
MM
= Mobility
Management
IP
Comparison of SGSN workload 2G - 3G
MM
IP
IP
3G-SGSN & GGSN
The 3G-SGSN & GGSN are built on the IP Platform
(2G-SGSN uses the Nokia DX200 Platform).
In UMTS some of the
functionality needed in the
2G-SGSN is now included as
functions in the RNC.
System structure of Nokia 3G-SGSN
Iu
Gn
Internal maintenance bus
Gr, Gf, Gd
E1/T1
SMM Unit
Mobility Management
Session Management
Signalling
ATM
STM-1
100 BaseTx
1000 BaseT
Forwarding
Unit
Central Route
Processor Unit
O&M
Routing
Tunnelling
Unit
E1/T1
SS7
Unit
ATM
STM-1
Power supplies
Cooling fans
Cable guides
Processor units
on
2 trays
1
1
9
3
4
4
3
4
3
4
Capacity
Max number of subscribers: 300 000
Throughput and number of connections:
900 Mbps and 200 000 PDP contexts OR
600 Mbps and 600 000 PDP contexts
(512 byte packet size)
Connection attempts: 600 PDP procedures per second
300 000 SMS messages per hour
Other packet core network elements
GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)
Nokia version based on IP650 or IP740 routers
Release 2, IP650: 150 000 PDP contexts
100 Mbps (1400 byte packets)
Release 2, IP740: 1 million PDP contexts
400 Mbps (1400 byte packets)
Both can interact with 2G-SGSN and 3G-SGSN
BG (Border Gateway)
Router to Inter-PLMN data network
DNS (Domain Name Server)
Access point name IP address of correct GGSN
CG (Charging Gateway)
LIG (Legal/Lawful Interception Gateway)
Nokia NetAct Solution
Business
Management
Systems
Service
Management
Systems
Network
Management
Systems
Element
Management
Systems
Functions of Service management systems:
Take care of subcriber data
Provision services and subscribers
Collect and rate, bill offered services
Create, promote and monitor services
Network management system (NMS): NetAct
Collect information from the underlying networks
and pre/post-process the raw data
Analyse and distribute information
Optimise network capacity and quality
Element management systems (EM):
EMs are part of the NE (RNC, BTS, AXC,etc.)
functionality
Monitor the functioning of the equipment
Collect raw data (performance indicators)
Local GUI provided for site engineers
Mediate towards the NMS system
MIS
Planning
System
BTS
BTS
AXC
RNC
NE x
NE y
CCB
NE = network element, CCB = customer care and
billing, MIS = management information system
NMS
Migration from NMS to OSS
Example of Product Migration
Radio Network
Management
features in
Configurator
Functionality
Modules
Reporter
Administrator
3rd party tools
Rating & Charging
Unified Mediation
and Adaptation
Service Level
Manager
Monitor
Configurator
Planner
Radio Network
Management
features in
Configurator
Functionality
Modules
Workflow Manager
Network
SW/HW/Time
mgmt
features
Administrator
Functionality
Modules
SW/HW/Time
mgmt
features
Administrator
Functionality
Modules
PlanEditor
Nokia network management tools
Ueno 1-1 Shinj uku 1 Shinj uku 2 Otemachi 1
RNC RNC RNC RNC RNC
Ikebukur o 1-1
Tokyo ar ea- north
Megur o 1-1 Tokyo 2-1 Shibya 1- 1 Tokyo 1-1
RNC RNC RNC RNC RNC
Shibya 2- 1
Tokyo ar ea- south
NMS
termi nal
print er
Power
Vent.
RNC sit e17
Mar unouchi bldg
7F
Mar unouchi 1-2-3
Chioda-ku
site manager :
Sato Akiyoshi
tel: 090 4002 8196
NMS site
BTS Local
Management Tool
BTS site
Network architecture of Rel 4 and 5
Two main parts: IP-RAN and IP-core evolution
Target of 3G is All-IP core network
Most of this chapter is provided for self study for the interested
student.
Implementation of Rel4 starts already around 2002-2003, but
most of the implementations can be anticipated in live
networks starting from approximately the year 2005.
Detail of REL 4 and REL 5 are in
CORESYS course
Core network evolution
MSC
Server
Core
MSC MSC
Server Server
Core
Core
Separate CS
and PS domains
GSM GSM
3GPP 3GPP
R Rel3 el3
Core Core
3GPP 3GPP
Core Core
CS and PS using the
same backbone for transport
Only PS for all
types of applications
R Rel5 el5
Integrated MSS or Standalone MSS ??
Packet
Core NW
PSTN/ISDN
GSM
BSC BSC
RNC RNC
WCDMA
IN/SCE APSE
HLR/
HSS
MGW MGW MGW
TDM
Network
VMSS
Integrated
GCS
Integrated
H.248 H.248
REL 4
Integrated MSS or Standalone MSS ??
Packet
Core NW
PSTN/ISDN
GSM
BSC
BSC
RNC RNC
WCDMA
IN/SCE APSE
HLR/
HSS
MGW
MGW
MGW
VMSS
Standalone
GCS
Standalone
H.248 H.248
REL 4
IP-RAN
Radio Access
Server
Common
Radio Resource
Management
EDGE BTS
WCDMA BTS
Triple
Mode
BTS
RAN GW
REL 5
IP RAN
IP Core / IP Telephony
Nokia
GGSN
Internet
WCDMA
Nokia
MGW
Gateway plane
Control plane
Nokia
MGW
Nokia
HSS
Nokia
SGSN
Nokia
3G
SGSN
IP
ATM
Nokia
MSC/
MSS
Gb
Iu-
CS
Iu-PS
Gn
A
Nb
Nokia
CPS
Gi
Nokia
MSC
Server
EDGE
WCDMA
PSTN
Internet
REL 5

3G Architecture Handout New

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