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Heat Exchanger
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heat exchanger [ht ikschnjr]
(engineering)
Any device, such as an automobile radiator, that transfers heat from one
fluid to another or to the environment. Also known as exchanger.
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc.
Heat exchanger
A device used to transfer heat from a fluid flowing on one side of a barrier to
another fluid (or fluids) flowing on the other side of the barrier.
When used to accomplish simultaneous heat transfer and mass transfer, heat
exchangers become special equipment types, often known by other names.
When fired directly by a combustion process, they become furnaces, boilers,
heaters, tube-still heaters, and engines. If there is a change in phase in one of
the flowing fluidscondensation of steam to water, for examplethe
equipment may be called a chiller, evaporator, sublimator, distillation-column
reboiler, still, condenser, or cooler-condenser.
Heat exchangers may be so designed that chemical reactions or energy-
generation processes can be carried out within them. The exchanger then
becomes an integral part of the reaction system and may be known, for
example, as a nuclear reactor, catalytic reactor, or polymerizer.
Heat exchangers are normally used only for the transfer and useful elimination
or recovery of heat without an accompanying phase change. The fluids on
either side of the barrier are usually liquids, but they may also be gases such
as steam, air, or hydrocarbon vapors; or they may be liquid metals such as
sodium or mercury. Fused salts are also used as heat-exchanger fluids in
some applications.
Most often the barrier between the fluids is a metal wall such as that of a tube
or pipe. However, it can be fabricated from flat metal plate or from graphite,
plastic, or other corrosion-resistant materials of construction.
Heat exchangers find wide application in the chemical process industries,
including petroleum refining and petrochemical processing; in the food industry,
for example, for pasteurization of milk and canning of processed foods; in the
generation of steam for production of power and electricity; in nuclear reaction
systems; in aircraft and space vehicles; and in the field of cryogenics for the
low-temperature separation of gases. Heat exchangers are the workhorses of
the entire field of heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration. See
Conduction (heat), Convection (heat), Cooling tower, Evaporator, Heat
transfer, Vapor condenser
McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Engineering. 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
heat exchanger
A device designed to transfer heat between two physically separated
fluids; generally consists of a cylindrical shell with longitudinal tubes; one
fluid flows on the inside, the other on the outside.
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. Copyright 2003 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Warning! The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia
(1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.
Heat Exchanger
a device in which heat is transferred from one to another fluid (or fluids) or
between a fluid and the surface of a solid. The process of heat transfer from
one fluid to another is one of the most important and most widely used
processes in technology. For example, the production of steam in boiler units is
based on the transfer of heat from the products of the combustion of organic
fuel to water.
According to the operating principle used, heat exchangers are divided into
three types: recuperative, regenerative, and direct-contact. There also exist
heat exchangers in which a fluid is heated (or cooled) by an internal source of
heat (or cold).
In recuperative heat exchangers, two flowing fluids at different temperatures
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A combination heat exchanger and static mixer
from Fluitec Georg AG in Neftenbach,
Switzerland, is being used to replace the second
cooling extruder in tandem extrusion of PS foam.
Heat exchanger replaces tandem foam
extruder by Plastics Technology
SDK; TSE: 4004)) has announced the adoption
of its automotive heat exchangers in Honda
Motor Co.
Showa Denko K.K. (SDK) Heat Exchangers
Adopted in Honda's New Civic ... by JCN
Newswires
Plateflow heat exchangers are said to provide
more heat transfer in less space.
Heat exchangers by Rubber World
More results
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are separated by a solid wall. Heat transfer occurs through convection in the
fluids, through conduction in the wall (seeCONVECTIVE HEAT EXCHANGE), and
through radiative transfer if at least one of the fluids is a radiating gas.
Examples of recuperative heat exchangers include steam generators,
preheaters, and evaporators. Some designs of recuperative exchangers are
shown in Figure 1.
In regenerative heat exchangers, the same heating surface is alternately
exposed to the hot and the cold fluidthat is, the surface first receives heat
and is heated and then gives up heat and is cooled. A typical example of a
regenerator is the hot-blast stove in a blast furnace.
Since the heat transfer in recuperative and regenerative heat exchangers
occurs at the surface of a solid, they are called surface heat exchangers. In
direct-contact, or contact, heat exchangers, the transfer of heat occurs with
the fluids in direct contact. Cooling towers, in which water is cooled by
atmospheric air, are heat exchangers of this type.
Heat exchangers with an internal source of heat or cold involve the use of just
one fluid. Nuclear reactors and electric heaters are heat exchangers of this
type.
The calculation of the thermal quantities characterizing a heat exchanger
reduces to the simultaneous solution of the heat-balance and heat-transfer
equations. A distinction is made between design calculations, which are
necessary to determine the heat-transfer surface area and are carried out in
the design of new heat exchangers, and check calculations, which are carried
out to determine the quantity of heat transferred and the final temperatures of
the fluids for a known heat-transfer surface area.
Heat exchangers are used extensively in thermal power engineering. Examples
are air preheaters, superheaters, economizers, and condensers. Other areas
where heat exchangers are used include the chemical and food industries.
REFERENCES
Kichigin, M. A., and G. N. Kostenko. Teploobmennye apparaty i vyparnye
ustanovki. Moscow-Leningrad, 1955.
Kays, W. M., and A. L. London. Kompaktnye teploobmenniki, 2nd ed.
Moscow, 1967. (Translated from English.)
Kasatkin, A. G. Osnovnye protsessy i apparaty khimicheskoi tekhnologii, 9th
ed. Moscow, 1973.
I. N. ROZENGAUZ
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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A combination heat exchanger and static
mixer from Fluitec Georg AG in Neftenbach,
Switzerland, is being used to replace the
second cooling extruder in tandem extrusion of
PS foam.
Heat exchanger replaces tandem foam
extruder by Plastics Technology
SDK; TSE: 4004)) has announced the adoption
of its automotive heat exchangers in Honda
Motor Co.
Showa Denko K.K. (SDK) Heat Exchangers
Adopted in Honda's New Civic ... by JCN
Newswires
Plateflow heat exchangers are said to provide
more heat transfer in less space.
Heat exchangers by Rubber World
More results

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