Running head: CARDIOVASCULAR, SKELETAL, AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS 1
Cardiovascular, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems
Abigail Woodall Wellness August 29, 2014 Coach Taylor CARDIOVASCULAR, SKELETAL, AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS 2
Circulatory, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems The Circulatory System 1. List the functions of the human circulatory system. a) The circulatory system transports oxygen from the lungs to muscles and tissues throughout the body (Busse). b) The circulatory system also transports nutrients throughout the body (Busse) c) The circulatory system removes poisons and toxins from the body before they reach harmful levels when it flows through the kidneys (Busse) d) The circulatory system uses white blood cells to protect a person from diseases (Busse) e) The circulatory system helps transport hormones (Busse) f) The circulatory helps cool people down and warm people up (Busse) 2. Trace a drop of blood through the heart from right atrium to the aorta. a) Blood that has lost its O2 has been replaced with CO2 and enters in through the Vena Cava into the Right Atrium of the heart. b) The Right Atrium pumps the blood through the Tricuspid Valve into the Right Ventricle c) The Right Ventricle pumps blood through the Pulmonary Artery into the lungs. d) In the lungs, the capillaries replace the CO2 with O2. e) The oxygenated blood goes through the Pulmonary Vein into the Left Atrium f) The Left Atrium pumps blood through the Mitral Valve into the Left Ventricle CARDIOVASCULAR, SKELETAL, AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS 3
g) The Left Ventricle pumps really hard and send the blood through the Aortic Arch to the rest of the body. h) The cycle repeats.
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The Skeletal System Identify all bones of the skeletal system 1. Axial Skeleton (80 bones total) a. Skull: 28 bones i. Nasal - nose ii. Lacrimal iii. Inferior Nasal Concha iv. Maxillary CARDIOVASCULAR, SKELETAL, AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS 7
v. Zygomatic cheek bones vi. Temporal - temples vii. Palatine viii. Parietal - crown ix. Malleus x. Incus xi. Stapes xii. Frontal - forehead xiii. Ethmoid xiv. Vomer xv. Sphenoid xvi. Mandible Jaw bone xvii. Occipital back of the head b. Torso (52 bones) i. Rib 1-Rib7 ii. False Rib 8 Rib 10 do not connect to sternum iii. Floating Rib 11 & Rib 12 do not connect to sternum or to another rib iv. Hyoid v. Sternum - breastbone vi. Cervical Vertebrae 1 or atlas (Vertebrae backbone) vii. C2 axis, - C7 viii. Thorasic Vertebrae 1 CARDIOVASCULAR, SKELETAL, AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS 8
ix. T2-T12 x. Lumbar Vertebrae 1 xi. L2-L5 xii. Sacrum xiii. Coccyx Tail Bone 2. Appendicular Skeleton (126 bones total) a. Upper Extremity (32 bones but these are in sets, so its really 64) i. Scapula shoulder blade ii. Clavicle - Collar bone iii. Humerus - Funny bone iv. Radius - The smaller part of the forearm v. Ulna - The bigger part of the forearm vi. Scaphoid vii. Lunate viii. Traquetrum ix. Pisiform x. Hamate xi. Capitate xii. Trapezoid xiii. Trapezium xiv. Metacarpal 1 (Metacarpals palm bones) xv. Proximal Phalange 1 (Phalange fingers) xvi. Distal Phalange 1 CARDIOVASCULAR, SKELETAL, AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS 9
xvii. Metacarpal 2 xviii. Proximal Phalange 2 xix. Middle Phalange 2 xx. Distal Phalange 2 xxi. Metacarpal 3 xxii. Proximal Phalange 3 xxiii. Middle Phalange xxiv. Distal Phalange 3 xxv. Metacarpal 4 xxvi. Proximal Phalange 4 xxvii. Middle Phalange 4 xxviii. Distal Phalange 4 xxix. Metacarpal 5 xxx. Proximal Phalange 5 xxxi. Middle Phalange 5 xxxii. Distal Phalange 5 b. Lower Extremity (31 bones, but these come in a set. So, its really 62 bones total) i. Hip Ilium, Ischium, Pubis ii. Femur Thigh bone iii. Patella - Kneecap iv. Tibia Shin Bone v. Fibula Splinter bone vi. Talus - ankle CARDIOVASCULAR, SKELETAL, AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS 10
vii. Calcaneus - heal viii. Navicular ix. Medial Cuneiform x. Middle Cuneiform xi. Lateral cuneiform xii. Cuboid xiii. Metatarsal 1 (Metatarsal toes) xiv. Proximal Phalange 1 xv. Distal Phalange 1 xvi. Metatarsal 2 xvii. Proximal Phalange 2 xviii. Middle Phalange 2 xix. Distal Phalange 2 xx. Metatarsal 3 xxi. Proximal Phalange 3 xxii. Middle Phalange 3 xxiii. Distal Phalange 3 xxiv. Metatarsal 4 xxv. Proximal Phalange 4 xxvi. Middle Phalange 4 xxvii. Distal Phalange 4 xxviii. Metatarsal 5 xxix. Proximal Phalange 5 CARDIOVASCULAR, SKELETAL, AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS 11
xxx. Middle Phalange 5 xxxi. Distal Phalange 5 The names, categories and workbook pages for these bones were retrieved from Seeleys Anatomy and Physiology, Ninth Edition (Seeley, VanPutte, Regan, & Russo 201-202). The common names were retrieved from Hillendale Healths website on bone names (Hillendale).
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The Muscular System Muscles help us do normal daily activities like walking and opening or closing doors. Each muscle is an individual organ made up of muscle tissue, nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue (HASPI). There are 650 muscles that are attached to the human skeleton (HASPI). The following diagrams list just a few of our more visible muscle groups. Muscles get tired. When muscles can no longer contract, this is called fatigue (HASPI). For example, lets say you do two minutes of squats, then rest for 15 seconds and repeat this several times. Around the third set, your quadriceps, hamstrings, and gluteus muscles will experience fatigue. Some signs of fatigue are shaking and soreness (HASPI).
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Citations Busse, M., 5 Major Functions of the Cardiovascular System. Healthy Heart Information. LiveStrong. < http://www.livestrong.com/article/164894-5-major-functions-of-the- cardiovascular-system/ 3 July 2010 Health and Science Pipeline Initiative. The Muscular System. Curriculum: Anatomy and Physiology. < http://haspi.org/curriculum-anatomy-physiology.html 3 August, 2014 Hillendale Health. Skeletal System. Names of Bones. Health Curriculum at Hillendale. <http://hes.ucfsd.org/gclaypo/skelweb/skel03.html. 2014. Seeley, R., VanPutte, C., Regan, J., & Russo, A. Cardiovascular System: Gross Anatomy. Seeleys Anatomy and Physiology. 9 th ed. McGraw-Hill Company, 2011. Print. Seeley, R., VanPutte, C., Regan, J., & Russo, A. Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy. Seeleys Anatomy and Physiology. 9 th ed. McGraw-Hill Company, 2011. Print.