Department of Electrical Engineering

EE 703: Digital Message Transmission (Autumn 2014)

Course Instructor: Prof. Abhay Karandikar
Problem Set 3
1. One of the two signals s
0
= 1 and s
1
= +1 is transmitted over the channel as shown
in Figure 1. The two noise random variables n
1
and n
2
are statistically independent
of each other and are independent of the signals. Their density functions are f
N
1
(n) =
f
N
2
(n) =
1
2
e
|n|
.
(a) Determine the optimum decision regions and sketch them.
(b) Determine an expression for the probability of error.
n
2
S
n
1
r
1
r
2
Figure 1:
2. Consider the vector signal constellation from the Figure 2. Assume all signals to be
equally likely and the signal vector is disturbed by zero mean Gaussian random vector
with independent elements each with unit variance.
(a) Determine the boundaries of the decision region.
(b) Determine the probability of error.
1
S
1
S
3
S
5
S
2
S
0
d
2
d
2
S
4
d
Figure 2:
3. Let 8 orthogonal signal vectors be placed on the vertices of a 3 dimensional hypercube.
Assume the noise to be a zero mean Gaussian random vector with independent elements
each with unit variance. Determine an expression for the probability of error.
4. The random noise n is Gaussian with zero mean. If one of the two equally likely
messages is transmitted with s
0
= s
1
= 2, an optimum reciever yields P
e
= 0.001,
then
(a) Compute the variance
2
of n.
(b) Consider the following decision rule
If r >
d
2
then decide s
0
,
If r <
d
2
then decide s
1
,
If |r| <
d
2
then decide erasure.
Erasure is used to avoid a decision when the reciever thinks that it might
constitute an error. Compute d such that erasure probability is 10
4
.
5. Consider binary communication to a reciever with k antennas. The transmitted signal
is a. The recieved signal at the output of antenna k is given by
r
k
= g
k
s + n
k
, 1 k K
where g
k
is the gain of antenna k, s = a and n
k
is zero mean Gaussian noise with
variance
2
at antenna k.
(a) Let r =

K
k=1

k
r
k
,where
k
is an arbitrary real number. What is the optimum
reciever given r?
2
(b) If detection is done seperately on r
k
rather than doing on r , then is it possible to
achieve lower probability of error?
(c) Minimize the probability of error as desired in (a) over all choices of (
1

2
..
K
).
3