Unsinkable Ship

Naval architects never claim that a ship is unsinkable, but the sinking of the passenger-and-car ferry
Estonia in the Baltic surely should never have happened. It was well designed and carefully
maintained. It carried the proper number of lifeboats. It had been thoroughly inspected the day of its
fatal voyage. Yet hours later, the Estonia rolled over and sank in a cold, stormy night. It went down
so uickly that most of those on board, caught in their dark, flooding cabins, had no chance to save
themselves! "f those who managed to scramble overboard, only #$% survived. &he rest died of
hypothermia before the rescuers could pluck them from the cold sea. &he final death toll amounted
to %#' souls. (owever, there were an unpleasant number of uestions about why the Estonia sank
and why so many survivors were men in the prime of life, while most of the dead were women,
children and the elderly.
1. One can understand from the reading that ----.
)* the lifesaving euipment did not work well and lifeboats could not be lowered
B* design faults and incompetent crew contributed to the sinking of the Estonia ferry
+* #$% people managed to leave the vessel but died in free,ing water
-* naval architects claimed that the Estonia was unsinkable
E* most victims were trapped inside the boat as they were in their cabins
2. It is clear from the passage that the survivors of the accident ----.
)* helped one another to overcome the tragedy that had affected them all
B* were mostly young men but women, children and the elderly stood little chance
+* helped save hundreds of lives
-* are still suffering from severe post-traumatic stress disorder
E* told the investigators nothing about the accident
3. According to the passage !hen the "stonia sank ----.
)* there were only #$% passengers on board
B* few of the passengers were asleep
+* there were enough lifeboats for the number of people on board
-* faster reaction by the crew could have increased the Estonia.s chances of survival
E* all the passengers had already moved out into the open decks
#anuatu challenge $rench %av& arrest of 'hinese boat
on '/ -ecember '0#$
#anuatu(s )irector for $oreign Affairs sa&s *anak +eaders in %e! 'aledonia have offered to
approach $rench authorities on behalf of #anuatu over the illegal arrest of the 'hinese fishing
boat ,u -u .11 b& the $rench %av& on October 2/ this &ear.
&he +aptain of the fishing boat was prosecuted in Noumea and found guilty of trespassing and
fishing illegally in 1rench maritime waters and fined 2.2 million 34 dollars, and his catch and
fishing boat confiscated by the 1rench.
(owever Yvon Basil says his "ffice is going to ask the 5anak 6eaders to speak to the 1rench
authorities over the issue.
&he 7anuatu 8overnment insists that the +hinese fishing boat was fishing in 7anuatu waters when
it was illegally arrested by the 1rench Navy.
&he 9aritime Boundary +oordinator &ony &evi says the 1rench Navy acted on a new 1rench
boundary line which the 1rench authorities drew without the courtesy of discussing it with 7anuatu.
0uestions1
#* (ow many countries are mentioned in the article: ;hich ones:
'* ;hat does each country represent in the article:
$* ;hat happened on '0 "ctober '0#$:
/* ;hat crime did the captain of the fishing boat commit according to the 1rench authorities:
2* ;hy are the 1rench authorities accused of being disrespectful and impolite:
A2 $orm passive voice in appropriate tenses for the follo!ing e3ercise.
#.<&7 = invent = Baird*
'.<>yramids = build = Egyptians*
$.<milk = produce = cows*
/.<coffee = grow = in Bra,il*
2.<chopsticks = use = in +hina*
?.<plants = water = everyday*
@.<the robber = arrest = policeman = yesterday*
A.<inBured marines = take to a hospital = now*
%.<the truck = repair = tomorrow*
#0.<the letters = send = last week*
42 'omplete the e3ercise !ith be or get passive forms and the indicated verbs. Use (be( unless
(get( specified.
#. ;here CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC : <the missing child = find*
4he CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC<discover* walking barefoot along the beach.
'. (ow do you think the team is going to do this year: >retty well, eDcept that I.m sure they.ll
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC <get = beat* by+entral 3niversity.
$. ;hat happened to your car: It <CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC get = hit* by a
truck.
/. Eim, CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC <we = getting = overcharge* for siD months.
I think we ought to CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC<have = the company =
investigate* I.ve heard the same complaint from the neighbors.
2. ;hy are these floors so dirty: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
<they = not = clean* every day:
Normally, yes, but somehow the cleaning CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC<not = get = do*
this morning.
?. >lease don.t give food to the animals. &hey CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC <feed* on a special diet.
"5. ;ill we be able to see the animals CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC<getting = feed* while we.re
here at the ,oo:
Yes. CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC <they = will = feed* at five o.clock today.
A. 'omplete the follo!ing e3ercise !ith gerund or infinitive forms of the indicated verbs.
#. ;hat do you want CCCCCCCCCCCCC <do* tonight: I feel like CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC<go* to a movie.
'. It.s not so bad CCCCCCCCCCC<tell* a white lie, is it: I don.t think CCCCCCCCC<lie* is ever right.
$. It isn.t wrong CCCCCCCCCC<defend* yourself, is it: I think CCCCCCCCCCC<defend* yourself is the
right thing to do if you have a good reason.
/. ;hy did you end up CCCCCCCCCC <maBor* in forestry: I.ve always loved CCCCCCC<be* outdoors.
)nd I.ve always had trouble CCCCCCCC <do* desk Bobs.
4. 'omplete the follo!ing e3ercise !ith gerund or infinitive forms of the indicated verbs.
#. 4he decided CCCCCCCCC<move* in another city.
'. -oing eDersices is the best wayCCCCCCCC <practice* English grammar.
$. )licia enBoys CCCCCCCCCC <watch* soap operas on television.
/. 4he refuses CCCCCCCCC <listen* to her father.
2. 4tudents want CCCCCCCC <get* good grades.
?. 9any drivers avoid CCCCCCCCCC <drive* in traffic.
@. -o you feel like CCCCCCCCCCCC <eat* hamburger:
A. I can.t imagine CCCCCCCCCC<Bump* out of a flying Bet.
%. &he president wishes CCCCCCCCCC<end* the war.
#0. I would love CCCCCCCCC<see* that movie. I heard it.s really good.
##. 9rs. ".Neill is a really good teacher. 4he always offers CCCCCCCCC <help* her students.
Ital& Undertakes +onel& "3pensive 5ission 6o Aid 5igrants At Sea
#. (ow many unauthori,ed migrants travel each year to Italy:
'. ;here do they come from:
$. ;here is the top-security compound located:
/. ;hat happened in last "ctober:
2. (ow many people died:
?. ;hat did the Italian navy do:
@. &he operation is called 9are Nostrum. ;hat does that mean:
A. (ow large is the naval area operation:
%. ;hat kind of vesels do migrants use:
#0. ;hat tools do officers use to locate migrant ships:
##. ;hat boats do they use then to locate migrants:
#'. (ow many boats are used to conduct the search-and-rescue operation:
#$. ;hat happens to migrants once they are caught :
&housands of unauthori,ed migrants travel by boat each year to Italy. &heir Bourney from North
)frica across the 9editerranean can be perilous as 4ylvia >oggioli reports, there is a top-security
naval coumpound on the outskirts of Fome that Italy is using to tackle one of Europe.s maBor crises!
Feports of migrant boats in distress have become a near-daily news headline over the past year. 6ast
"ctober '0#$, twin shipwrecks killed more than $00 migrants. &hat prompted Italy to order its navy
to conduct search-and-rescue operations to save lives and capture smugglers.
&he operation is called 9are Nostrum, or G"ur 4ea,G the ancient Fomans. name for the
9editerranean. $0 miles out of Fome, seats Fear )dm. 9ichele 4aponaro, head of operations at
4anta Fosa naval command centre. (e points to a large screen with the naval area of operation!
nearly $0,000 suare miles. &he biggest migrant cloud comes from 6ibya, now gripped by
lawlessness, or Eritreans, 4yrians or 4ub 4aharian )fricans.
4mugglers, 4aponaro says, use any craft they can find.
G&hose leaving 6ibyan soil <use* dinghies, rubber boats,G he says. G&hose coming from the East
9ed, they use, normally, large fishing units.G
"fficers work at computers, collating data from coast guard radar, maritime agencies and other
governments.
+apt. Enrico Esposto, head of the naval operations division, says that once an unidentified blip
appears on the satellite screen, a software program detects the anomaly and sets off an alert to the
search-and-rescue groups deployed at sea.
G;e use an average of five ships.G says Esposto. G"ne big ship is a flagship, usually two frigates,
and two patrol boats.G
"nce located, migrants are transferred to the big ship. &hey.re given food and water and are
eDamined by doctors. &hose in need of emergency care are evacuated by helicopter to the closest
hospital. )ll are fingerprinted, and asked to identify the smugglers, who often pass themselves off
as asylum seekers.
)ccording to you, whay is it problematic that migrants use any craft they find:
6he $rench Ask1 Should 7e 4e 4uilding 7arships $or 8ussia9
#. ;ho is trying to punish Fussia:
'. ;hy:
$. ;hat backlash= repercussions can there be:
/. ;hat is the lucrative economic deal signed between 1rance and Fussia :
2. ;here are built the military vessels:
?. (ow much money does it represent for 1rance:
@. ;hen was the contract signed:
A. )ccording to Bruno 6e 9aire, what should 1rance do:
%. ;hy is it a sensitive issue and politicians prefer not to speak about it or give interviews
about it:
#0. ;hy can the 3k and 8ermany be blamed too, Bust like 1rance:
##. ;hat information do you have on those two ships :
&he 34 and the European 3nion are trying to punish Fussia. &hey want to be ceratin the Fussian
authorities pay the price for grabbing parts of 3kraine. But here is the problem! )merican and
European firms do business with Fussia so economic sanctions can rip the ;est as well. 1rance for
eDample is building two war ships for the Fussian Navy. 1rench president 1ranHois (ollande says
he wants to go through with that very lucrative deal though he is facing increasing pressure to call it
off. (ere is Eleanor Beardsley .s report from >aris. ) television reporter with Fussia today hails the
new 1rench Fussian military partnership, parts of the military vessel are being built in Fussia and
she was reporting from a 4aint >etersburg.s shipyard last Eune as the stern section of one the
warships was being launched before being sent to 1rance. &he #.? billion dollar deal is the biggest
sale to Fussia by a N)&" country ever. ;hen the contract was signed three years ago, 1rench
officials hailed it as a sign that 9oscow should be considered a partner, not an enemy. there were
critics among N)&" allies even then.
&oday, in light of Fussia.s actions in 3kraine, the warship sale is hugely controversial I even in
1rance.
>arliament member Bruno 6e 9aire spoke recently on 1rench radio! Gso we should suspend the
sale, the radio host says, G)bsolutely.G says 6e 9aire. GIt.s the only way to show 7ladimir >utin
we.re serious. >utin is playing on Europe.s divisions and hesitations.G
6e 9aire did not want to speak to N>F. Neither did several other politicians approached for
interviews.
GIt.s a sensitive issue, there.s a lot of money involved, possibly also Bobs at stake, so of course it.s a
sensitive issue.G &hat.s Etienne de -urand, a defense eDpert at the 1rench Institute for International
Felations.
-e -urand says the warships are an easy target for critics because they.re so visible. But there are
other European countries with more at stake in Fussia than 1rance, he says! like 8ermany and
Britain because of its financial centre in 6ondon. 8ermany because of the industrial and energy
linksJ but also the 35 because of all the Fussian money that is managed by the city.
&he ships surnamed the 7ladivostok and the 4evastopol , after the port and naval base in +rimea,
which Fussia Bust anneDed from 3kraine.
&hese helicopter assault ships can serve as hospitals or military command centers, with the capacity
to carry #? attack helicopters, /0 tanks and up to ?00 troops.
Infinitif :g;rondif
On utilise le g;rondif dans les cas suivants1
+e g;rondif est form; de la base verbale< -I%= . +e g;rondif peut >tre un nom verbal.
Standing on a branch of this tree ma& be dangerous.

6he beginning of this stor& !as ver& interesting.

Il peut >tre pr;c;d; de verbes temporels tels ?ue1 to begin to keep @on2 to go on to continue
to stop to finish... ?ui mar?uent le commencement la continuit; ou la fin d(une action .
)on(t stop holding the mob back from the prisoner or the& !ill l&nch him.
6hat child kept on asking them !hen the& !ould arrive.
Il peut >tre pr;c;d; de verbes d(appr;ciation @d(;valuation2 ou des verbes de r;fle3ion 1
6o avoid to consider to contemplate to dream @of:about2 to enAo& etc.
,e enAo&s diving in tropical seas.
+ook at those craB& horses I suggest running immediatel&C
I haven(t spent all da& pla&ing video games.
On trouve le g;rondif aprDs des pr;positions telles ?ue1
after at b& for instead of on !ith:!ithout...
et les (phrasal verbs( @verbes pr;positionnels2 tels ?ue1
to be reduced to to blame for to confess to to insist on to look for!ard to to obAect to to
prevent from...
)ans l(e3pression can(t help< #erbe-ing @(ne pas se forcer pour( (ne pas pouvoir s(emp>cher
de(21
I can(t help going over the e3ercise again and again.
"mplois de l(infinitif1
+(infinitif est touAours mar?u; de la pr;position to devant la base verbale 1
to ask to e3pect to invite to like ......
+et(s invite her to Aoin us on this tripC
6he murderer !anted all the victims to regard him as a good friend before killing them.
)ans des e3pressions au pr;t;rit 1 used to<4ase verbale ou avec la forme going to
6hirt& &ears ago a fe! people still used to make their coffee b& using a coffee grinder.
I(m going to take a rest in m& room.
Eour une action pr;vue F l(avance d;AF convenue avec to be to < #erbe 1
I am to meet the boss of the compan& at t!o o(clock.

'ompl;ter les phrases en mettant le verbe soit au g;rondif soit F l(infinitif.
1. I am going @to !atch2 a movie on this channel.
2. )o &ou recognise the girl @to sit2 over there9
3. 7hen I sa! him falling into the big mudd& puddle I couldn(t help @to laugh2.
G. -ou(d better tell him @to be2 more careful !ith that heav& tool it(s prett& sharpC
H. )id the parents agree @to leave2 their teenagers alone at home9
I. If I !ere &ou I !ouldn(t even dream of @to Aoke2 like this !ith such a nervous !omanC
J. 6he teacher !as !aiting for his students to greet him and then asked them @to sit do!n2.
K. 6he guards prevented the man !ho !as guilt& of arson from @to be2 l&nched b& the angr&
cro!d.
.. )o &ou fanc& @to dive2 !ith these masks and audio e?uipment9 It !ould be greatC
1/. After the& had tried it !e !ere never @to see2 them again.
11. I remember that he used @to pla&2 billiards even in his old age.
12. ,e began @to !alk2 cheerfull& up and do!n along the seafront.
13. 6he e3pression in his e&es reveals that he is reciting !ithout @to kno!2 the meaning of the
!ords.
1G. -ou had better go out s!imming on such a sunn& da& instead of @to sta&2 here.
1H. 6he bab& tries @to stand up2 but his legs aren(t strong enough &et.