TRAFOTECH 2014 - Ninth International Conference on Transformers

THE ENERGY EFFICIENT EQUILATERAL TRIANGULAR E

3
THREE
PHASE TRANSFORMER
Indian patent application no. 1890/CHE/2012
International patent application no. PCT/IN2013/000301
Prof.Dr. Krishnasamy Rajan, Harry Prince Rajan
Energy Consultants

INTRODUCTION

In the modern technical world, many
developments are in progress to reduce the core
thickness for reducing the iron losses of
transformer. Amorphous metal core is one of the
examples for lesser core thickness. This paper
indicates a new invention, useful to reduce the
core weight of the three phase transformer for
the same rating when we compare the E&I type
three phase transformer.
A transformer is essentially a static
electromagnetic device consisting of two or more
windings which link a common magnetic field.
One of these windings, the primary is connected
to an alternating voltage source; an alternating
flux is produced whose amplitude depends on
the primary voltage and number of turns.

The primary induced voltage is
E
p
=4.44f
m
T
p
Where f = frequency,

m =
mutual flux,
T
p
= number of turns on the primary winding.
This flux links with the secondary winding
induces in it a voltage whose value depends on
the amplitude of flux and the number of
secondary turns. The induced voltage in the
secondary winding is E
s
=4.44f
m
T
s,

where Ts
=
number of secondary turns.
The ratio of voltage is E
s
/ E
p
= T
s
/ T
p
.
The invention transformer works as per
magnetic induction principle. The transformer has
3 limbs and 2 equilateral triangle yokes Y1 and
Y2 on the top and bottom of the transformer.
Each limb has primary and secondary windings
in each phase. There are three such set of
windings for three phases. The Yoke1 is formed
on the top of the equilateral triangle transformer.
The Yoke 2 is formed at the bottom side of the
equilateral triangle transformer. The limb and
yoke joints are interleaved by the laminated
silicon core. Totally 6 Figs are added to describe
the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The Fig.1. shows the standard single
phase E &I type of transformer core and flux lines
distribution. The Fig.2. shows the standard E&I
type three phase transformer core with limb
A,B,C.

Fig.1 Single Phase E&I Transformer Core

Fig.2 Standard E&I Type Three Phase
Transformer core.

TRAFOTECH 2014 - Ninth International Conference on Transformers

Fig.3 Limbs A, B and C, Yoke1 and Yoke 2 and
Three Phase windings of Invention Transformer
The invention transformer has 2 yokes, one on
the top and another at the bottom of the
transformer. The Fig.3 shows the core and 3
phase windings.
In the Energy Efficient Equilateral
Triangular E
3
Three Phase Transformer, at
every instant, the flux lines of limb A finds two
parallel paths in the yoke. The 50% flux lines of
limb A finds the path through limb A- Yoke1- limb
B- Yoke 2 limb A.

Fig. 4 Three Phase Winding U, V, W


The balance 50% flux lines of limb A finds
the path through limb A- Yoke1- limb C- Yoke 2
limb A. When the flux reverses, the flux lines of
limb A finds two parallel paths. The 50% flux
lines of limb A finds the path through limb A-
Yoke 2- limb B- Yoke 1 limb A. The balance
50% flux lines of limb A finds the path through
limb A- Yoke 2- limb C- Yoke 1 limb A. Similar
actions are taken places in the limb B and C.

While comparing standard E&I type three
phase transformer and the invention 3 phase
transformer, in the invention transformer at every
instant, the limb carries 100% flux lines and the
yoke carries only 50% flux lines of the limb
because of two parallel paths of yokes. Hence
the area of the yoke is reduced to 50% of the
limb area. Due to the reduction of the yoke area,
there is a large reduction in the consumption of
laminated silicon core. The yoke core area is
reduced approximately by 30% to 40% of yoke of
E&I type three phase transformer for the same
rating. The main difference between the standard
E&I and the invention 3 phase transformer is the
shape of yoke. The invention transformer yoke
core area is reduced by half because of the two
parallel flux path of yoke.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the Energy Efficient Equilateral
Triangular E
3
Three Phase Transformer, at
every instant, the flux lines of limb A finds two
parallel paths in the yoke. The 50% flux lines of
limb A finds the path through limb A- Yoke1- limb
B- Yoke 2 limb A.



Fig.5 Magnetic flux lines distribution of
limb A and the yoke of the invention Transformer


FIELD OF INVENTION
The field of invention is in electrical
engineering area. In three phase electrical
transformer, the weight of yoke is always higher
than the weight of the limbs [2]. Across the world,
all the transformer manufacturers use E&I
laminated silicon steel core for manufacturing the
power transformer. Laminated silicon steel is
used to reduce the iron losses. The present
invention relates to an improved core structure
for a three phase transformer to reduce the
weight of silicon core of the yoke by 30% to 40%
as compared to standard E&I type transformer.
More particularly, the present invention relates to
a kind of design of core structure in yoke. This
reduction of core material is achieved by using
two parallel paths of magnetic flux in the yokes.
Due to the core reduction in yoke, the yoke
height is reduced by 50% as compared to the
standard E&I type transformer. The three limbs
are placed at equilateral triangular shape. As a
TRAFOTECH 2014 - Ninth International Conference on Transformers

result, due to the core area reduction in the yoke
and height reduction in the limbs, there is weight
reduction in the laminated silicon steel core
consumption. The overall height of the
transformer also is reduced.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention: The Energy Efficient
Equilateral Triangular E
3
Three Phase
Transformer is the outcome to reduce the area
of the yoke. Nowadays lot of development is
going on to reduce the thickness of the laminated
silicon steel to reduce the core losses. In the
area of thickness reduction of laminated core,
one of the developments is Amorphous metal
with the ribbon thickness of 22m [1]. The
invention design accepts all type of laminated
silicon steel core and amorphous metal core with
various thicknesses in the equilateral triangle
design.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

In single phase transformer, E&I cores
are used. In the E core, the central limb width is
twice when we compare to the side limbs and I
core width. The Fig.1 shows the single phase
transformer, E&I core and flux lines distribution.
At any given instant, the central limb carries
100% flux lines and the side limbs of E core
carries 50% flux of the central limb. The Fig.2
shows the standard E&I core used for three
phase transformer. The invention transformer
works under the magnetic induction principle.
The transformer has 3 limbs and 2 equilateral
triangle yokes Y1 and Y2 on top and bottom of
the transformer. The Fig.3 shows the core of the
Energy Efficient Equilateral Triangle E
3
Three
Phase Transformer with limb A, B and C. Each
limb has primary and secondary windings of each
phase. There are three such set of windings for
three phases. The Yoke1 is formed on the top
side of the equilateral triangle transformer. The
Yoke 2 is formed at the bottom side of the
equilateral triangle transformer. The limb and
yoke joints are interleaved by the laminated
silicon core. The Fig.4 shows the Energy Efficient
Equilateral Triangle E
3
Three Phase
Transformer with core and windings.
At every instant the magnetic flux lines of
limb A finds two parallel paths in the yoke. The
50% magnetic lines of limb A finds the path
through limb A-yoke1- limb B- yoke2 limb A.
The balance 50% magnetic flux lines of limb A
finds the path through limb A- yoke 1 limb C-
yoke 2 limb A. when the flux reverses, the flux
lines of A finds two parallel paths. The 50%
magnetic flux lines of limb A finds the path
through limb A- yoke 2 limb B - yoke 1 limb A.
The balance 50% magnetic flux lines of limb A
finds the path through limb A- yoke 2 limb C-
yoke 1 limb A. Similar actions are taken places
in the limb B and limb C. The Fig.4 indicates the
core and windings of the invention transformer.
The Fig.5 indicates the flux flow in the
limb A and yoke 1 of Energy Efficient Equilateral
Triangle E
3
Three Phase Transformer. The
single phase E&I core magnetic flux line
distribution is taken as reference, for arriving the
flux flow in the limb and yoke 1 and 2 in the
invention transformer. In the single phase E&I
core, the central limb carries 100% magnetic flux
lines. The side limbs of E core and I core carries
50% of magnetic flux lines of the central limb and
there are two parallel paths. Similarly in the
Energy Efficient Equilateral Triangle E
3
Three
Phase Transformer, the limb A carries 100%
magnetic flux lines and the yoke 1 and 2 carries
50% of magnetic lines of limb A with two parallel
paths. The limb B carry 100% magnetic flux lines
and yoke 1 and 2 carry 50% magnetic flux lines
of B with two parallel paths. Similarly the limb C
carry 100% magnetic flux lines and yoke 1 and 2
carry 50% of magnetic lines of limb C with two
parallel paths. The equilateral triangle yoke 1 and
2 are used for carrying 50% of magnetic flux lines
of limb A, B and C. While comparing standard
E&I type three phase transformer and the
invention three phase transformer, in the
invention transformer at every instant, the limb
carries 100% magnetic flux lines and the yoke
carries only 50% magnetic lines of the limb
because of two parallel paths of yokes. Hence
the area of the yoke is reduced to 50% of the
limb area. Due to the reduction of the yoke area,
there is large weight reduction of laminated
silicon core. The yoke core area is reduced by
30% of the yoke of E&I type three phase
transformer for the same rating. The main
difference between the standard E&I and the
invention transformer is the shape of yoke. The
invention transformer yoke core area is reduced
by half because of the two parallel flux paths of
yoke as compared with E&I type three phase
transformer. The Fig.6 shows the prototype
1KVA Energy Efficient Equilateral Triangle E
3

Three Phase Transformer.


TRAFOTECH 2014 - Ninth International Conference on Transformers


Fig.6. Prototype 1KVA Energy Efficient
Equilateral Triangle E
3
Three Phase
Transformer.

CONCLUSION

The invented 3 phase Three Phase
Transformer has following advantages:
1. The yoke weight of core is reduced by 30%
when we compare with standard type E&I
three phase transformer for the same rating.
2. The bottom and top yoke height are reduced
by half as compared standard E&I three
phase transformer yoke.
3. Hence total weight and height of the
transformer is reduced.
4. Since weight of the yoke is reduced, weight
of the supporting mechanical arrangement is
also reduced.
5. Because of reduction of yoke core weight,
Energy used to produce the yoke core is
also reduced in the core manufacturing
industry.
6. Hence pollution produced in the industry is
less for the same rating of E & I three phase
transformers.
7. Hence the invention transformer is Green
Energy 3 Phase Transformer.
8. Energy required is less, Pollution produced
is less, Global Warming Effect also reduced
9. The invention transformer converts the
primary volts into different voltage level at
the secondary as like the standard E & I type
three phase transformers.
10. Because of 30% yoke core weight
reduction, yoke core loss is reduced by 30%.
11. Since the height of the transformer is
reduced, cooling oil consumption is also
less.
12. The limb area and turns ratios are
calculated as per standard E&I three phase
transformer design. The invention three
phase transformer can be designed in any
rating as like standard E&I type three phase
transformer.
13. The 5 limb transformer is designed to
reduce the height of the power transformer.
Since the height of the invention transformer
is in reduced level, we need not go for 5 limb
transformer for height reduction.
14. Since the height of the transformer is
reduced, transportation problem is also
reduced. Hence the invention transformer
will replace the standard E&I transformer in
near future with above advantages.
15. The overall efficiency of the invention
transformer will be improved comparing
standard E&I three phase transformer.
Reference:

[1] www. Metglas.com

[2] A.K.Sawhney, A.Chakrabarti, A Course in
Electrical Machine Design page 5.1
5.132, Dhanpat Rai & co. (p) ltd Educational
Technical Publishers,1710, Nai Sarak, Delhi-
110006.

Note: The invention is registered at Indian patent
office with the Indian patent application no.
1890/CHE/2012. Hence coping of any part this
paper is not permitted.

About the authors:

Author

Krishnasamy Rajan completed
his B.E. Electrical and Electronics
and M.E. Applied Electronics at in
first class. He has done his
Ph.D.from J.N.T.U. AP He has
19 years of industrial experience
in R&D, production and 12 years
of teaching experience in engineering colleges.
He has published 6 papers in international and
national journals. He also presented papers in 17
papers in international and national conferences.
He is an energy consultant.
Email: rshaharry@gmail.com


TRAFOTECH 2014 - Ninth International Conference on Transformers

Co author

Harry Prince Rajan completed
his B.E. Electrical and Electronics
and master degree M.E. Power
Electronics and Drives in first
class. He published 3 papers in
international journal and national
conference. He is an energy
consultant.
Email: rshaharry@gmail.com