DOW Ultrafiltration

Fundamentals, Product Range & Operation

Summary of the Presentation
What is UF/MF?
UF/MF Membranes & System Configurations
Basic UF/MF Terminology
Advantages of UF/MF vs conventional filtration
UF Desirable Membrane Properties
Specific Features and Benefits of DOW
TM
UF
DOW
TM
UF UF System Operation & Design
Technical Support
Applications & References
What is UF/MF?
UF and MF: membrane processes based on size exclusion
(physical sieving). Reject particles, colloids, SS, oxidized
Fe/Mn, microorganisms...
What UF and MF cannot reject: DOM, Non-Oxidized Fe/Mn,
Hardness, Salts.
Ionic Range Molecular Range Macro Molecular Range Micro Particle Range Macro Particle Range
Dissolved Organics
Viruses
Metal
Ions
Latex / Emulsions
Bacteria
Colloids
Algae
Giardia
Human Hair
Insecticides
Soluble Salts
Antibiotics
Endotoxins/Pyrogens
Crypto
0.0001
Reverse Osmosis
Microfiltration
Nanofiltration
Ultrafiltration
IX
Electrodeionization
0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 100 10
10
4
10
6
Micrometers (Log Scale)
Angstrom Units (Log Scale)
Particle Filtration
Technology within Dow Water Solutions
Filtration Spectrum
1 10 100 1000
10
5
Membrane Configurations
Tubular Plate & Frame
Hollow Fibers
Spiral Wound
UF/MF System Configurations
Pressurized
Hollow fiber modules where
water is forced either into or out
of the lumen under pressure.
Submerged (or Immersed)
Hollow fiber configurations
where water is pulled into the
fiber lumen by suction.
There are two basic UF/MF configurations:
Pump
Feed
Permeate
Membrane
Feed
Tank
Pump
Permeate
Membrane
UF/MF System Configurations
Pressurized
Hollow fiber modules where
water is forced either into or out
of the lumen under pressure.
Submerged (or Immersed)
Hollow fiber configurations
where water is pulled into the
fiber lumen by suction.
There are two basic UF/MF configurations:
Lower footprint and weight
Higher and more consistent filtrate quality
(Log-Removal credit regardless water source)
Rejects pathogens resistant to chlorination
Lower chemical use (polymer, coagulant, pH
adjustment, chlorination,)
Easier operation and maintenance (highly
automated operation)
Easier expandability
Integrated systems (DOW advantage)
Advantages of UF/MF vs Conventional Filtration
.
Some advantages of UF/MF as pretreatment of RO:
Lower fouling in
RO membranes.
Reduce chemical
cleaning
frequencies
longer life of RO
Posibility to operate
the RO at higher
flux Less
Membranes &
Vessels
Advantages of UF/MF vs Conventional Filtration
.
Some Common UF/MF Terms
Recovery: Ratio of filtrate flow to feed flow [%].
TMP: Transmembrane Pressure (similar to head loss with
conventional granular media filters) [bar or psi]
Flux: Permeate Flow Divided by Membrane Area, [lmh or gfd]
Permeability: Normalized flux divided by TMP (sometimes
called specific flux) [lmh/bar or gfd/psi]
Fouling: Gradual reduction in filtrate flowat constant pressure
due to adsorption or deposition of contaminants within or on
the membrane.
BW: BackWash (also called Reverse Flush, Backflush,
Backpulse)
CIP: Clean In Place (Intensive Cleaning)
CEB: Chemically Enhanced Backwash (other terms: Mini-Clean,
Automatic cleaning, Enhanced flux maintenance, Maintenance
Clean, Chemical Wash)
AS: Air Scour (or Air Scrub)
Some Common UF/MF Terms
Membrane Properties Are all UF the same?
Pore Size: UF vs MF
Fiber Material: Strength, Chemical
Stability, Hydrophilicity
Flow configuration: Out-In vs In-Out
.
Membrane Properties UF vs MF
UF is a filter of smaller water
pollutants
removing pathogens, silt, colloids
and medium to higher molecular
weight organics. UF obtains
higher virus removal than MF.
Flux decline profile more
stable for UF (asymmetric
membrane)
0.1 m
0.03 m
.
Membrane Properties Strength
Strength of raw polymer - use high
molecular weight PVDF
Strength of porous membrane
structure without the use of
reinforcing materials
.
Membrane Properties Chemical Stability
Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Fibers maintain their strength under
continuous harsh chemical cleaning conditions, better than any other
membrane material.
Soaking test
with 5000 ppm
NaOCl for 250
hours
Residual strength of hollow fibers after
soak in 5000 ppm NaOCl solution
Membrane Properties Hydrophilicity
DOW
TM
UF PVDF Membranes are made hydrophilic higher
resistance to fouling by organics.
PES
CA
PAN
PS
PVDF
HDPE
PP
PTFE
PAN
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Contact Angle
[Degree, ]
S
u
r
f
a
c
e

T
e
n
s
i
o
n

[
D
y
n
e
/
c
m
]
DOW UF PVDF DOW UF PVDF
38
+ Hydrophilic + Hydrophobic
Flow Configuration: Out-In vs In-Out
Inside / Out
Outside / In
Fiber Material
Module
Layout
Pore
Size
Flow Pattern
H-PVDF
Vertical
Encased
0.03 m Out In
UF - A R-PVDF Submerged 0.04 m Out In
UF - B PVDF
Vertical
Encased
0.04 m Out In
UF - C PVDF
Vertical
Encased
0.1 m
(MF)
Out In
UF - D PES
Vertical
Encased
0.025 m In Out
UF - E PES
Horizontal
Encased
0.025 m In Out
Hollow Fiber UF Manufacturers Comparative
Specific Features and Benefits of
DOW
TM
UF
.
DOW
TM
UF Features and Advantages
Pressurized Outside/In Modular Membrane Product
Tolerance to wide range of Feed Water quality
Simple Vertical Shell Design (no PV needed)
Dead-End Operation
1.3 mm x 0.7 mm H-PVDF Hollow Fibers
Mechanically strong fibers
High Chemical tolerance
Treated for Increased Hydrophilicity (high
fouling resistance)
0.03 m Nominal Pore Size
Sponge-like structure for high filtration efficiency
.
DOW
TM
UF Specifications & Operating Conditions
DOW
TM
UF Model
SFP/SFD -
2660
SFP/SFD -
2860
SFP/SFD -
2880
Module
Specifications
Height 1,860 mm 1,820 mm 2,320 mm
Fibers Length 1,500 mm 1,500 mm 2,000 mm
Module Diameter 165 mm(6.5") 225 mm(8.9") 225 mm(8.9")
Module Surface Area 33 m
2
51 m
2
77 m
2
Volume 16 L 35 L 39 L
Weight (water filled) 41 kg 83 kg 100 kg
Shipping Weight 25 kg 48 kg 61 kg
Flow Range 1.3 - 4.0 m
3
/h 2.0 - 6.1 m
3
/h 3.1 9.3 m
3
/h
Fibers
Features
Flow Configuration Out to In
Fibers Material Hydrophilic-PVDF
Nominal Pore Size 0.03 m
Operating
Conditions
Temperature 1 - 40C
Max. Inlet Pressure Up to 6.3 bar @ 20C; 4.8 bar @ 40C
Max. Operating TMP 2.1 bar
pH, Operating 2-11 (continuous); 1-12 (cleaning)
NaOCl Max. 2,000 ppm
Backwash Flux 100-150 L/m
2
.h
Feed
Requirements
Max. TSS 100 mg/L
Max. Turbidity 300 NTU
Max. Particle Size 300 m
SFP-2660 SFP-2860 SFP-2880
.
Filtration
(20-60 min)
Air Scrub (20s)
Backwash (40-60s)
Forward Flush (30-60s)
(Physical Cleaning)
CEB (On-Line); Every 1-7 days
CIP (Off-Line); Every 1-12 months
(Chemical
Cleaning)
UF System Operation
Filtration
Ultrafiltrate
Raw Water
Filter
150-200 m
Backwash
Tank
Air
Chemicals
Backwash
Pump
Feed Pump
Effluent
Air Scour
Ultrafiltrate
Raw Water
Filter
150-200 m
Backwash
Tank
Air
Chemicals
Backwash
Pump
Feed Pump
Effluent
Air Scour (Drain Step)
Ultrafiltrate
Raw Water
Filter
150-200 m
Backwash
Tank
Air
Chemicals
Backwash
Pump
Feed Pump
Effluent
Backwash Top
Ultrafiltrate
Raw Water
Filter
150-200 m
Backwash
Tank
Air
NaOCl
(optional)
Backwash
Pump
Feed Pump
Effluent
Backwash Bottom
Ultrafiltrate
Raw Water
Filter
150-200 m
Backwash
Tank
Air
Backwash
Pump
Feed Pump
Effluent
NaOCl
(optional)
Forward Flush
Ultrafiltrate
Raw Water
Filter
150-200 m
Backwash
Tank
Air
Chemicals
Backwash
Pump
Feed Pump
Effluent
CEB Top
Ultrafiltrate
Raw Water
Filter
150-200 m
Backwash
Tank
Air
Chemicals
Backwash
Pump
Feed Pump
Effluent
.
CEB Bottom
Ultrafiltrate
Raw Water
Filter
150-200 m
Backwash
Tank
Air
Chemicals
Backwash
Pump
Feed Pump
Effluent
.
CEB
Acid
HCl or H
2
SO
4
@ approx. 500 mg/L (target pH 2)
Frequency is typically every 72 hours or when necessary.
Removes colloids and inorganic salt plugging both inside and
outside of membrane.
Alkali
NaOH @ approx. 500 mg/L (target pH 12)
Generally combined with NaOCl @ approx. 350 mg/L
Frequency is typically every 24 hours or when necessary.
Removes organics and biofoulants from membrane.
CIP
Acid
HCl @ 2,000 ppm
pH 2
Alkali
NaOH @ 1,000 ppm
NaOCl @ 2,000 ppm
pH 12
Frequency is typically every 1-3 months.
Flow rate of 1.5 to 2.0 m
3
/h/module.
Duration is typically 120-150 minutes.
Triggered by transmembrane pressure rise.
CIP Solution
(up to 40 C)
.
Chemical
0.4% HCl
2% Citric
Acid
2% Oxalic
Acid
0.2% NaOCl 0.1% NaOH
Contaminants
Inorganic Recommended
Organic Recommended Possible
Metal Oxides
(Fe,Mn)
Possible Recommended
Colloids /
Particles
Recommended
Silica Recommended
Biological Recommended Possible
Coexistence
polivalent cations
& organic matter
Recommended
/ 1st CIP
Recommended
/ 1st CIP
Recommended /
2nd CIP
CIP General Guidelines
.
CEB CIP
Maintenance cleaning. Intensive cleaning.
Shorter in duration (but higher frequency). Longer in duration (but lower frequency).
Require less operator involvement.
Automatic.
Manually initiated.
It is done with ultrafiltrate. Chemical solution is prepared with demin/RO
water, usually at higher concentrations.
Chemical solution is flushed out fromthe
system.
Chemical solution is recirculated through the
system.
Cleaning occurs at ambient temperature. Heating of the cleaning solution is
recommended.
CEB vs CIP
DOW UF Skid
Typical DOW
TM
UF System
Double Floor DOW
TM
UF System
Double Floor DOW
TM
UF System
Design Software - UFlow
10-Page detailed report, including:
System Flow Diagram.
Plant design details (#UF racks, #UF
modules per rack, recovery, UF module main
features, etc.)
Instantaneous and Average system flows.
Sizing of tanks, valves, piping.
Chemical consumption and cost.
Energy consumption and cost.
Operating Tables.
Design Software - UFlow
Design Guidelines
46
Proposal - Engineering Package
Deliverables:
P&ID Drawings
General Arrangement Drawings
Equipment List
UFlow Projection
Desired Outcomes:
Value-Add Engineering Assistance to OEM
Increase OEM knowledge and comfort with Dow UF product
Engage in dialogue for technical questions & further support
DOW
TM
UF Certificates
NSF/ANSI Standard 61
Drinking Water System Components
PDWE Certification
USEPA ETV
Removal of Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water
California Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR)
California Department Public Health
Title 22 Recycle Criteria
Drinking Water LRV
o 4-log Removal of Cryptosporidium
o 4-log Removal of Giardia
DOW
TM
UF References
Globally more than 800 plants running with DOW
Ultrafiltration
Over 3,000,000 m
3
/day UF capacity Global
Over 85 installations more than 7,500 m
3
/day
capacity
Wide range of Applications:
Prefiltration before Desalination
Surface Water Treatment
Waste Water Treatment
Process Water Treatment
DOW UF References
Examples of DOW
TM
UF Systems
Al Ain, UAE (Waste Water Reuse UF/RO)
Magong, Taiwan (Seawater UF/RO)
Tamar Valley, Tasmania (Surface Water UF/RO/IEX)
Borsodchem, Hungary (River Water UF/RO)
Ataky, Turkey (Secondary Effluent)
Moni, Cyprus (Seawater UF/RO)
Yanshan Refinery, China (Waste Water UF/RO)
Nikolayev, Ukraine (Bore Well Water UF/RO)
Gaojing, China (CTBD Reuse UF/RO/EDI)
WangTan, China (Seawater UF/RO)
Shuozhou Geruite Power Plant Project (Groundwater)
Valencia, Spain (Well Water, UF/RO).
Soft Drink, Spain (Well Water UF/RO)
Mining, Spain (River Water UF/RO)
Madagascar (Surface Water UF)
Damietta, Egypt (Surface Water, UF+RO)
El Shabab, Egypt (Surface Water, UF+2-pass RO)
54
Useful Links about DOW UF
DOW
TM
Ultrafiltration product Overview, Literature & Manuals:
http://www.dowwaterandprocess.com/products/uf/index.htm
Ultrafiltration Product Video and Fiber Repair Video:
http://www.dowwaterandprocess.com/support_training/videos/index.htm
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