Putra Bhava : The straight meaning of this term is House of Son or
Sons, but it relates to Children, poorvapunya (good deeds of previous lives), intelligence, knowledge & scholarship, devotion, mantras (prayers), stomach, digestive system, authority/power, fame, love, affection, emotions, judgment, speculation. When we say Children, it includes both Sons and Daughters and also Neuters, all depending on the Grah /Planets posited /aspecting/ conjoined/and the house itself, there is a direct relation, this house also tells us about our past good deeds or Punya Karma, if one has children, one can infer directly that one did have Punya ( Good Deeds) Karma from the past life, if Sons or Daughters, It does not matter, but in Ancient times in India, Son was seen as a Mandatory requirement for the family lineage to progress, I do not deny that it exists even today.
5th House/ Putra Bhava is one of the important houses along with Ascendent, Yuvati Bhava, Dharma Bhava, Karma Bhava, and Labha Bhava.
Effects of Putra Bhava - 5th House. BPHS 1-3. O Brahmin, now I tell you the effects, related to Putra Bhava (5th House). If the Lords of Lagna and Putra are in their own Rasis, or in an angle, or in a trine, one will enjoy thorough happiness through his children. Should Putras Lord be in Ari (6th), Randhra (8th), or Vyaya Bhava (12th), there will be no offspring. Should the Lord of Putra be combust (Posited very close to Sun), or be with malefics and be weak, there will be no children; even, if per chance issues are obtained, they will only quit the world soon. The Yuti of Putras Lord with Lagnas Lord in a good Bhava will ensure early obtainment of children apart from happiness through them. If they join in an evil Bhava, they will prove a defect in this respect. 4. If Putras Lord is in Ari Bhava, as Lagnas Lord is yuti (Conjoined) with Mangal, the native will lose his very first child, where after his female will not be fertile to yield an offspring. 5. Should Putras Lord be in fall in Ari, Randhra, or Vyaya Bhava, while Budh and Ketu are in Putra Bhava, the natives wife will give birth to one child only. 6. If Putras Lord is in fall and be not in Drishti to Putra, while Sani (Saturn) and Budh are in Putra, the natives wife will give birth to one child only. 7. Should Dharms Lord be in Lagna, while Putras Lord is in fall and Ketu is in Putra along with Budh, obtainment of progeny will be after a great deal of ordeal. 8. If Putras Lord is in Ari, Randhra, or Vyaya Bhava, or be in an inimical Rasi, or be in fall, or in Putra itself, the native will beget issues with difficulty. 9. Should Putra Bhava be owned by Sani (Saturn), or Budh and be occupied, or drishtied by ani and Mandi, one will have adopted issues. 10. Should Surya and Chandra be together in a Rasi and in the same Navamsa, the native will be brought up by three mothers, or two fathers. 11. Adopted issue is indicated, if Putra is tenanted by six Grahas, while its Lord is in Vyaya Bhava and Chandra and Lagna are endowed with strength. 12. There will be many children, if Putras Lord is strong, while Putra is drishtied by strong Budh, Guru and Sukra. 13. If Putras Lord is with Chandra, or is in her Decanate, the native will beget daughters; so say Jyotishis (Astrologers). 14. If Putras Lord is in a Movable Rasi, while Sani (Saturn) is in Putra, as Rahu is with Chandra, the child (so born) is of questionable birth. 15. Undoubtedly the native is born of others loins, if Chandra is in the 8 th from Lagna, while Guru is in the 8 th from Chandra. Malefics Drishti, or Yuti is essential in this Yog. 16. If Putras Lord is exalted, or be in Dhana, Putra, or Dharma Bhava, or be yuti with, or drishtied by Guru, obtainment of children will be there. 17. One will obtain children, that will indulge in mean deeds, if Putra is occupied by three, or four malefics, while Putras Lord is in fall. A benefic (including Budh) in Putra is excluded in the said combination. 18. If Putra is occupied by Guru, while its Lord is with Sukra, one will obtain an offspring in his 32 nd , or 33 rd year. 19. Should Putras Lord be in an angle along with Guru, the Karak, one will beget a child at the age of 30, or 36. 20. If Guru is in Dharm Bhava, while Sukra is in the 9 th from Guru along with Lagnas Lord, one will beget a child at the age of 40. 21. The native will at the age of 32 lose his child, if Rahu is in Putra, Putras Lord is in Yuti with a malefic and Guru is in debilitation. 22. There will be loss of children at 33 and 36, if a malefic is in the 5 th from Guru, while another is in the 5 th from Lagna. 23. Should Mandi be in Lagna, while Lagnas Lord is in fall, grief on account of loss of child at the age of 56 will come to pass. 24-32. Number of Children. There will be 10 sons, if Bandhu Bhava and Ari Bhava are occupied by malefics, while Putras Lord is in deep exaltation, joining Lagnas Lord, as Guru is with another benefic. Nine will be the number of sons, that one will beget, if Guru is in deep exaltation, as Rahu is with Dhanas Lord and Dharm is occupied by its own Lord. There will be eight sons, if Guru is in Putra, or Dharm Bhava, while Putras Lord is endowed with strength and Dhans Lord is in Karma Bhava. Sani in Dharm Bhava, while Putras Lord is in Putra itself, gives 7 sons, out of which twins will be born twice. If Putras Lord is in Putra in Yuti with Dhanas Lord, there will be birth of 7 sons, out of which 3 will pass away. Only one son is denoted, if there be a malefic in Putra Bhava, while Guru is in the 5 th from Sani, or vice versa. If Putra Bhava has a malefic in it, or, if Sani is in the 5 th from Guru, the native will beget offspring only through his second, or third wife. Should Putra be occupied by a malefic, while Guru is yuti with Sani in Putra Bhava, as Lagnas Lord is in Dhana Bhava and Putras Lord is yuti with Mangal, one will live long, but lose his children one after the other, as they are born.
Kalyana Verma's Saravali : Putra Bhava ABOUT THE 5 th HOUSE. If the 5 th House contains a benefic, or is aspected by a benefic, or be a benefic's Rasi, the native will surely beget children. If it is different, he will not obtain progeny. If the 5 th House counted from the Moon, or the Ascendant, the stronger prevailing, has at least one Jupiter's division in the various Varga calculations, or has a benefic's Rasi in it and is aspected by a benefic, the native will have legitimate issue. NUMBER OF CHILDREN. If the Navamsa of the 5 th falls in a benefic's Rasi the number of children equals the number of Navamsa past in the 5 th House. The aspect of a benefic on the 5 th Bhava doubles the number, while malefic Rasi, as 5 th House Navamsa and the said House receiving a malefic's aspect confers progeny with difficulty. AUTHORIZING OTHER KINSMAN TO RAISE PROGENY FOR THE NATIVE. If the 5 th House containing Mercury in it and is in aspect to Saturn, but without the aspect of the others, as cited above. House falls in the divisions (like Rasi, Navamsa, drekkana etc.) of Saturn and be with Mercury's aspect, but without that of Jupiter/Mars/Sun, the native obtains progeny by authorizing his kinsman to raise the same for him from his (the natives) wife. Similar result prevails, if Mercury's Rasi be in the 5 ADOPTED OR BOUGHT PROGENY. If the 5 th House belongs to Saturn and be occupied by Saturn himself with the aspect of the Moon, one procures a child by adoption, or by an act of purchase. Identical effect follows the position of Mercury in the 5 th House owned by him receiving the Moon's aspect. ADOPTION SANS CONSENT. Should the 5 th House contain Saturn with out any aspect from others and fall in a Sapthamsa (D-7) owned by Mars, the native will adopt a grown up child without the consent of its natural parents. BASE CHILDREN. If the 5 th House contains the Sun and falls in the divisions of Saturn receiving the aspect of Mars, the children so obtained will be abject. Should the Moon be in the 5 th House and receive exclusively Saturn's aspect, while the 5 th House falls in a Navamsa of Mars, even then the progeny will be foolish and base. If the 5 th House is occupied by Mars falling in many of Saturn's divisions and be in aspect to the Sun, one will obtain a son, that is adopted by a stranger after its being cast off by its original parents, so says sage Karuna. ISSUE BY A REMARRIED WIDOW. Should the 5 th House fall in Saturn's Vargas and contain both the Moon and Saturn therein, in aspect to both the Sun and Venus, progeny will be begotten by a widow given to the native in remarriage. PROGENY BY A VIRGIN. Should the Moon be in the 7 th along with the Sun, or the Moon being in the 5 th in aspect to, or in the company of the Sun, one will obtain issue through an unmarried girl. PROGENY BY A WOMAN PREGNANT AT MARRIAGE. If the 5 th House falls in the divisions of the Luminaries and contains the Moon and the Sun in aspect to Venus only, one will have progeny by a woman, who will already be pregnant at the time of marriage. ISSUELESSNESS. If the 5 th House falls in a malefic's Sign and be occupied by strong malefics without benefic's aspect, the native will be childless. PROGENY BY A FEMALE SLAVE. If the 5 th House be in a Navamsa of Venus and be aspected by Venus, one will beget progeny by a female servant. Some scholars opine, that even, if the Moon's Navamsa and the Moon so come in the picture, the said effects will come to pass. SONS AND DAUGHTERS. When the 5 th House has exclusively the divisions of the Moon and Venus and be with aspects of Venus and the Moon alone, or be occupied by these two alone, or, when the said House has the divisions of only even Signs, the native will beget only female children. In a contrary situation, (i.e. 5 th House falling in divisions of odd Signs only and be excluded from the occupation, or aspect of Venus and the Moon but others), there will be birth of only male children. CHILDLESSNESS. When the Moon occupies the 10 th House, Venus is in the 7 th and malefics are in the 4 th , the natives dynasty does not descend any further. LOSS OF CHILDREN. Should Mars be in the 5 th , the children of the native will pass away, as they are born. However, if Jupiter, or Venus lend aspect to the said position, the loss relates only to the first child. If all planets aspect (the said Mars), then there is no loss at all of children. SPECIAL EFFECTS. Should the 5 th House be occupied exclusively by malefics, the native will be devoid of wealth, own men and happiness. If Mars is in the 5 th House, he will be distressed (or deformed). Saturn so posited denotes sickness. The occupations of Mercury, Jupiter, or Venus will confer abundant happiness and wealth. Effects of Grah/Planets in 5th House or Putra Bhava
If the Sun occupies the 5 th , the native will be bereft of happiness, sons and wealth, will live by husbandry, will move in hills and fortresses, be fickle-minded, scholarly, devoid of strength and be short-lived.
Should the Moon be in 5 th , the native will be timid in disposition, will earn learning, clothes and food, will have many sons and friends, be a scholar and be passionate.
If Mars occupies the 5 th , the native will be devoid of happiness, wealth and sons, be fickle-minded, be a talebearer, will incur evils, be wicked, distressed and mean.
If Mercury occupies the 5 th , the native will be an expert in Mantras (sacred spells) and Abhicra (malevolent spells), will have many sons, be endowed with learning, happiness and efficacy and be delighted.
If Jupiter occupies the 5 th , the native will have abundant happiness, many sons and friends, be learned, courageous, wealthy and will always be happy.
If Venus is posited in the 5 th , the native will be endowed with happiness, sons and friends, be fond of sexual union, be very affluent, full of everything and be a minister, or a justice.
If Saturn in the 5th Bhava: Should Saturn occupy the 5 th Bhava, the native will be bereft of happiness, sons, friends, intelligence and kindness, be agitated and be poor.
If Rahu in 5th Bhava:
Underclass or foreign attributes of the children, Rahu in a Rasi of Mercury and Shani may deny children all together, though there might be a great desire for children, conception and development of children might happen in very peculiar circumstances, and yet the children might become the source of happiness and might become famous and distinguished in their culture, possibility of foreign adoption, or might get involved in raising own grandchildren.
If Ketu in 5th Bhava: Ketu will reduce the happiness one is supposed to get from the children and the effects will be like separation between the parents and the children, the native suffers from his own thoughts, hence suffering, mental and physical, the native might be weak, crafty, timid, impatient, jealous and might not have any interest what so ever in religion and travel
General understanding should be like, if the house is male or female, the lord of the 5th house is male or female, the planets occupying the 5th house are male or female, if there is any aspect from Jupiter or Venus, or Moon, etc, the number of planets, etc etc to deduce the sex and no of children and health and intelligence of the children.