Phy 12 2003

Get the best brains on your side.
Watch Topper TV! Log on to www.topperlearning.com

Call 0120 4646900 or e-mail us at contactus@topperlearning.com
PHYSICS (THEORY) 2003
(SET 1 DELHI BOARD)

Class XII ( Delhi Board Papers)

Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

(i) All questions are compulsory.

(ii) Internal choices have been provided in some questions. You have to attempt
only one of the choices in such questions.

(iii) Question numbers 1 to 5 are very short answer questions, carrying 1 mark
each. These questions are to be answered in one word or a sentences.

(iv) Question numbers 6 to 12 are short answer questions, carrying 2 marks each.
Their answers may not normally exceed 40 words each.

(v) Question numbers 13 to 24 are also short answer questions, carrying 3 marks
each. Their answer may not normally exceed 60 words each.

(vi) Question numbers 25 to 27 are long answer questions, each carrying 5
marks. Answers to them should not normally exceed 100 words each.

(vii) Use of calculators is not permitted. However, you may use log tables, if
necessary.

Q.1. Define electrical conductivity of a conductor and give its S.I. unit.

Ans. The reciprocal of resistivity of the material of a conductor is called its conductivity
i.e.
1
=
AI unit of
1 1
is . m

Q. 2. What happens to the power dissipation if the value of electric current
passing through a conductor of constant resistance is doubled?

Ans. When current is doubled, the dissipation increases four times because
2
P I .

Q. 3. How does the (i) pole strength and (ii) magnetic moment of each part of a
bar magnet change if it is cut into two equal pieces transverse to its
length?

Ans. Pole strength of each part is same as the original magnet but magnetic moment
is halved.

Q. 4. Write S. I. unit of magnetic flux. Is it a scalar or a vector quantity?

Ans. SI unit of magnetic flux is Weber. It is a scalar quantity.

Q. 5. Name the factor which decides the quantity of reproduced document sent
by Fax.

Ans. It depends on the quality of the optical scanning of the original document.

Q.6. Mention any two properties of electric lines of force. Sketch them for an
isolated positive point charge.

Ans. (i) Lines of force are continuous curves, which start from a positive charge and
end on a negative charge.
(ii) No two lines of force can intersect each other.

Figure shows the lines of force of a positive point charge.

Q. 7. In a copper voltammeter, a varying electric current, as shown in graph, is
passed. The mass of copper deposited at the end of 30 seconds is m
grams. Using the graph, find the value of e. c. e. of copper in
-1
gC .


Ans. Total charge passed = Area of trapezium OABC
( )
1
10 30 0.1 2
2
C = + =
By Faradays first law,
m = zq
-1
m m
e. c.e. = z = = = 0.5m gC
q 2

Q. 8. An a.c. voltage
0
E = E sin t is applied across an inductor L. Obtain an
expression for current I.

Ans. Consider a pure inductance L connected across a source of alternating e m f
given by

o
E=E sin wf

If is the current through the circuit, the rate of change of current in the circuit is
dI
dt
.
Instantaneous induced e m f across inductance
dI
= - L
dt
By Kirchhoffs law,
net e m f,

0
0
0
o
dI
E - L = 0
dt
dI
E = L
dt
E E
or dI = dt = sin wt dt
L L
E
or dI = sin wt dt
L
E
or I = - cos wt = -I cos wt
wL

where
o
o
E
I =
wL
= peak value of alternating current. Here wL has the units of
resistance and it is called inductive reactance. It is denoted by
L
X .
( )
o o
I = -I cos wt =I sin wt - 2 .

Q. 9. An object it placed in front of a right angled prism ABC in two positions (a)
and (b) as shown. The prism is made of crown glass with critical angle of
41
o
. Trace the path of two rays from P and Q, (i) in (a), normal to the
hypotenuse and (ii) in (b), parallel to the hypotenuse.

Ans,

Q.10. Name the reaction, which takes place when a slow neutron beam
strikes235U
92
nuclei. Write the nuclear reaction involved.
Or

The work function of lithium is 2.3 eV. What does it mean? What is the
relation between the work function W and threshold wavelength ' ' of a
metal?


Ans. When a slow neutron strikes 235U
92
nuclei, nuclear fission takes place.

i 1
0 0
56 92 36
235U+ n 141Ba +92Kr +3 n Energy

or

The work function of lithium is 2.3 e.V. This means that to remove the outermost
electron from the ground shell of a lithium atom, an energy of 2.3 eV is required.
The work function W and threshold wavelength are related as

hc
W =

Q.11. In the series of radioactive disintegration of z X
A
first an alpha- particle and
then a beta- article is emitted. What is the atomic number and mass number
of the new nucleus formed by these successive disintegrations?

Ans.
4 0
1
2He - e
AX A- 4X A- 4X
z
z-2 z-1 - decay - decay

Atomic number of new nucleus = Z =1
Mass number of new nucleus = A 4

Q.12. In the figure below, circuit symbol of a logic gate and input wave from is
shown.

(i) Name the logic gate, (ii) write its truth table and (iii) give the output wave
form.

Ans. (i) The logic gate is NOT gate.
(ii) Truth table of NOT gate


(iii)

Q.13. What is an equipotential surface?

A uniform electric field E
ur
of 300 NC
-1
is directed along PQ, A, B and C are
three points in the field having x and y coordinates (in metre) as shown in
the figure. Calculate potential difference between the points (i) A and B and
(ii) B and C.

Ans. Any surface that has same electric potential at its every point is called an
equipotential surface.

Numerical: (i) No work is done in taking a +ve charge from A to B because the
charge moves perpendicular to the electric field.
P. D. between A and B = 0
(ii)
V
As E = -
x

P.D. between B and C,

V = - Ex = -3007 = - 2100V.

Q.14. Draw a labeled diagram of Van de Graff generator. State its principle of
working.

Ans. Principle of Van de Graff generator: Electric discharge takes place in air or
gases readily at pointed conductors and that a hollow conductor continues
accepting of charge through its inner surface irrespective of the fact, however
large its potential may be.

Q.15. What is meant by drift velocity of free electrons? Derive Ohms law on the
basis of the theory of electron drift.

Or

What is Wheat stone bridge? Deduce the condition for which Wheat stone
bridge is balanced.

Ans. Drift velocity. When a potential difference is applied across a conductor, t he
free electrons drift Velocity a small average velocity
( )
-4
10 m s in the opposite
direction of the applied field. This velocity is called drift velocity.

Derivation of Ohms law. Current through a conductor is

d
I = en AV
Drift velocity,
d
eE
V =
m


2
eE ne A
I =enA E
m m

=

But
V
E =
l

2
ne A V
I = .
m l

or
2
V m
I ne A
l
=
for a given conductor of a constant temperature, all the quantities m, e, A, l and I
are constants. Hence

V
= R
I
= constant
This proves Ohms law.
Hence
2
m
R
ne A
l
=

Or

Wheat stone bridge is an arrangement of four resistances which is used to
determine an unknown resistance.

The four resistance P, Q, R and S are so adjusted that no current flows through
the galvanometer G. The Wheat stone is said to be balanced. In this condition

1 2 3 4
I = I andI = I

Applying Kirchhoffs second law to the meshes AB DA and BCD B, we get

1 1 3
2 4 2 4
I P - I, R = 0 or I P=I R
and I Q- I S= 0 or I Q = I S

3 1
2 4
I R I P
=
I Q I S

P R
or =
Q S

[ ]
1 2 3 4
I = I , I = I Q

This is the balance condition of the Wheat stone bridge.

Q.16. What is meant by the sensitivity of a potentiometer?
A battery
1
E of 4 V and a variable resistance R
h
are connected in series
with the wire AB of the potentiometer. The length of the wire of the
potentiometer is 1 metre. When a cell E
2
of e.m.f. 1.5 volt is connected
between points A and C, no current flows through E
2
. Length of AC = 60
cm.

(i) Find the potential difference between the ends A and B of the
potentiometer.
(ii) Would the method work, if the battery E
1
is replaced by a cell of e. m.
f. of 1 V?

Ans. A potentiometer is sensitive if it has small potential drop per unit length.

Numerical: (i) As

2
2
1
1
E
E
l
l
=
P. D. between A and B is

2
2 1
1
100cm
E E = 1.5V = 2.5V
60cm
l
l
=
(iii) No, this method would not work when E
1
is of 1 V because then E
1
< E
2
.

Q.17. Two straight, parallel, current carrying conductors are kept at a distance r
from each other, in air. The direction of current in both the conductors is
the same. Find the magnitude and direction of the force between them.
Hence define one ampere.

Ans. AB and CD are two infinitely long conductors, placed parallel to each other, and
separated by distancer. The currents through them are
1 2
I andI respectively.
Magnetic field at distancer from AB is

0 1
1
I
B =
2r

This magnetic field acts perpendicular to CD and into the plane of paper. Force
per unit length of conductor CD is

0 1 0 1 2
1 2 2
I I I
f = B I I = F 1 =
2r 2r

By Flemings left hand rule this force acts an CD towards AB. The conduct AB
also experience the same force towards CD. Hence there is attraction between
AB and CD.

Definition of ampere: If
1 2
I = I =1A, r =1m, then

-7
-7 -1 0
410
f = = = 210 Nm
2 2

So one ampere is that constant current which flowing in infinitely long, straight
parallel conductors of negligible circular cross section, placed in vacuum one
meter apart, produces between them a force of
7
2 10 v
per metre of their

length.
.
Q.18. Distinguish between diamagnetic and ferromagnetic materials in respect
their
(i) intensity of magnetization
(ii) behavior in a non- uniform magnetic field
(iii) susceptibility.

Ans. (i) Intensity of magnetization is small negative for a diamagnetic substance and
large positive for a ferromagnetic substance.

(ii) In a non uniform magnetic field, a diamagnetic substance tends to move
from stronger to weaker part while the ferromagnetic substance tends too more
from weaker to stronger part of the field.

(iii) Susceptibility is small negative for a diamagnetic substance and large
positive for a ferromagnetic substance.

Q.19. State huygens principle. For reflection of a plane wave front at a plane
reflecting surface, construct the corresponding reflected wave front. Using
this diagram, prove that angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection.

Ans. Huygens principle: (i) Every point on a given wave front acts as a fresh source
of secondary wavelets which travel in all directions with the speed of light.

(ii) The forward envelope of these secondary wavelets gives the new wave front
at any instant.

Laws of reflection by Huygens Principle:

Figure shows the wavelengths corresponding to diverging rays.

Law of reflection: Let us consider a incident wave front PQ, incident on a
reflecting surface PP. Let reflected wavefront PQ make angle r with the
reflecting surface and r be the angle of incidence.

Time taken by any ray to shift from incident to reflected wavefrom is independent
of point N.

Let velocity of Light in air =
-1
1
C ms
Tool time to cover path RN and NE
RNE RN NE
1 1
RN NE
t = t + t +
C C
=

In , sin
RN
PRN i
PN
=
RN = PN sini
'. NEP
In sin
'
NE
i
NP
=
So ' sin NE NP r =
So
RNE
1 1
sin ' sin PN i NP r
t
C C
= +

( )
[ ]
1 1
1 1
' sin
sin
' sin
sin sin
PP r
PN i
C C
PN PP r
t t r
C C
= +
= = +

As the total time t does not depend upon the position N, the term containing PN
should vanish.

[ ]
1
sin sin 0
or sin sin or .
PN
i r
C
i r i r
= =
= =

The verifies laws of reflection.


Q.20. What is meant by interference of light?

Ina double slit experiment with monochromatic light, fringes are obtained
on a screen placed at some distance from the slits. If the screen is moved
by
-2
510 m towards the slits, the change in fringe width is
-5
310 m. If the
distance between slits is
-3
10 m, calculate the wavelength of light used.

Ans. The phenomenon of redistribution of light energy in a medium on a
account of superposition of light waves from two coherent sources is
called interference.

Numerical: For fringe width, we have

( )
D D'
= and ' =
d
D- D'
- ' =
d

or
( )
-5 -3
o
-6
-2
- ' d 310 10
= = = 0.610 m = 6000A
D- D' 510

Q.21. Why are de- Broglie waves associated with a moving football not visible?
The wavelength, , of a photon and the de- Broglie wavelength of an
electron have the same value. Show that the energy of the photon is
2mc
h

times the kinetic energy of the electron, where m, c and h have their usual
meanings.

Ans. Because of large mass of a football, the wavelength associated with a moving
football is small. So its wave nature is not visible.
De Broglie wavelength of electron,
h
=
p

Momentum of electron,
h
P =

K.E. of electron
2 2
2
p h
= =
2m 2m

Energy of proton
hc
=

2
2
Energyof photon hc 2m 2mc
= . =
KineticEnergyof electron h h

Energy of photon
2mc
K.E.of electron.
=

Q. 22. Define Antenna. Write a short note or Antenna. Name two types of
antenna.

Ans. An antenna is a vital component of any communication system. It is employed
both at the transmitting as well as at the receiving end. At the transmitter it radius
electromagnetic waves into the free space. While at the receiving end it picks up
the transmitted signal. An antenna is basically a length of conductor and acts as
a conversion device.

1. Dipole Antenna is omni direction and is employed in transmission of radio
waves.
2. Dish type Antenna In this type of antenna, the basic active component,
usually a dipole is placed at the focus of a parabolic reflector or spherical
dish. The dish collects the electromagnetic energy & thus focuses it all on
the active element where from the resulting electrical signals is carried to
the input of the receiver.

Q.23. What is meant by the term modulation? Explain with the help of a block
diagram, how the process of modulation is carried out in radio broadcasts.

Ans. Modulation is the process by which same characteristic (amplitude, frequency or
phase angle) of a high frequency carrier wave is varied in accordance with the
instantaneous value of the low frequency audio signal.

In radio modulation, an audio signal is sent to a message signal generator which
is just a transducer to convert original signal into an electric signal. A frequency
oscillator generates the carrier wave. The modulator superimposes the base
band signal over the carrier wave to give the modulated wave.

Q.24. Write three special characteristics of the light source used in optical
communication. Name any one optical detector. Explain the meaning of the
term sensitivity and responsivity of a detector.

Ans. Characteristics of the light source:
i) Size of source should be small.
ii) It should produce monochromatic light.
iii) Should be capable of rapid switching.

Silicon photo diodes are optical detectors.

Sensitivity: It is the measure of ability of a detector and determines how weak a
signal can be detected.

Responsivity: The ability of the optical detector to respond quickly to the
changing light pulses that are rapidly switching on and off is called responsivity.

Q.25. Derive the relation between distance of object, distance of image and
radius of curvature of a convex spherical surface, when refraction takes
place from a rarer medium of refractive index
1
to a denser medium of
refractive index
2
and the image produced is real. State assumptions and
convention of signs used.
Or

Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image of an object placed
between the optical center and focus of the convex lens. Write the
characteristics of image formed. Using this diagram, derive the relation
between object distance, image distance and focal length of the convex
lens. Write the assumptions and convention of signs used.

Ans. Sign Conventions:

All the distances are to be measured from the pole of the surface.
i) The distances measured in the same direction as the incident light
are taken as positive.
ii) Distances measured in the direction opposite to the direction of the incident
light are taken as negative.

Assumption:

(1) Object is taken as a point object lying on the principal axis.
(2) The aperture of refracting surface is small.
(3) The incident ray form the object strikes the surface at a point very close to
principal axis so that angles of incidence the refraction are very small.

Derivation:


Consider a point object O on the principal axis. A ray ON is incident at N and
refracts along NI. Another ray OM goes undeviated to meet the previous ray at I.
Thus I is the real image of the object O.

Let
1
=Refractive index of medium I
2
= Refractive index of medium II, such that
2 1
>
For small apertures, we have
In ONC,

i = NOM+ NCM ..(1)
In ONM,

MN
tan NOM = = NOM
OM
(Q angle is small)

MN
tan NCM = = NCM
MC
(Q angle is small)

Substituting this values in Eq. (i)

MN MN
i = +
OM MC

Again in ONC, r = NCM- NIM
In
MN
NIM, tan NIM = = NIM
MI
for small angle
tan
MN
NCM = = NCM
MC
for small angle.
Substituting in Eq. (2),
MN MN
r = =
MC MI

Using snells law
2
2
1
sini
' = =
sin r

1 2
sini = sin r.


Hence for small angles

1
MN MN MN
+ -
OM MC MI

or
2
1 2 1
-
+ =
OM MI MC

Using convention, OM =-u; MI = + v; MC = + R, the above equation becomes

1 2 2 1
2 1 2 1
-
+ =
-u v +R
-
+ =
v u R

If medium I is air then
1
=1and =

1 -1
+ =
v u R

Or

AB is an object placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens
between its optical center O and focus F. A B is the erect, virtual and magnified
image.

ABOandA'B' O are similar.
AB BO
=
A' B' B'O
(1)
MOFand A'B' F are similar.
MO OF
=
A'B' B'F

But MO =AB

AB OF
=
A'B' B' O+ OF

From (i) and (ii),
BO OF
=
B' O B' O+ OF

Using new Cartesian sign connection, we get
BO =- u, B' O=- v, Of =+f

-u f
=
-v -v + f

or uv - uf = -vf
or uv = uf vf

Dividing both sides by uvf, we get

1 1 1
= -
f v u

This is the required relation for a convex lens.

Q.26. What is a choke coil? Why is it preferred to resistance in a.c. circuits?

In figures (a), (b) and (c) are shown three a.c. circuits with equal currents. If
the frequency of e.m.f. be increased, then what will be the effect on the
currents flowing in them? Explain with reason.

Ans. Chock coil is an inductor of large inductance used to control the flow of current in
an a.c. circuit.

If a resistance is used to control the current, electrical energy is wasted in the
form of heat. A choke coil decreases the current without wasting electrical energy
in the form of heat.

(a) Resistance R does not change with frequency, so current remains unaffected.
(b) As
L
X f, , so current decreases with the increase in frequency.
(c) As
c
X 1 f , so current increases with the increase in frequency.

Q.27. Draw a circuit diagram of a common emitter amplifier using n- p- n
transistor. Show input and output voltages graphically.


The current gain for common emitter amplifier is 59. If the emitter current is
6.0 mA, find (i) base current and (ii0 collector current.

Ans. The circuit diagram of a common emitter amplifier using n- p-n transistor is
given below.

Numerical: = 59
59
= =
1+ 60

But
C
E
I
=
I

C E
B E c
59
I = .I = 6mA = 5.9mA
60
I = I - I = 6.0- 5.9 = 0.1mA

Useful Constants:

9 2 2
0
1
910 Nm C-
4
=
-7 -2
o
-34
-19
-19
-31
o
8 -1
= 410 NA
h = 6.610 Js
1u = 931MeV
1eV =1.610 C
e =1.610 C
m = 9.110 kg
c = 310 ms

PHYSICS (THEORY) - 2003
(SET II DELHI BOARD)

Class XII (Delhi Board Papers)

Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70
General Instructions:

(i) All questions are compulsory.

(ii) Internal choices have been provided in some questions. You have to attempt
only one of the choices in such questions.

(iii) Question numbers 1 to 5 are very short answer questions, carrying 1 mark
each. These questions are to be answered in one word or a sentences.

(iv) Question numbers 6 to 12 are short answer questions, carrying 2 marks each.
Their answers may not normally exceed 40 words each.

(v) Question numbers 13 to 24 are also short answer questions, carrying 3 marks
each. Their answer may not normally exceed 60 words each.

(vi) Question numbers 25 to 27 are long answer questions, each carrying 5
marks. Answers to them should not normally exceed 100 words each.

(vii) Use of calculators is not permitted. However, you may use log tables, if
necessary.

Q. 1. A wire of resistivity '' is stretched to twice its length. What will be its new
resistivity?

Ans. Resistivity remains unaffected.

Q. 2. Define one henry.

Ans. The inductance of a coil is one henry if a rate of change of current of 1 ampere
per second induces an e.m.f. of volt in it.

Q. 3. Two heater wires of the same dimensions are first connected in series and
then in parallel to a source of supply. What will be the ratio of heat
produced in the two cases?

Ans.
s P
P S
H R R 2
= = =1: 4
H R 2R

Q. 4. How does the (i) pole strength and (ii) magnetic moment of each part
of a bar magnet change if it is cut into two equal pieces along its length?

Ans. Each piece is a magnet with reduced pole strength and reduced magnetic
moment.

Q. 7. A nucleus
n
mX emits one alpha particle and one beta particle. Find the
mass number and atomic number of the product nucleus.

Ans.
0
1 2
m m - 4 m - 4
n n-2 n-1
4He
- e
X X X
- decay - decay

Mass number of product nucleus = m 4
Atomic number of product nucleus = n 1.

Q.11. What is an electric line of force? Sketch lines of force due to two equal
positive charges placed at a small distance apart in air.

Ans. An electric line of force is a curve the tangent to which at any point gives the
direction of electric field at that point.

Electric lines of force of two equal positive charges

Q.12. Ina copper voltmeter, a varying electric current, as shown in graph, Is
passed. The mass of copper deposited at the end of 30 seconds is m
grams. Using the graph, find the value of e. c. e. of copper in
-1
gC .


Ans. Charged passed, q = area under OABC

( )
1
5 15 0.1 1C
2
= + =
As m = zq
-1
m mgram
e.c.e.= z = = = mgC
q 1C

Q.13. How do we make the choice of a communication channel? A message
signal has a bandwidth of 5 MHz. Suggest a possible communication
channel for its transmission.

Ans. The choice of communication channel is made on the basis of the nature of the
signal or the frequency band to be transmitted.
Coaxial cable can be used to transmit a message signal of bandwidth 5 MHz.

Q.17. Why is interference pattern not detected, when two coherent sources are
far apart?

In Youngs experiment, the width of the fringes obtained with light of
wavelength 6000
o
A is 2.0 mm. Calculate the fringe width if the entire
apparatus is immersed in a liquid medium of refractive index 1. 33.

Ans. When the separation between the two coherent sources is large, the fringe width
will be very small and fringes will not be separately visible.

Numerical: Fringe width in air,
D
=
d

Fringe width in liquid
D' D 2.0mm
' = = = = ; 1.5mm
d d 1.33


Q.25. Draw a circuit diagram of a common emitter amplifier using p n- p
transistor. Show graphically input and output voltages separately.
The current gain for common emitter amplifier is 69. If the emitter current is
7.0 mA, find (i) base current and (ii) collector current.

Ans. Amplifier using p- n p transistor: The circuit diagram of p-n-p common
emitter transistor (common emitter configuration) is shown. Positive terminal of
battery
BE
V is connected to the emitter while negative terminal of battery
CE
V is
connected to the collector of p- n- p transistor. Input signal is applied across the
emitter and base and output signal is obtained across emitter collector.

During the positive half cycle of a. c. input, base becomes less negative as base
is connected to negative terminal of battery
BE
V i. e., emitter will become less
positive. As the forward bias of emitter decreases, the emitter current will
decrease which in turn will decrease the collector current. As the collector current
decreases, the potential drop across
CE
V will decrease and hence according to
equation.
c CE C L
V = V - I .R
The collector voltage V
C
will increase.

Now, as collector is connected to negative pole of
CE
V battery, the increase in
collector voltage means that the collector will become negative, i.e., negative
output half cycle will be obtained. Thus corresponding to positive half cycle of
a.c. input, negative half cycle is obtained.

Similarly, corresponding to negative half cycle of a.c. input, positive half cycle is
obtained.

Numerical:
69 69
1 1 69 70
=
+ +

C B
B E c
69
I = .I = 7 = 6.9mA
70
I - I - E = 7.0 - 6.9 = 0.1m

Phy 12 2003

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Phy 12 2003

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Get the best brains on your side.

Watch Topper TV! Log on to www.topperlearning.com

per metre of their

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi