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Preface

We are thankful to Almighty ALLAH Who gave us an opportunity to write
the book , named Applied Mathematics-I as Textbook of Diploma of Associate
Engineer (DAE), intending to cover the new syllabus for the first year students

Throughout the book, emphasis is on correct methods of computation,
transposition of formulae, logical layout of solutions, neatness and clarity of
arrangement of material , systematic use of all the normal mathematical and other
tables.

This book covers topics including algebra, trigonometry, vectors & scalars,
matrices & determinants and mensuration.

Normally students face difficulty in solving complicated problems because
they do not make a systematic attempt. We have attempted to help the students to
overcome the difficulty by providing detailed instructions for an orderly approach.
Difficult procedures and types of problems appearing in the exercise are illustrated
by carefully explained examples. In the presentation of these illustrated examples,
we have avoided unnecessary explanations. It is hoped that this book will help to
give students a good foundation in old and new techniques.

Students are reminded that in order to acquire a proper understanding of the
subject and its application, it is necessary to learn a number of sound basic rules and
methods.No scientific or engineering subject can be fully comprehended and
satisfactorily studied without a sound mathematical background.

We would like to express , sincere and thanks to Mr.Jawad Ahmed Qureshi
Chief Operating Officer TEVTA,Engr. Mr.Azhar Iqbal Shad G.M
Academic,Engr.Mazhar Abbas Naqvi Manager (Curriculum) and Engr. Syed
Muhammad Waqar ud- Din Deputy Director(technical ) Curriculum Section Acade
mics Wing, who took keen interest and inspired us for the completion of this task.

We made every effort to make the book valuable both for students and
teachers , however we shall gratefully welcome to receive any suggestion for the
further improvement of the book.

Authors.



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A Textbook of

MATHEMATICS-I
for Math113
First year
Diploma of Associate Engineer
(DAE)


Authors/MDS

Sanaullah Khan Tahir Hameed Nasir-ud-Din Mahmood
Associate Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Govt. College of Tech. Govt. College of Tech. Govt. College of Tech.
RailwayRoad Lahore Raiwind Road, Lahore for Printing&Graphic Arts

Reviewed by(MEC)

Muhammad Javaid Iqbal Syed Tanvir Haider
Associate Professor Assistant Professor
Govt. College of Tech. Govt. College of Tech.
RailwayRoad Lahore Raiwind Road Lahore






Including:
Objective Type
and
Short Questions
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CONTENTS MATH 113



Chapter 1 Quadratic Equation 1 26
1.1 Equation:
1.2 Degree of an Equation
1.3 Polynomial Equation of Degree n
1.4 Linear and Cubic Equation
1.5 Quadratic Equation
1.6 Roots of the Equation
1.7 Methods of Solving Quadratic Equation
Exercise 1.1
1.8 Classification of Numbers
1.9 Nature of the roots of the Equation
1.10 Sum and Product of the Roots
Exercise 1.3
1.11 Formation of Quadratic Equation from the given roots
Exercise 1.4
Summary
Short Questions
Objective Type Questions
Chapter 2 Sequences and Series 27 61
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Sequences
2.3 Progression
2.4 Arithmetic Sequence
2.5 nth term or General term(or, last term)of an Arithmetic
Progression
Exercise 2.1
2.6 Arithmetic Mean
2.7 n Arithmetic Means between a and b
Exercise 2.2
2.8 Arithmetic Series
Exercise 2.3
2.9 Geometric Sequence or Progression (G.P)
2.10 nth term or General term(or, last term) of a Geometric Progression (G.P)
Exercise 2.4
2.11 Geometric Mean
2.12 n G.Ms Between a and b
Exercise 2.5
2.13 Geometric Series
PAPER A From Chapter 1 to 7
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Exercise 2.6
2.14 Infinite Geometric Sequence
2.14 Recurring Decimals
Exercise 2.7
Summary
Short questions
Objective Type Questions

Chapter 3 Binomial Theorem 62 82
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Factorial of a Positive Integer
3.3 Combination
3.4 The Binomial Theorem
3.5 General Term
3.6 Middle Term in the Expansion (a + b)
n
Exercise 3.1
2.7 Binomial Series
3.8 Application of the Binomial Series; Approximations:
Exercise 3.2
Summary
Short Questions
Objective Type Questions

Chapter 4 Partial Fractions 83 106
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Partial fractions
4.3 Polynomial
4.4 Rational fraction
4.5 Proper Fraction
4.6 Improper Fraction
4.7 Process of Finding Partial Fraction
4.8 Type I
Exercise 4.1
4.9 Type II
Exercise 4.2
4.10 Type III
Exercise 4.3
4.11 Type IV
Exercise 4.4
Summary
Short Questions
Objective Type Questions
Chapter 5 Fundamentals of Trigonometry 107 140
5.1 Introduction
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5.2 Types of Trigonometry
5.3 Angle
5.4 Quadrants
5.5 Measurement of Angles
5.6 Relation between Degree and Radian Measure
5.7 Relation between Length of a Circular Arc and the Radian Measure of its
Central Angle
Exercise 5.1
5.8 Trigonometric Function and Ratios
5.9 Reciprocal Functions
5.10 Rectangular Co-ordinates and Sign Convention
5.11 Signs of Trigonometric Functions
5.12 Trigonometric Ratios of Particular Angles
Exercise 5.2
5.13 Fundamental Identities
Exercise 5.3
5.14 Graph of Trigonometric Functions
Summary
Short Questions
Objective Type Questions
Chapter 6 General Identities 141 171
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Distance formula
6.3 Fundamental law of trigonometry
6.4 Deductions from fundamental law
Exercise 6.1
6.5 Double Angle Identities

6.6 Half Angle identities
6.7 Triple angle identities
Exercise 6.2
6.8 Conversion of sum or difference to products
6.9 Converting Products to Sum or Difference
Exercise 6.3

Short Questions
Objective Type Questions
Chapter 7 Solution of Triangles 172 192
7.1 Solution of Triangles
Exercise 7.1
7.2 Application of Right Angled Triangles
7.3 Angle of Elevation and Depression
Exercise 7.2
7.4 Law of Sines
Exercise7.3
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7.5 The Law of Cosines
Exercise 7.4
7.6 Solution of Oblique Triangles
Exercise 7.5
Summary
Short Questions
Objective Type Questions



Chapter 8 Vectors and Scalars 193 221
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Scalars and Vectors
8.3 Vector Representations
8.4 Types of Vectors
8.5 Addition and Subtraction of Vectors
8.6 Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar
8.7 The Unit Vectors i, j, k (orthogonal system of unit Vectors)
8.8 Representation of a Vector in the form of Unit Vectors i, j and k.
8.9 Components of a Vector when the Tail is not at the Origin
8.10 Magnitude or Modulus of a Vector
8.11 Direction Cosines
Exercise8.1
8.12 Product of Vectors
8.13 Rectangular form of a x b (Analytical expression of

)
Exercise 8.2
Summary
Short Questions
Objective Type Question
Chapter 9 Matrices and Determinants 222 261
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Matrix
9.3 Some types of matrices
9.4 Operations on matrices
Exercise 9.1
9.5 Determinants
9.6 Minor and Cofactor of Element
9.7 Properties of the Determinant
9.8 Solution of Linear Equations by Determinants
Exercise 9.2
9.9 Special Matrices
9.11 Solution of Linear Equations by Matrices
Exercise 9.3
Summary
PAPER B From Chapter 8 to 19

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Short Questions
Objective type Exercise
Chapter 10 Area of triangles 262275
10.1 Introduction to Mensuration
10.2 Plane Figures
10.3 Triangle
10.4 Area of Triangles
Exercise 10
Summary
Short Questions
Objective type Questions
Chapter 11 Area of Quadrilateral 275 287
11.1 Quadrilateral
11.2 Area of Quadrilateral
Exercise 11
Summary
Short Questions
Objective Type Exercise
Chapter 12 Area of Polygons 288298
12.1 Polygon
12.2 Method for Finding Area of Regular Polygon
Exercise 12
Summary
Short Questions
Objective Type Questions
Chapter 13 Area of Circle 299 312
13.1 Circle
13.2 Area of the Circle
13.3 Concentric Circles
13.4 Sector of a Circle
13.5 Area of Segment
13.6 Ellipse
Exercise 13
Summary
Short Questions
Objective Type Questions
Chapter 14 Area of Irregular Plane Figures 313 321
14.1 Mid Ordinate Rule
14.2 Trapezoidal Rule
14.3 Simpsons Rule
Exercise 14
Summary
Short Questions
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Objective Type Questions
Chapter 15 Mensuration of Solid 322 334
15.1 Solid
15.2 Mensuration of Prisms
15.3 Surface Area of a Prims
15.4 Volume of a Prism
15.5 Types of a Prism
15.6 Frustum of a Prism
Exercise 15
Summary
Short Questions
Objective Type Questions
Chapter 16 Mensuration of Cylinder 335 343
16.1 Cylinder
16.2 Volume and Surface area of Different Kinds of Cylinders
16.3 Frustum of a Right Circular Cylinder
Exercise 16
Summary
Short Questions
Objective Type Questions
Chapter 17 Mensuration of Pyramid 344 356
17.1 Pyramid
17.2 Right or Regular Pyramid
17.3 The surface area and Volume of a Regular Pyramid
Exercise 17(A)
17.4 Frustum of a Pyramid
17.5 Volume and surface area of Frustum of a Regular Pyramid
Exercise 17(B)
Summary
Short Questions
Objective Type Questions
Chapter 18 Mensuration of Cone 357 367
18.1 Cone
18.2 Volume and Surface area of a Right Circular Cone
Exercise 18(A)
18.3 Frustum of Cone
18.4 Volume and Surface area of the Frustum of a Cone
Exercise 18(B)
Summary
Short Questions
Objective Type Questions
Chapter 19 Mensuration of Sphere 368 378
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19.1 Sphere
19.2 Surface Area and Volume of a Sphere
Exercise 19(A)
19.3 Zone (Frustum) of a Sphere
19.4 Volume and Surface Area of the Zone
19.5 Spherical Segment or Cap of a Sphere
19.6 Volume and Surface Area of Spherical Segment
19.7 Sector of Sphere
Exercise 19(B)
Summary
Short Questions
Objective Type Questions