PR 1

BITS Pilani, Deemed to be University under Section 3 of UGC Act, 1956
Training on FEA using ANSYS

dmk@goa.bits-pilani.ac.in
Planned Lab Sessions
P# Lab Session
P1 Structural Linear Analysis (1-D, 2-D, 3-D) | Plane Stress & Plane Strain Analysis
P2 Structural Non-Linear Analysis
P3 Thermal Analysis (Steady State: Conduction, Convection, Mixed Boundary
Conditions), Transient
P4 Dynamic Analysis (Modal, Harmonic and Transient)
P5 Coupled (Thermal-Structural)
P6 Failure Analysis: Buckling (Linear & Non-Linear)
P7 Failure Analysis: Fatigue, Creep and Fracture
P8 SubModelling
P9 Sub-Structuring
P10 APDL Programming
P11 Generation of Analytic Curves; Straight line, Circle, Ellipse, Parabola and Hyperbola
using MATLAB
P12 Generation of Synthetic Curves: Hermite, Cubic, Bezier using MATLAB
P13 Solving FEMproblemusing MATLAB
P-1
Structural Linear Analysis
(1-D, 2-D, 3-D)
Plane Stress & Plane Strain Analysis]
Model Example-1
A rectangular plate of size: Length 4, Width 2 and Thickness 2,
is subjected to a load of 900 unit along the length direction. E
= 2X10
5,
Poissions Ratio = 0.33.
Find out the deflection and tensile stress in X-
direction. Compare your results with a theoretical solution.
Theoretical Solution:
2
/ 225
2 2
900
) ( mm N
A
P
x
=
= = o
mm
AE
PL
x
0045 . 0
10 2 ) 2 2 (
4 900
) (
5
=

= = o
Element Selection
PLANE82 (Structural)
Element Selection
PLANE82 (Structural)
ET, ITYPE, Ename, KOP1, KOP2, KOP3, KOP4, KOP5, KOP6,
Defines a local element type from the element library.
/TITLE,2-D PLATE STRESS ANALYSIS
!PRE-PROCESSING BEGINS
/PREP7
!DEFINE ELEMENT
ET,1,82,,,3 !ACTIVATE THICKNESS OPTION BY GIVING KOPT(3)=3
R,1,2 !DEFINE THICKNESS AS 2 (YOU CAN CHANGE AND CHECK
RESULTS! !(HOWEVER, YOU NEED TO CHANGE THE LOAD PER NODE)
!DEFINE MATERIAL PROPS
MP,EX,1,2E5 !DEFINE YOUNG'S MODULUS
MP,NUXY,1,0.33 !DEFINE POISSON RATIO
!DEFINE SOLID MODELLING
RECTG,,4,,2 !MODELLING A RECTANGLE
APLOT !PLOT AREAS (HERE, PLOT OR SHOW THE RECTANGLE)
Define Model & Material Properties | Pre-Processing
Define Mesh | Pre-Processing
!DEFINE MESH SIZE
KESIZE,ALL,0.5
!MESH THE AREA
AMESH,1 !MESH AREA '1'
EPLOT !PLOT ELEMENTS
FINI
SAVE
PLOT CONTROLS: NUMBERING
PLOT CONTROLS: NUMBERING
KPLOT & KPT NUMBERING
LPLOT & LINE NUMBERING
How to find Element Numbers?
EPLOT !With Element numbers activated
How to find out Node-Numbers?
NPLOT !With Node numbers activated
ELIST !LIST ALL ELEMENT DETAILS
NLIST !LIST ALL NODE DETAILS
/SOLU !ACTIVATE SOLN PHASE
!DEFINE SUPPORT
NSEL,S,LOC,X,0 !SELECT ALL NODES WITH X=0 LOCATION
D,ALL,UX,0 !CONSTRAIINT ALL NODES IN X & Y DIRN
NSEL,ALL !SELECT ALL NODES
NSEL,S,LOC,X,4 !SELECT ALL NODES WITH X=4 LOCATION
F,ALL,FX,100 !APPLY FORCE ON ALL NODES 100 UNIT PER NODE (TOT=
9NODES X 100N/NODE = 900 N)
NSEL,ALL
SOLVE
Solution Phase
Deformed Shape with Un-deformed
Click: General Postprocessor Plot Results Deformed Shape Def + Undeformed
Tensile Stress in X-Direction
Average Stress = 900 / 2X2 = 225
Local Stresses because of local nodal loads. Can be reduced by
fine mesh at corners
Click: General Postprocessor Plot Results Contour Plot Nodal Solu Stress
X-Comp
Comparative Results based on Various Mesh Size
Mesh = 0.125
33 Nodes
27.27 Unit load per node
You can observe the refinement in results, local stresses (red, orange, yellow
and green zones) are reduced because of fine mesh.
Mesh = 0.25
17 Nodes
53 Unit load per node
Mesh = 0.5
9 Nodes
100 Unit load per node
Comparative Results based on Various Mesh Size
mm
AE
PL
lSolution Theoritica
x
0045 . 0
10 2 ) 2 2 (
4 900
) ( :
5
=

= = o
FEA
Solution
0.004307
Model Example-2
A 2-D cantilever beamLength 80, Width 20 and Thickness 1, is
subjected to a load of 100 unit at the end in ve y-direction. E
= 2X10
5,
Poissions Ratio = 0.33.
Find out the deflection of end point and tensile Stress
in X-direction. Compare your results with a theoretical
solution.
80 Length
2
0

W
i
d
t
h
P = 100
Thickness 1
(you can change and check the results)
2
3
/ 120
2
20
12
20 1
80 100
) ( mm N y
I
M
b
x b
=

= = o
mm
EI
PL
128 . 0
12
20 1
10 2 3
80 100
3
3
5
3 3
=
|
|
.
|
\
|

= = o
Define Model and Material Props
/TITLE,2-D BEAM STRESS ANALYSIS
/PREP7
!DEFINE ELEMENT!
R,1,1 !DEFINE THICKNESS AS 1 (YOU CAN CHANGE AND CHECK RESULTS)
!DEFINE MATERIAL PROPS!
MP,EX,1,2E5 !DEFINE YOUNG'S MODULUS
MP,NUXY,1,0.33 !DEFINE POISSON RATIO
RECTG,,80,,20 !MODELLING A RECTANGLE
APLOT
Define Mesh
!DEFINE MESH SIZE
KESIZE,1,2 !SPECIFY ELEMENT SIZE NEAR KEYPOINT '1'
FINI
SAVE
!PRE-PROCESSING ENDS
Solution Phase
!ENTER SOLUTION PHASE
/SOLU
!DEFINE SUPPORT
NSEL,S,LOC,X,0 !NODES IN LINE X=0 IS SELECTED
D,ALL,ALL,0 !ALL DOF CONSTRAINED
NSEL,ALL
!DEFINE LOAD
FK,3,FY,-100 !FORCE DEFNED ON KEYPOINT
SOLVE
Deformation Plot
Check the deformation at free end (U
Y
)
mm
EI
PL
128 . 0
12
20 1
10 2 3
80 100
3
3
5
3 3
=
|
|
.
|
\
|

= = o
FEM Solution: 0.13 mm
Bending Stress Plot
Click: General Postprocessor Plot Results Contour Plot Nodal Solu Stress
X-Comp
2
3
/ 120
2
20
12
20 1
80 100
) ( mm N y
I
M
b
x b
=

= = o
FEM Solution: 128 N/mm
2
Model Problem-3
A 2-D simply supported beam of 80X20 with thickness 20 is
subjected to a central load of 10,000 unit load. E = 200X10
5
.
Find out the central deflection of end point and tensile
Stress in X-direction. Compare your results with a theoretical
solution.
2
3
/ 150
2
20
12
20 20
40 5000
) ( mm N y
I
M
b
x b
=
= = o
mm
EI
PL
008 . 0
12
20 1
10 2 48
80 100
48
3
5
3 3
=
|
|
.
|
\
|

= = o
Define Mesh
/TITLE,2-D BEAM STRESS ANALYSIS
/PREP7
!STEP1! DEFINE ELEMENT!
R,1,20 !DEFINE THICKNESS AS 1 (YOU CAN CHANGE AND CHECK RESULTS)
!DEFINE MATERIAL PROPS!
MP,EX,1,2E5
MP,NUXY,1,0.33
RECTNG,,80,,20
APLOT
Define Mesh
HPTCREATE,LINE,3,5,COORD,40,20
!DEFINE MESH SIZE
KESIZE,ALL,2
!MESH THE AREA
FINI
SAVE
!PRE-PROCESSING ENDS
!ENTER SOLUTION PHASE
Solution Phase
/SOLU
!DEFINE SUPPORT
DK,1,UY,0
DK,1,UX,0
DK,2,UY,0
FK,5,FY,-10000
SOLVE
!SOLUTION PHASE ENDS
Deformed with Un-Deformed Plot
Stress Plot (SigmaX)
2
3
/ 150
2
20
12
20 20
40 5000
) ( mm N y
I
M
b
x b
=
= = o
FEM Solution: 143 N/mm
2
Model Problem-4
A compression disc of diameter 5, is compressed by a
pressure of 500 on the upper half of its circumference.
Determine contact stress. E = 200X10
5
.
Compare this solution with a an equivalent load to be
applied at the topmost point of disc.
Define a Solid Model
/TITLE,2-D DISC COMPRESSION STRESS ANALYSIS
/PREP7
ET,1,82,,,3
R,1,3
MP,EX,1,2E5
MP,NUXY,0.33
PCIRC,0,5
APLOT
Define Mesh
KESIZE,ALL,0.5
FINI
SAVE
Solution | Boundary Conditions
/SOLU
!DEFINE SUPPORT
SFL,1,PRES,100
SFL,2,PRES,100
DL,3,1,SYMM
DL,4,1,SYMM
SOLVE
Deformed Plot
Stress Plot: VonMises
Model Problem-5
2-D Hollow Cylinder of internal radius 5 and external radius 7,
is subjected to an internal pressure of 10.
(a) Determine using 1/4
th
solid domain:
1] Radial deflection
2] Hoop (Tangential) Stress
E = 200X10
5
.
(b) Solve the same problemwith solid domain
(c) Solve the same problem with 3/4
th
solid domain
Hoop stress = p
i
d
i
/2t= 25 N/mm
2
Model Problem-5
!INTERNALLY PRESSURIZED CYLINDER
/PREP7
PCIRC,5,7,0,90 !CREATING A ANNULAR QUARTER CIRCLE (Chk with 0,180)
ET,1,PLANE82
ESIZE,0.25
AMESH, ALL
MP,EX,1,200E5
MP,PRXY,1,0.3
FINISH
Model Problem-5
/SOLU
ANTYPE,0 ! STATIC ANALYSIS
DL,2,1,UX,0
DL,4,1,UY,0
SFL,3,PRES,10
SOLVE
FINI
Model Problem-5
Stress Plot: Sigma-X & Sigma-Y
Hoop stress = pd
i
/2t= 25 N/mm
2
| Radial stress = pressure = 10 N/mm
2
Stress Plot: Principal Stress
Hoop stress = pd
i
/2t= 25 N/mm
2
| Radial stress = pressure = 10 N/mm
2

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BITS Pilani, Deemed to be University under Section 3 of UGC Act, 1956

Training on FEA using ANSYS

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