SULIT -8-

SECTION A
QUESTION 1

(a) Explain the following terms according to the antenna design.
(i) Radiation pattern
(3 Marks)
(ii) Half-power beamwidth, HPBW.
(3 Marks)
(iii) First-null beamwidth, FNBW
(2 Marks)

(b) A monopole antenna is radiating in free-space. The total electric field (E

)
measured at a distance of 150m from the antenna is 10 V/m. Find the:
(i) power density (W
rad
)
(4 Marks)
(ii) power radiated (P
rad
)
(5 Marks)

(c) Find the half-power beamwidth (HPBW) and first-null beamwidth (FNBW), in
radians and degrees for the following normalized radiation intensities:
(i) 2 cos U
(4 Marks)
(ii) 2 cos
2
U
(4 Marks)





QUESTION 2




SULIT -9-
(a) Explain the radiation mechanism for the antenna.
(7 Marks)

(b) A horizontal infinitesimal electric dipole of constant current, I
0
is placed
symmetrically about the origin and directed along the x-axis. Derive the:
(i) far-zone fields radiated by the dipole.
(7 Marks)
(ii) directivity of the antenna.
(11 Marks)



















SECTION B
QUESTION 3




SULIT -10-
(a) Why the matching network is important to the antenna design?
(3 Marks)

(b) A linear dipole with an input impedance of 70 + j37 is connected to a 50 line.
Design a three-section /4 binomial transformer by specifying the characteristic
impedance of each section to match the antenna at f = f
0
. If the input impedance
(at the point the transformer is connected) is assumed to remain constant as a
function of frequency, determine the maximum reflection coefficient and VSWR
within a fractional bandwidth of 0.375.
(10 Marks)

(c) The free-space impedance at the center point of the driven element of a 15 MHz
Yagi-Uda array is 25 j25 . Assuming the diameters of the wires of a T-match
are 1.9x10
-3
and 6.35x10
-4
, the center-to-center spacing between the wire is
7.62x10
-3
and the length l/2 of each T-match rod is 0.0285. Find the:

(i) input impedance of the T-match.
(9 Marks)
(ii) input capacitance that will resonate the antenna.
(2 Marks)
(iii) capacitance that must be used in each leg to resonate the antenna.
(1 Mark)





QUESTION 4

(a) List three (3) applications of pyramidal horn antenna to the commercial
industries?



SULIT -11-
(3 Mark)

(b) Design an optimum gain X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) pyramidal horn so that its gain
(above isotropic) at f = 11 GHz is 17.05 dB. The horn is fed by a WR 90
rectangular waveguide with inner dimension of a = 2.286 cm and b = 1.016 cm.
Use X
1
= 2.96795 as an accurate iteration.
(15 Marks)

(c) Given an E-plane horn antenna parameters as
1
= 6, b
1
= 3.47 and a = 0.5.
Compute (in dB) its pattern at = 0, 10 and 20 using the results of universal
patterns for E-plane.
(7 Marks)














QUESTION 5

(a) Sketch the following feeds type according to the microstrip antenna design.
(i) Microstrip line feed.
(2 Marks)



SULIT -12-
(ii) Probe feed.
(2 Marks)
(iii) Proximity-coupled feed.
(2 Marks)

(b) A microstrip transmission line of beryllium oxide (
r
= 6.8) has a width-to-height
ratio of w/h = 1.5. Assuming that the thickness-to-height ratio is t/h = 0,
determine:
(i) effective dielectric constant
(3 Marks)
(ii) characteristic impedance of the line
(2 Marks)

(c) Design a rectangular microstrip antenna so that it will resonate at 2 GHz. The
idealistic lossless substrate (RT/Duroid 6010.2) has a dielectric constant of 10.2
and a height of 0.127 cm.

(i) Determine the physical dimensions (width and length) of the patch
antenna.
(6 Marks)
(ii) Approximate range of lengths between the two radiating slots of the
rectangular patch, if we want the input impedance (taking into account
both radiating slots) to be real.
(2 Marks)

(iii) What is the real input impedance of Part (ii)? Neglect coupling.
(3 Marks)
(iv) Find the location (from the leading radiating slot) of coaxial feed so
that the total input impedance is 150 .
(3 Marks)