Mechanics of Solids (VDB1063)

Shear Formula
Lecturer: Dr. Montasir O. Ahmed
Learning Outcomes
To evaluate the shear stressby applying the shear formula
LECTURE OUTLINES
Shear in Straight Members
The Shear Formula
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Transverse shear stress always has its associated longitudinal shear stress acting
along longitudinal planes of the beam.
Shear in Straight Members
Effects of Shear Stresses:
Shear in Straight Members
As a result of shear stress, shear strain will be developed and these
will tend to distort the cross section in a complex manner (warping).
When beam is subjected to bending as well as shear, the cross
section will not remain plane as assumed in the application of the
flexure formula. However, for slender beams, this cross sectional
warping is small and can be neglected.
The Shear Formula
Shear Formula for longitudinal and transverse shear stress:
Q =

= Is the area of the top/bottom portion of the members cross sectional area, above/below
the section plane where t is measured.
= Is the distance from the NA to the centroid of

where
= shear stress in a member at point located a distance from
the neutral axis.
V = the internal resultant shear force, determined from the method of
sections and the equations of equilibrium.
I = the moment of inertia of the entire cross sectional area calculated about the NA.
t = width of the members cross sectional area, measured at the point where is to be determined.
Flat Sections
7
Limitation on the use of the shear formula:
The Shear Formula
Flexure formula was used in the derivation of the shear formula. Therefore, it is
necessary that the material behave in a linear elasticmanner.
Flange-web junction Cross section with an
irregular or
nonrectangular boundary
The Shear Formula
Internal Shear
Section the member
perpendicular to its axis and
obtain V
Section Properties
Determine the location of NA
Determine I for the entire cross section about the NA
Pass an imaginary horizontal section through the point
where the is to be determined
Measure t
Determine A
/ ,
Q = y
-/
A
/
Shear Stress
Apply the shear
stress formula
Procedure for application the shear formula
EXAMPLE 1
A steel wide-flange beam has the dimensions shown in Fig. 711a.
If it is subjected to a shear of V = 80kN, plot the shear-stress
distribution acting over the beams cross-sectional area.
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
EXAMPLE 1 (cont)
The moment of inertia of the cross-sectional area about the neutral axis is
For point B, t
B
= 0.3m, and A is the dark
shaded area shown in Fig. 711c
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Solutions
( )( )
( )( ) ( )( )( ) ( )
4 6 2 3
3
m 10 6 . 155 11 . 0 02 . 0 3 . 0 02 . 0 3 . 0
12
1
2
2 . 0 015 . 0
12
1

=
(

+ +
(

= I
| |( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
MPa 13 . 1
3 . 0 10 6 . 155
10 66 . 0 10 80
m 10 66 . 0 02 . 0 3 . 0 11 . 0 ' '
6
3 3
'
'
'
3 3
'
= = =
= = =

B
B
B
B
It
VQ
A y Q
t
EXAMPLE 1 (cont)
For point B, t
B
= 0.015m, and Q
B
= Q
B
,
For point C, t
C
= 0.015m, and A is
the dark shaded area in Fig. 711d.
Considering this area to be composed of two rectangles,
Thus,
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Solutions
( ) ( )
( )( )
MPa 6 . 22
015 . 0 10 6 . 155
10 66 . 0 10 80
6
3 3
= = =

B
B
B
It
VQ
t
( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) ( )
3 3
m 10 735 . 0 1 . 0 015 . 0 05 . 0 02 . 0 3 . 0 11 . 0 ' '

= +

= = A y Q
C
( )( )( )
( )( )
MPa 2 . 25
015 . 0 10 6 . 155
10 735 . 0 10 80
6
3 3
max
= = = =

C
c
C
It
VQ
t t
Important Points in this Lecture
There is longitudinal shear stress associated with the transverse shear stresses.
Shear stresses produce nonuniformshear strain.
The shear Formula for longitudinal and transverse shear stress is:
The shear formula cant be applied in predicting shear stress for:
1- Flat Sections
2- Flange-web junction
3- Cross section with an irregular or nonrectangular boundary
=

Next Class
Stress Caused by Combined Loadings
Thank You