Buddhism

SLMS/08
By about 600 BCE, many people in India had become dissatis-
fied with Brahmin power and privilege. Many began to ques-
tion the rigid caste system of Hinduism, and began looking for
other options options that would offer more people greater
hope and a greater sense of equality.
Siddhartha Gautama Siddhartha Gautama Siddhartha Gautama Siddhartha Gautama The Buddha The Buddha The Buddha The Buddha

Siddhartha Gautama was born in 563 BCE, a
prince in the warrior (Kshatriyas) caste. His fa-
ther ruled a kingdom in Nepal, and he grew up in
a life of wealth and privilege.
At the age of 29, Siddhartha ventured outside
the palace and discovered human suffering. He
became upset and wondered about the point of
life. He left his life in the palace to live the life of
a religious ascetic (one who renounces all
worldly things and lives a meager existence).
One day, as Gautama sat under a
Bodhi tree meditating, he achieved
enlightenment. The enlightenment
he received has become the
principal teachings of Buddhism.
Gautama was given the name
Buddha, or enlightened one.
Basic Beliefs Basic Beliefs Basic Beliefs Basic Beliefs

Like Hindus, Buddhists believe in
reincarnation reincarnation reincarnation reincarnation, or the rebirth of the
soul.
They also believe in karma karma karma karma the idea
that the soul carries the effects of
past deeds (good or bad).
They do believe in something called
dharma dharma dharma dharma, but for Buddhists, dharma
represents the teachings of the
Buddha, not the duties of your jati.
Buddhists do not embrace the notion
of the caste system. They believe
people to be equal and able to achieve
enlightenment a concept they call
nirvana nirvana nirvana nirvana.
Teachings of the Buddha Teachings of the Buddha Teachings of the Buddha Teachings of the Buddha

Buddhist teachings are found in the holy book,
the Tripitaka (three baskets of wisdom) or the
Sutras. In these books the Buddha issued The The The The
Four Noble Truths: Four Noble Truths: Four Noble Truths: Four Noble Truths:
1. Dukkha Dukkha Dukkha Dukkha All life is suffering.
2. Samudaya Samudaya Samudaya Samudaya There is a cause
for suffering.
3. Nirodha Nirodha Nirodha Nirodha There is an end to
suffering.
4. Magga Magga Magga Magga In order to end suffer
ing you must follow the eightfold
path.
The Three Trainings or Practices The Three Trainings or Practices The Three Trainings or Practices The Three Trainings or Practices

The Buddha also taught the
Eightfold Path Eightfold Path Eightfold Path Eightfold Path, which is divided into
three mindful practices.
1. Virtue Virtue Virtue Virtue (good conduct, morality)
2. Concentration Concentration Concentration Concentration (meditation,
mental development) Developing
ones mind is the path to wisdom.
3. Wisdom Wisdom Wisdom Wisdom (discern-
ment, enlightenment)
Wisdom will emerge if
your mind is clear and
pure.
The Eightfold Path The Eightfold Path The Eightfold Path The Eightfold Path

The Eightfold Path is the path to enlightenment, and the way to
end suffering. It is sometimes called the Middle Path between
desire and self-denial. It incorporates the three practices.
-Wisdom
Right understanding (of the 4 Noble Truths)
Right thinking (following the right path in life)
-Virtue
Right speech (no lying, criticism, gossip, harsh language)
Right conduct (by following the 5 precepts)
Right livelihood (support yourself without harming others)
-Concentration
Right effort (good thoughts, conquer evil thoughts)
Right mindfulness (be aware of body, mind, feelings)
Right concentration (meditate to achieve higher
consciousness)
The 5 Precepts The 5 Precepts The 5 Precepts The 5 Precepts

Do not kill. Do not kill. Do not kill. Do not kill. (It is
sometimes translated
as not harming.)
Do not steal. Do not steal. Do not steal. Do not steal. (Avoid
fraud/economic
exploitation.)
Do not lie. Do not lie. Do not lie. Do not lie.
Do not misuse sex. Do not misuse sex. Do not misuse sex. Do not misuse sex.
(Monks & nuns must
abstain, no adultury
for married couples.)
Do not consume Do not consume Do not consume Do not consume
alcohol or drugs. alcohol or drugs. alcohol or drugs. alcohol or drugs.
(Nothing to cloud the
mind.)
Sects of Buddhism Sects of Buddhism Sects of Buddhism Sects of Buddhism

Therevada Therevada Therevada Therevada dominates Southeast Asia. The ultimate goal
is to reach nirvana through intense study and meditation.
The practice of meditation was originally restricted to
monks, thus only monks had the hope of achieving
nirvana. Common people were urged to live good lives in
hopes of a better rebirth. It is sometimes referred to as the
lesser vehicle because few people can achieve nirvana.
Mahayana Mahayana Mahayana Mahayana dominates northern Asia (China, Japan,
Korea). The goal is to make sure everyone reaches nirvana.
In fact, one should desire to be reincarnated in order to
help more people reach nirvana. Nirvana is attained
through a normal life without undue focus on study and
meditation. It is sometimes referred to as the greater
vehicle because it offers hope for enlightenment to many.
Zen Zen Zen Zen found primarily in Japan. The entire focus in Zen is
on meditation as a way to gain self-knowledge and
enlightenment.
Tibetan Tibetan Tibetan Tibetan common in areas of the Himalayas such as Tibet
& Nepal. Tibetan Buddhism is similar to Mahayana in that
it focuses on others. Lamas are teachers in the
Tibetan tradition that are exempt from the wheel
of life, death & rebirth. They have come as
teachers to help others attain enlightenment.
Impact of Buddhism Impact of Buddhism Impact of Buddhism Impact of Buddhism

Can be seen in Asian
architecture of the
Pagoda, a style drawn
directly from the Buddhist
stupa (a place for relics).
Many Buddhists, like Hindus,
are vegetarian.
Also like Hindus, Buddhists
worship in temples, but
usually have shirnes in their
homes. Often small
shrines can be seen
along roadways in
Buddhist nations.
In Japan, the influence of
Zen can be seen
in the arts.
Bonsai, tea
ceremonies,
flower arranging, zen gardens
as well as the martial arts of
karate & judo all derive from
the meditation found in zen.
1. Why were people dissatisfied with Hindu-
ism?





2. How did Siddhartha Gautama become the
Buddha? (Give background information.)








3. How do Buddhist beliefs differ from
Hindu?
a. Dharma




b. Caste




4. What are the Four Noble Truths?

a.


b.


c.


d.
5. What are the three mindful practices?






6. Why is the eightfold path sometimes
called the Middle Path?






7. What are the practices of the eightfold
path?





8. Explain the 5 precepts.
a.



b.



c.



d.



e.
Global History Name ___________________________________
Buddhism
9. What do the 5 precepts remind you of?






10. Explain the different sects of Buddhism.
a. Therevada





b. Manayana





c. Zen



d. Tibetan





11. Describe at least 4 ways Buddhism influ-
ences the lives of believers.
Analysis: Analysis: Analysis: Analysis:

12. Why do you think there are certain similarities between Hinduism and Buddhism?
(What are some similarities?)







Hinduism
SLMS/08
Hinduism is one of the worlds oldest religions. It dates back to
the era of the Indus River Valley Civilizations of 2500 BCE,
but really began to take on its more modern shape around
1500 BCE with the invasion of the Aryans. The Aryans mixed
their gods and beliefs with that of the natives of India, and the
result was Hinduism.
Basic Beliefs of Hinduism Basic Beliefs of Hinduism Basic Beliefs of Hinduism Basic Beliefs of Hinduism

Hindus believe in reincarnation reincarnation reincarnation reincarnation, or the life,
death and rebirth of the soul. They believe
that the soul carries with it the effects of
past lives, and that it takes many lifetimes
to reach enlightenment.
The idea that the soul carries
the effects of past deeds or past
lives is known as karma karma karma karma. From
the Hindu perspective, karma
dictates the type of reincarna-
tion you receive. If you have bad
karma from bad deeds in a past
life, you may be reincarnated into a diffi-
cult life as a form of cosmic pay-back.
Dharma Dharma Dharma Dharma is the divine order and balance of
things. Each individual has the responsibil-
ity to maintain order and balance in their
own lives. Often this balance and order is
dictated by a Hindus position in society.
Therefore, if a person maintains his
dharma, he will have good karma at the
end of his life, and will receive a good rein-
carnation. Each reincarnation should bring
a Hindu closer to the ultimate goal, which
is moksha moksha moksha moksha, or enlightenment. Moksha is at-
tained after living a life of religious devo-
tion without attachment to worldly things.
It usually takes many lifetimes within the
wheel of life to achieve moksha.
The Caste System The Caste System The Caste System The Caste System

When the Aryans arrived in India they im-
plemented a strict social class system
based on varna varna varna varna (color).
There were four basic varna.
The Brahmins Brahmins Brahmins Brahmins (priests) were
at the top, then the Kshatriyas Kshatriyas Kshatriyas Kshatriyas
(warriors & princes), the Vai- Vai- Vai- Vai-
shyas shyas shyas shyas (merchants & artisans)
and finally the Shudras Shudras Shudras Shudras
(farmers & laborers). The top
three varna were reserved for
the light skinned Aryans,
while the lowest varna was comprised of
darker skinned Indians.
Below the Shudras was a group known as
the Dalit Dalit Dalit Dalit, who were outside the caste sys-
tem (ie. out-castes) and known as untouch-
ables. They were forced to do spiritually
unclean tasks. People would not associate
with Dalit because they were polluted.
Within each varna there were thousands
of jati jati jati jati (castes), or sub-levels. Each varna
and jati had its own rules and expectations.
To live within these rules or expectations
was to achieve dharma dharma dharma dharma.
The caste system became closely tied to
Hindu beliefs because as one achieved
dharma, and had good karma as a result,
one would be reincarnated into a higher
varna, and thus get closer to moksha.
Polytheistic or Monotheistic? Polytheistic or Monotheistic? Polytheistic or Monotheistic? Polytheistic or Monotheistic?

Hindus typically believe in
over 33,000 gods and god-
desses. The three main gods
are Brahman (the Creator),
Vishnu (the Protector), and
Shiva (the Destroyer). They
are sometimes referred to as the trinity.
Many Hindus worship only Vishnu or only
Shiva, and see the other gods and god-
desses as aspects of Vishnu or Shiva. These
Hindus comprise two different sects of Hin-
duism known as Vaishnavism and Shaiv-
ism.
Impact on Hindu Lives Impact on Hindu Lives Impact on Hindu Lives Impact on Hindu Lives

Hindus worship at a temple called a
mandir. These mandirs are usually dedi-
cated to one god or goddess, and contain a
shrine of that god inside. Hindus perform
daily puja, or worship. Many Hindus have
such shrines in their own homes.
For Hindus, the cow is a sacred animal.
There are two main reasons for this: First,
the cow provides enormously useful prod-
ucts like milk and dung. The dung is used as
a fertilizer and is burned as a
fuel. Second, in Hindu scrip-
tures, one of the forms Lord
Krishna took while visiting
Earth was that of a cow.
As a result, Hindus do not eat beef and are
often vegetarians. Cows can frequently be
found wandering in city streets and in tem-
ples unmolested.
The Ganges river is also considered sacred.
Again, in Hindu legend the
goddess Ganga who had the
power to purify anything, de-
scended to earth and became
the Ganges river. Hindus from
all over India make pilgrim-
ages to the banks of the Ganges to be puri-
fied in its waters.
Cremation is also an important practice of
Hindus. Like the holy trinity of birth, life &
death, cremation completes the process of
destroying the body to release the soul to
be reborn. Many Hindus want their ashes
thrown into the Ganges river, believing the
waters will purify their souls.
Finally, the caste system has had a tre-
mendous impact on Hindu lives. Caste dic-
tates what job you will work, where you
may live, and who you can marry. Hindus
do not aspire to change their caste to do
so would violate dharma.
Sacred Symbols & Books Sacred Symbols & Books Sacred Symbols & Books Sacred Symbols & Books

The worlds oldest scriptures and the basis
of Hinduism are the Vedas. The oldest &
most popular part of the Vedas, the Rig-
Veda, is written in Sanskrit and defines the
principal gods & goddesses of Hinduism.
Other important scriptures include the
Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, and the
epic poem The Ramayana.
One of the most recognizable Hindu sym-
bols is the Om or Aum. Hin-
dus repeat the word while pray-
ing or meditating to clear their
minds. The a represents the be-
ginning, the u represents pro-
gress, and the m stands for dissolution.
Thus the sound represents the creation, de-
velopment and destruction of things, or the
three parts of the holy trinity.
One of the most misunderstood
and misrepresented Hindu symbols
is the swastika. It is an ancient
symbol of good fortune or protection.
The lotus flower is a beautiful
flower that blooms in swampy
water, symbolizing birth.
1. What is the history of the origin of Hindu-
ism?





2. What are the basic Hindu beliefs about:
a. Reincarnation:



b. Karma:



c. Dharma:



d. Moksha:




3. What is the relationship between the
above 4 beliefs?






4. What is the caste system and on what is
it based?






5. What are the 4 basic varna & what are
their jobs?






6. What are Dalit & what do they do?




7. How is the idea of dharma attached to
caste?





8. How is caste tied to the Hindu beliefs in
Question #2?





9. What are the 3 major Hindu gods & what
are they sometimes referred to as?





10. How can Hinduism be considered mono-
theistic when there are more than 33,000
gods/goddesses?



Global History Name ___________________________________
Hinduism
11. What are some of the Hindu Holy books?





12. What is the Aum and what does it rep-
resent?





13. What are 2 other Hindu symbols & what
do they represent?






14. Where do Hindus worship?



15. Why is the cow a sacred animal for Hin-
dus?





16. Why is the Ganges a sacred river & what
is the impact of this?





17. Why do Hindus cremate their dead?




18. What is the impact of caste on Hindus?
Analysis: Analysis: Analysis: Analysis:

19. Even in modern times, it has been difficult to get untouchables to pursue medical care
(despite life-threatening illness). Why do you think that might be?







20. How has Hinduism prevented modern social mobility?
Confucianism
SLMS/08
A man named Confucius lived between 551479 BCE toward
the end of the Zhou Dynasty. He lived during a time known as
the Hundred Schools period which was so named because of
all the different schools of thought that developed in that
time. It represented a flowering of Chinese philosophy, as both
Legalism & Taoism developed alongside Confucianism.
Political Situation in Confucius Time Political Situation in Confucius Time Political Situation in Confucius Time Political Situation in Confucius Time

The Zhou Dynasty technically ruled
China from 1122 BCE - 256 BCE (the
longest lasting Dynasty
in Chinese history). In re-
ality, Zhou rule began to
break down around 700
BCE, as local warlords
became powerful and be-
gan calling themselves
kings. The time period
from 475 - 256 BCE was actually
known as the warring states pe-
riod because of all the fighting and
civil strife between the warlords.
The Zhou had developed a ruling
idea known as the Mandate of
Heaven. It suggested that heaven or
the gods had given them the right to
rule.
Confucius lived at a time, however,
when the Zhous centralized author-
ity was rapidly disintegrating. He
frequently reflected back on early
Zhou rule, and how it not only pro-
vided political stability, but social
stability as well.
Confucius developed a philosophy
that provided and integrated both
political and social order.
Confucianism Confucianism Confucianism Confucianism

Confucius ideas can be found in The Analects of
Confucius, a book not written by Confucius, but
compiled by his students after his death.
Confucianism is not considered a relig-
ion, per se, but it is a philosophy that
has had a tremendous social impact,
similar to the impact of a religion. Thus,
is often discussed and taught as a reli-
gious type of philosophy.
At the core of Confucius ideas is the need for
order social and political order, and Confucius
believed that the family was just a microcosm (a
miniature representation) of the larger political
state. The relationships found in the family were
similar to the relationships found between the
government and its people. The Emperor was like
the father both were in a position
of leadership and responsibility.
Additionally, Confucius noted that as
the family went, so went the state. In
other words, if the family was peace-
ful and harmonious, the state would
be as well. A peaceful society begins
in the family. And if there were goodness and re-
spect in relationships, the society would benefit.
Key in Confucius teachings was the concept
that everyone had a role to play perhaps sev-
eral roles within the family and within society
at large. It was essential that people maintained
their proper role.
Confucius Five Relationships Confucius Five Relationships Confucius Five Relationships Confucius Five Relationships

Confucius identified five relationships
that were key to social and political order.
They were: 1) Ruler to people, 2) Father to
son, 3) Husband to wife, 4) Older brother
to younger brother, 5) Friend to friend. The
most important relationship is that of par-
ent to child, or father to son. If that rela-
tionship was harmonious and in order, all
other relationships would fall into place.
In each of the five relation-
ships (with the possible ex-
ception of friend to friend),
there existed a superior or
older figure, and an inferior or
younger figure. Both figures had responsi-
bilities to each other.
The superior figure was to care for and
provide an example for the inferior figure.
The inferior figure was to show respect
for, and be obedient to, the superior figure.
This respect is often referred to as filial
piety a love & respect for ones parents
or ancestors. The behaviors of the inferior
figure could be seen as a reflection (good
or bad) of the superior figure. Re-
bellious, disobedient children were
an embarrassment and a dishonor
to the father and family.
It should be noted that if the su-
perior figure was abusive or fol-
lowing a blatantly wrong course of action,
the inferior figure was to correct or to give
advice to the superior figure.
One of Confucius followers, Mencius Mencius Mencius Mencius, took
Confucius ideas and incorporated them
into the Zhou idea of Mandate of Heaven.
He suggested that the Emperor, as a supe-
rior figure, had a responsibility to his sub-
jects. If he did not protect and provide for
his subjects, he could be overthrown by
those subjects.
Confucius Three Virtues Confucius Three Virtues Confucius Three Virtues Confucius Three Virtues

Li Li Li Li - ritual, etiquette, rules of behavior.
Confucius said it was important to prac-
tice ancestral rites and rituals, and to be-
have with proper etiquette in society.
Yi Yi Yi Yi - righteousness, what is ethically best
to do in a certain context. Confucius de-
fined this as doing the right thing for the
right reason and that reason should be a
consideration for what was best for the
whole, not the self.
Ren Ren Ren Ren - benevolence, humaneness, good-
ness. Confucius said that this was the
most important virtue, and it should be a
goal to develop ones ren so that it could
intuitively guide your actions.
The Silver Rule: The Silver Rule: The Silver Rule: The Silver Rule:
Never impose on others what you would
not choose for yourself. -Confucius
Impact of Confucianism? Impact of Confucianism? Impact of Confucianism? Impact of Confucianism?

A major impact has been the Chi-
nese value of education. Confucius
put great emphasis on the importance of
study and of thinking deeply for ones self.
He argued that it was essential that gov-
ernment leaders be highly educated.
China developed a sophisticated civil ser-
vice exam for government officials based
on Confucian thought.
The concept of filial piety has remained
historically strong in China. Not only do
children rarely oppose parents wishes, but
China has historically been a very patriar-
chal society (as suggested by Confucius
relationships).
Confucianism has provided the basis for
social values, structure & order in China
for more than 2,500 years! Proper behav-
ior, responsibility & respect remain key
values.
1. What are the dates of Confucius? What
other religions/philosophies were being de-
veloped between 600-500 BCE?





2. What was the Hundred Schools Period?





3. Describe Zhou rule from 700 BCE on-
ward.





4. What was the Mandate of Heaven?





5. What was Confucius philosophy designed
to do?





6. What is the book which contains Confu-
cian ideas?





7. Confucianism: religion or philosophy?
Explain.





8. What is at the core of Confucius ideas?





9. How does he view the family?







10. How does the family impact society?





11. Do you agree with him? Why/not?





12. What are the 5 key relationships? Which
is most important? Why?
Global History Name ___________________________________
Confucianism
13. Describe the role of:
a. Superior -




b. Inferior -




14. What is filial piety?




15. How did Mencius incorporate Confucian
ideas into the Mandate of Heaven?





16. Confucian Virtues:
a.


b.


c.



17. Silver rule?




18. Impact of Confucianism?
Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis:

19. How would Confucius evaluate American society today? (Please include what he would
point to as problems, what the sources of those problems might be, and what he might
suggest as solutions.)
Judaism
SLMS/08
Judaism is one of the worlds oldest religions, and certainly the
worlds oldest and first monotheistic religion. Its origins date
bac nearly !000 years to the Sumerian city of "r. Judaism is
an incredibly im#ortant religion in history as it gi$es rise to
the worlds other two ma%or monotheistic religions & 'hristi(
anity and Islam.
)rigins of Judaism )rigins of Judaism )rigins of Judaism )rigins of Judaism

*+ man named +bram and his wife Sara li$ed
%ust outside the Sumerian city of "r.
*Jews belie$e that ,od a##eared to +bram and
made a co$enant co$enant co$enant co$enant -mutual agreement. with him.
+bram agreed to worshi# only ,od, and ,od
agreed to mae +bram / his descendents 0is
chosen #eo#le.
*,od renamed +bram, +braham +braham +braham +braham -father of multitudes. and
Sara, Sarah Sarah Sarah Sarah -mother of nations.. ,od also #romised +bra(
ham / his descendents a s#ecial land, and +braham and
Sarah left "r and tra$eled to the #romised land of 'anaan 'anaan 'anaan 'anaan
-modern day Israel..
*+braham / Sarah grew old, and they had no children.
1hey wondered how ,od was going to create a nation of
#eo#le descended from them. Since Sarah was too old to
ha$e children, she decided that her husband should be
with her maid, 0agar, to concei$e a child. 0agar became
#regnant and bore a son named Ishmael. 2ecause of a
miracle, Sarah also became #regnant and bore a son, Isaac.
*Sarah became %ealous of 0agar, and sent her and Ishmael
away into the desert. ,od looed after and #rotected 0a(
gar / Ishmael, but was angry with +braham / Sarah for
taing matters in their own hands. 0e #roclaimed that
Isaac / Ishmael would both be fathers of nations, and
that there would always be enmity -anger, hatred. be(
tween their descendents.
*Jews trace their descent from Isaac, and +rab(Muslims
trace theirs from Ishmael. Many belie$e the roots of the
+rab(Israeli conflict began here.
2asic 2eliefs 2asic 2eliefs 2asic 2eliefs 2asic 2eliefs

*Jews are monotheistic,
which means they belie$e in
only one god.
*Jews belie$e that they are
,ods chosen #eo#le, and
that they were gi$en a s#e(
cial land to inhabit -Israel..
*1here is a belief in original
sin & that man is born sinful,
and can only be cleaned
through sacrifice.
*1he Jewish ,od differed
from other gods found at
the time & 0e was merciful,
but re3uired a strict code of
ethics / beha$ior.
*1he guide for Jewish be(
ha$ior can be found
in the 1en 'om(
mandments and the
numerous laws
found in the 1orah.
*Jews rest on the Sabbath,
which runs from sundown
4riday night to sundown
Saturday.
*4inally, Jews belie$e that a
Messiah -sa$ior. is coming
to rule the world in #eace
and glory.
Sacred Symbols / 2oos Sacred Symbols / 2oos Sacred Symbols / 2oos Sacred Symbols / 2oos

*1he most recogni5able Jewish
symbol is the star of 6a$id star of 6a$id star of 6a$id star of 6a$id & a si7
(#ointed star. 1his star is found on
the Israeli flag.
*+nother common symbol is the
menorah menorah menorah menorah, which is used to cele(
brate 'hanuah.
*Jews worshi# in a tem#le nown as a
Synagogue Synagogue Synagogue Synagogue, and often read #assages from
the 1anah 1anah 1anah 1anah aloud. 1he 1anah is an acro(
nym for the 8 Jewish holy boos & the 1o(
rah -first 9 boos., the :e$iim -writings of
the #ro#hets. / the ;etu$im -writings..
'hristians refer to the 1anah as the )ld
1estament, but Jews do not.
Sects of Judaism Sects of Judaism Sects of Judaism Sects of Judaism

*<eform Judaism <eform Judaism <eform Judaism <eform Judaism & Jews began integrating
more into society. 1hey began ada#ting
themsel$es / some of their #ractices to
the society they li$ed in. Many +merican
Jews began ha$ing ser$ices in =nglish to
allow more integration.
*)rthodo7 Judaism )rthodo7 Judaism )rthodo7 Judaism )rthodo7 Judaism & )##osed <eform Ju(
daism, and warned Jews to anchor them(
sel$es to traditional ways. 1hey ha$e a
strict inter#retation of the 1anah, and
closely obser$e the Sabbath and all dietary
laws. )nly men are rabbis.
*'onser$ati$e Judaism 'onser$ati$e Judaism 'onser$ati$e Judaism 'onser$ati$e Judaism & <ests between
<eform / )rthodo7 Judaism. 1hey belie$e
it is im#ortant for Jewish law to ada#t to
contem#orary life, but belie$e traditions
should not be com#romised. 0istory of the Jewish >eo#le 0istory of the Jewish >eo#le 0istory of the Jewish >eo#le 0istory of the Jewish >eo#le

*1he history of the Jewish #eo#le is a rela(
ti$ely tragic one. 1he highlight of their #ast
was the unified ;ingdom of Israel estab(
lished by ;ing 6a$id around
?000 2'=, and the construc(
tion of the 1em#le in Jerusa(
lem by Solomon in @A0 2'=.
*1he ingdom was di$ided into northern /
southern #arts. 1he northern ingdom was
con3uered by the +ssyrians around BC0
2'=, and the southern ingdom by the
2abylonians in 98A 2'=. 1he Jews were
intentionally scattered throughout the Mid(
dle =ast, an action nown as the 6ias#ora 6ias#ora 6ias#ora 6ias#ora.
*In B0 '=, the <omans destroyed the 1em(
#le in Jerusalem, and dis#ersed the Jews
who had gathered there throughout their
=m#ire. -+ second dias#ora..
*Jews were routinely #ersecuted in =uro#e
throughout the Middle +ges, but in modern
times it is the 0olocaust that stands as the
most tragic e7am#le of anti anti anti anti( (( (Semitism Semitism Semitism Semitism -anti(
Jewish feeling..
Im#act on Li$es Im#act on Li$es Im#act on Li$es Im#act on Li$es

*)ne of the biggest im#acts on the li$es of
belie$ers is on diet. Jews are not to eat any
#ig #roducts, and they are not su##osed to
mi7 meat and mil #roducts. 1hey are su#(
#osed to eat ;osher -blessed by a rabbi.,
but not all Jews follow these dietary rules.
*Jews are also su##osed to ee# the
Sabbath, which begins 4riday night.
4or )rthodo7 Jews, this means that
they must #re#are all food ahead of
time, and must li$e close enough to
the local tem#le to be able to wal.
*Jews re3uire all male babies to be circum(
cised in a s#ecial ceremony called the 2ris.
1his is a #hysical symbol of the co$enant
with ,od.
*+nother right of #assage that is obser$ed
is the 2ar or 2at Mit5$ah. Jewish teens
celebrate this around their ?8th birthday. It
includes ceremonies in the Synagogue
where they read from the 1orah, then ha$e
a #arty afterward.
?. 0ow old is JudaismD



C. Ehere did it originateD





8. Ehy is it such an im#ortant religion his(
toricallyD






!. Ehat was the co$enant made between
+bram / ,odD






9. Ehat did ,od #romise +bramD





A. =7#lain the +braham(0agar(Sarah trian(
gle / the results.







B. Ehat are some basic beliefs of Jews
-name at least 9.








8. Ehat are C Jewish symbols / what are
they used forD





@. Ehere do Jews worshi# / what are their
holy boosD



?0. 6escribe 8 sects of Judaism.
a.



b.



c.



??. Ehat was the historical highlight of the
Jewish #eo#leD



,lobal 0istory :ame FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
Judaism
?C. Ehat is a 6ias#oraD 0ow / when did
this occur to the JewsD








?8. Ehat is anti(SemitismD




?!. 6escribe some Jewish dietary laws.





?9. 0ow are Jews to ee# the SabbathD








?A. Ehy do Jews re3uire male circumcisionD





?B.Ehat is the 2ar/2at Mit5$ahD
+nalysisG +nalysisG +nalysisG +nalysisG

?8. Jews ty#ically do not #roselyti5e -attem#t to con$ert #eo#le.. Ehy do you thin that
isD








?@. Ehat are ways that Jews attem#t to differentiate themsel$es from othersD