Done By: Laurian Simpson

Kerene Byrd
Sasha-Lee Kerr

Table of Contents
Topic Page Number
Research 1
Planning and Designing . 2-3
The Investigation
!nal"sis and #valuation ... $
%onclusion ... &
'ibliograph" (
Research
!n acid is a compound that donates h"drogen ion )*
+
, to another compound. !cids has a
p* value o- .- &.$. p* means measure o- *+. !ll acids have a chemical -ormula /ith *
at the beginning o- it. 0or e1ample2 *%l )*"drochloric !cid,. ! base is an a3ueous
substance that can accept h"drogen ions and is associated /ith the o1ide ion )4
2-
, or
h"dro1ide ion )4*
-
,. ! base has a p* value o- (.$ to 1. The higher the concentration o-
4*
-
the higher the p* value. ! base also has a chemical -ormula /ith 4* at the end o- it.
0or e1ample2 Na4* )5odium *"dro1ide,.
5cientist di--erentiates bet/een acids and bases using indicators. 6ith the use o-
indicators substances change colour to tell i- a chemical is acid2 base or neutral. T/o
main t"pes o- indicators used b" scientist are7 a, 8itmus paper and b, 9niversal indicator.
a, 8itmus paper7
Red litmus paper remains red means that the substance is either neutral or acidic.
I- red litmus paper changes to blue then the substance is a base.
'lue litmus paper remains blue means that the substance is either base or neutral.
I- blue litmus paper changes to red then the substance is an acid.
b, 9niversal Indicator7
!cid- changes to red2 pin:2 orange or "ello/.
'ase- changes to blue2 purple or violet.
Neutral- changes to green.
0ive household chemicals are7 'athing soap2 5hampoo2 'leach2 6ater and 'a:ing soda.
It is predicted that bathing soap2 shampoo and ba:ing soda are bases and bleach is an
acid. It is also predicted that /ater /ould be neutral.
Planning and Designing
*"pothesis7
Red 8itmus Paper /ill change to blue i- the substance is a base and blue litmus paper /ill
change to red i- its an acid.
!im7
To prove that /hen red litmus paper is added to a base it /ill change to blue and /hen
blue litmus paper is added to an acid it /ill change to red.
!pparatus7
5oap Test Tube
'a:ing 5oda 5tirring Rod
'leach Test Tube Rac:
Tap 6ater 'ea:er
5hampoo Dropping Pipette
;easuring %"linder
Procedure7
;easure -ive )$, ml o- bleach in a measuring c"linder. Pour bleach in a test tube. Place
test tube in a test tube rac:. Insert red and blue litmus paper in bleach solution and record
all observations in a table.
Place a small amount o- ba:ing soda in a bea:er and add /ater. 5tir solution /ith a
stirring rod. ;easure -ive )$, ml o- ba:ing soda solution in a measuring c"linder. Pour
solution in a test tube and place test tube in a test tube rac:. Insert red and blue litmus
paper in solution and record observation in a table.
;easure -ive )$, ml o- shampoo in a measuring c"linder. Pour shampoo in a test tube and
place test tube in a test tube rac:. Insert red and blue litmus paper and record all
observations in a table.
Place a small piece o- bath soap in a bea:er and add /ater. 5tir solution /ith a stirring
rod until soap dissolves. ;easure -ive )$, ml o- bathing soap solution in a measuring
c"linder. Pour solution in a test tube and place in a test tube rac:. Insert red an blue litmus
paper and record all observations in a table.
;easure -ive )$, ml o- /ater in a measuring c"linder. Pour /ater in a test tube and place
test tube in a test tube rac:. Insert red and blue litmus paper in solution and record all
observations in a table.
The Investigation
Name o- 5ubstance Description o- substance 4bservation /hen indicator
is added
'leach %lear li3uid Red litmus paper changed to
blue and blue litmus paper
remained blue.
'a:ing soda <rain"2 /hite Red litmus paper changed to
blue and blue litmus paper
remained blue.
'ath soap Pin:2 *ard Red litmus paper changed to
blue and blue litmus paper
remained blue.
6ater %lear li3uid Red litmus paper remained
red and blue litmus paper
remained blue.
5hampoo Purple li3uid Red litmus paper changed to
blue and blue litmus paper
remained blue.
Table sho/ing observation o- substances be-ore and a-ter indicator is added.
!nal"sis and #valuation
'a:ing soda2 soap and shampoo /ere predicted to be bases /hile bleach /as predicted to
be an acid. 6ater /as also predicted to be neutral. Predictions made /ere true /ith the
e1ception o- bleach /hich /hen tested proved to be a base. 'a:ing soda2 soap2 shampoo
and bleach are bases. This is so because /hen red litmus paper /as placed in the solution
mentioned2 the colour changed -rom red to blue and /hen the blue litmus paper /as
added it remained blue. *o/ever2 /ater on the other hand2 /hen red and blue litmus
paper /as inserted2 did not change colour.
%onclusion
'ibliograph"
///.chem:ids.com=-iles=react>acidbase.html
chemistr".about.com=od=acidsbases=a=acidsbasesterms.htm
///.chem.vt.edu=R?<5=!%T=notes=Notes>on>acids>and>bases.html