Experiment 6 Bulls Eye

Name ____________________
Name ____________________
Per. _____ Date ______
___
Materials
Ramp Meter stick Computer
Projectile Plumb line o!!er pro
an"in! #one $cup% & p'oto!ates
Prelab
(ma!ine a uni)erse *it'out !ra)ity. (n t'is uni)erse+ i, you tosse" a rock *'ere t'ere
*as no air+ it *oul" just keep !oin!-,ore)er. Because t'e rock *oul" be !oin! at a
constant spee"+ it *oul" co)er t'e same amount o, "istance in eac' secon" $.i! /%. 0'e
e1uation ,or "istance tra)ele" *'en motion is uni,orm is
X=v
x
t
0'e e1uation ,or spee" *oul" be


x
v
x
= t
Comin! back to eart'+ *'at 'appens *'en you "rop a rock2 (t ,alls to t'e
!roun" an" t'e "istance it co)ers in eac' secon" increases $.i! B%. 3ra)ity
is constantly increasin! its spee". 0'e e1uation o, t'e )ertical "istance
,allen a,ter any time t is
y = 1/2gt
2
*'ere ! is t'e acceleration "ue to !ra)ity.
0'e ,allin! spee" v a,ter time t is
V
y
=gt
Purpose
0o in)esti!ate t'e in"epen"ence o, 'ori#ontal an"
)ertical components o, motion.
0o pre"ict t'e lan"in! point o, a projectile
.(3 C
.(3 /
.(3 B
4'at 'appens *'en you toss t'e rock si"e*ays $.i! C%2 0'e cur)e" motion t'at results
can be "escribe" as t'e combination o, t*o strai!'t5line motions6 one )ertical an" t'e
ot'er 'ori#ontal. 0'e )ertical motion un"er!oes t'e acceleration "ue to !ra)ity+ *'ile
t'e 'ori#ontal motion "oes not. 0'e secret to analy#in! projectile motion is to keep t*o
separate sets o, 7books89 one t'at treats t'e 'ori#ontal motion accor"in! to
x=v
x
t
an" t'e ot'er t'at treats t'e )ertical motion accor"in! to
y = 1/2gt
2
Horizontal Motion
-4'en t'inkin! about 'o* ,ar $"istance in t'e x axis%+ t'ink about x=vt
-4'en t'inkin! about 'a* ,ast+ t'ink about v=x/t
Vertical motion
-4'en t'inkin! about 'o* ,ar $"istance in t'e y axis%+ t'ink about y=(1/2)gt
2
-4'en t'inkin! about 'o* ,ast+ t'ink about v=gt
:our !oal in t'is experiment is to pre"ict *'ere a steel ball *ill lan" *'en release" ,rom
a certain 'ei!'t on an incline. 0'e ;nal test o, you measurements an" computations *ill
be to position an empty can so t'at t'e ball lan"s in t'e can t'e ;rst time<
Prelab Questions
=. 4'at t*o pieces o, in,ormation *ill you nee" to calculate t'e projectiles 'ori#ontal
component
)elocity2
&. 4'at kin" o, motion is t'e )ertical component o, projectile motion most like2
Procedure
=. :our ramp assembly s'oul" look similar to t'e ramp picture"+
but ,urt'er
back ,rom t'e e"!e o, t'e table. Measure t'e "istance
bet*een t'e t*o
eyes o, t'e p'oto5!ates $in meters% an" recor" it in
"ata table =.
The computers will be logged on and ready to go. Be sure to not
close the
ogger pro window a!ter collecting data.
Between each time trial you
must reset the data collection by pressing the data tab on
the top menu
and selecting clear all data. Be sure to clear all your
data at the end o!
your time trials.
&. Pus' t'e collect button on your mac'ine. >et t'e ball "o*n t'e ramp ,rom t'e same
'ei!'t eac' time+
an" collect t'e time it takes t'e ball to tra)el t'e measure" "istance bet*een t'e t*o
p'oto5!ates. ***DONOTLET THE BALL HIT THE FLOOR. One lab
a!tne! "#$t %at%& *** ***t&e ball t&e "'"ent (t leave$ t&e
table.***
Collect at least ? times ,or t'is experiment an" recor" t'em in t'e appropriate
column in "ata table =.
@. Calculate t'e a)era!e 'ori#ontal )elocity $v%o, your projectile by ;rst "eterminin! t'e
)elocities o, t'e
ball ,or eac' time trial. 0'en a)era!e t'e )elocities an" recor" t'e a)era!e
'ori#ontal )elocity in t'e
appropriate space.
A. Bsin! t'e plumb line an" a strin! measure t'e )ertical "istance $y% t'e ball must ,all
,rom t'e top lip o,
t'e table to t'e Coor. Recor" t'is "istance in t'e appropriate space.
Analy$($ )#e$t('n 1* >'oul" t'e 'ei!'t o, t'e can be taken into account *'en
measurin! t'e )ertical
"istance y2 (, so make your measurements accor"in!ly.
D. Bsin! t'e appropriate e1uation ,rom t'e "iscussion $you *ill nee" to re*ork t'e
)ertical 7Eo* ,ar8
e1uation%+ ;n" t'e time $t% it takes t'e ball to ,all ,rom t'e top o, t'e table an" lan"
on t'e Coor. 4rite
bot' t'e e1uation you use" an" t'e 'ei!'t in t'e appropriate spaces.
6. 0'e ran!e is t'e 'ori#ontal "istance o, tra)el ,or t'e projectile. Pre"ict t'e ran!e o,
t'e ball $you *ill
nee" to use t'e 7Eo* ,ar8 e1uation ,or 'ori#ontal motion%. Recor" bot' t'e e1uation
you use" ,or
'ori#ontal ran!e an" pre"icte" ran!e in t'e appropriate space.

?. Retrie)e a cup ,rom your instructor an" place t'e cup so t'at its center is at t'e
"istance you
pre"icte" t'e ball *oul" tra)el.
F. 0ry to mark as accurately as possible t'e actual ran!e o, your projectile. Recor" t'is
in t'e
appropriate space.
Analy$($ )#e$t('n 2* Compare t'e actual ran!e o, t'e ball *it' your pre"icte" ran!e.
Compute t'e percenta!e error ,or your calculation. $take t'e absolute )alue o, exp
minus calculate" o)er t'e calculate" times =GG%
Analy$($ )#e$t('n +* 4'at may cause t'e ball to miss t'e tar!et2
Analy$($ )#e$t('n ,* :ou probably notice" t'at t'e ran!e o, t'e ball increase" in
"irect proportion to t'e spee" at *'ic' it le,t t'e ramp. 0'e spee" "epen"s on t'e
release point o, t'e ball on t'e ramp. 4'at role "o you t'ink air resistance 'a" in t'is
experiment2
Going Further
Ext!a -!e.(t* I/ t("e all'0$1
>uppose you "ont kno* t'e ;rin! spee" o, t'e projectile. (, you !o a'ea" an" ;re it an"
t'en measure its ran!e rat'er t'an pre"ictin! it+ you can *ork back*ar" an" calculate
t'e projectiles initial spee". 0'is is a !oo" *ay to calculate spee"s in !eneral< Do t'is
,or one or t*o ;re" balls usin! t'e projectile launc'er
Lab Write Up
ull!s "#e$ "%periment
&
calculating the range o'
apro(ectile
D/0/ >EEE0
D/0/
0/BE =
*ork
0R(/ = & @ A D 6 ?
Distance
0ime
Helocity "It
/)era!e
Eori#ontal
)elocity )
Name _________________________
Name _________________________
Perio" _______ Date ___________
Prelab Juestions
=.
&.
Hertical Distance y =______________
E1uation to sol)e ,or t ___________________
Calculate" )alue o, t ____________________
Pre"icte" ran!e e1uation _________________
Pre"icte" Ran!e x _________________________
/nalysis
=. >'oul" t'e 'ei!'t o, t'e can be taken into account *'en measurin! t'e )ertical
"istance y2 (, so make
your measurements accor"in!ly.
&. Compare t'e actual ran!e o, t'e ball *it' your pre"icte" ran!e. Compute t'e
percenta!e error ,or your
calculation. $take t'e absolute )alue o, exp minus calculate" o)er t'e calculate"
times =GG%.
@. 4'at may cause t'e ball to miss t'e tar!et2
A. :ou probably notice" t'at t'e ran!e o, t'e ball increase" in "irect proportion to t'e
spee" at *'ic' it
le,t t'e ramp. 0'e spee" "epen"s on t'e release point o, t'e ball on t'e ramp. 4'at
role "o you t'ink
air resistance 'a" in t'is experiment2
Lab )ournal *nstructions
>ome lab reports *ill be "one on t'e computer. Eo*e)er+ most *ill nee" to be *ritten
up. Eac' report s'oul" inclu"e t'e ,ollo*in!9
TITLE
Perio" :our Name
Date Partners Name
Purpose+ Kne or t*o sentences+ usually !i)en ri!'t on t'e lab s'eet.
Procedure9 ,*"F "escription o, steps taken to complete t'e lab+ $#""a!(2e<
-ata .able9 /ll 0alues measured during the e%periment1 2ith units.
3alculations+ >'o* eac' ,ormula an" a 4/MPL" calculation. >'o* ans*ers or results
in a table. 0'is is t'e section *'ere you *oul" a"" any G,/PH4 i, nee"e".
/nal#sis+ 4rite only ans*ers+ no nee" to copy 1uestions. Number t'em an" ans*er in
35MPL"." 4"6."63"47
3onclusion8s9+ $0'e conclusion ,ollo*s ,rom t'e purpose. Bse complete sentences.
T&($ ($ t&e 3O4T I35ORTANT a!t '/ t&e lab117 /ns*er t'e 1uestionL 74'at *as (
suppose" to learn ,rom t'is lab28%