SCIENCE

CHAPTER 6
LAND AND ITS
RESOURCES

BY :
ADLYNA SHAMIMI BTE ZAMRI
HAZIRAH BTE AB.HAMID
FATIMAH NURULFATIHAH BTE
DORAHIM

INTRODUCTION

All of the energy that we use are
comes from natural fuel
Natural fuel resources also
known as fossil fuels
Natural fuel can be found clearly
at Malaysia
Natural fuel can be known such
as petroleum, natural gas and
coal.
Natural fuels are formed from
plants and animals remains that
lived millions years ago
Coal
Factory of petroleum
FORMATION OF
PETROLEUM

PETROLEUM were formed from decaying
organic matter and the remains of small
plants and animals millions of years ago.
When these plants and animals died, their
remains settled on the ocean floor and
bacteria acted to decaying.
Layers of sediment built up and were
compacted to form sedimentary rock
Heat, pressure and natural forces slowly
changed the decaying plants and animals
remains into petroleum.





FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
OF PETROLEUM
PETROLEUM is a mixture of several
hydrocarbons of different boiling
point.
The hydrocarbons can only be
separated into its various components
called distillates in a process called
fractional distillation.
This process involves boiling and
condensation.
Fractional distillation takes place in
large fractionating tower.
Petroleum gas and petrol which need
low temperature to condense rise to
the top of the fractionating tower.
Heavy hydrocarbons, such fuel oil and
bitumen condense at high temperature
are found at the bottom of tower.
USES OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS

FRACTION BOILING POINT USES
RANGE
Petroleum gas <20 Cooking gases
Petrol 40-75 Fuel for
vehicles
Naptha 75-150 Making plastic
and PVC
Kerosene 150-230 Fuel for
aircraft
Diesel 230-250 Fuel for lorries
and buses
Lubricating oil 250-300 Lubricants for
machines
Fuel oil 300-350 Fuel oil for
ships
Bitumen >350 Tar for roads
CHARACTERISTICS OF
PETROLEUM FRACTIONS
CHARACTERISTICS of petroleum fractions
can be seen by fractional distillation.







Characterist
ics of
Colour of Viscosity of



CONTRIBUTIONS OF PETROLEUM AND
NATURAL GAS TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
OF MALAYSIA
Petroleum and natural gas industry
provides employment for many
Malaysians.





Ability of fraction
The amount of soot





THE EFFICIENT WAY OF USING THE
PETROLEUM AND OTHER NATURAL
FUEL RESOURCES