Braov

De a Wkpeda, enccopeda ber

Braov
Muncpu
Vedere panoramc a muncpuu Braov
Vedere panoramc a muncpuu Braov
Drape
Drape Stema Braov
Stem
Braov se a n Romna
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Braov
Locazarea orauu pe harta Romne
Braov se a n |udetu Braov
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Braov
Locazarea orauu pe harta |udetuu Braov
Coordonate: Coordonate: 4539N 2536E4539N 2536E
|udet Braov
SIRUTA 40198
Atestare documentar 1234
Locatt componente
1 ocatate
Poana Braov
Guvernare
- Prmar Scrpcaru George (PDL,2012|1|)
Suprafat
- Muncpu 267,32 km
- Metropotan 1368,5 km
Attudne aprox. 600 m.d.m.
Popuate (2011)|2|
- Muncpu V 253.200 ocutor
- Denstate 852 oc./km
- Metropotan 415.668
- Recensmntu anteror, 2002 284.596 ocutor
Pcute de nmatrcuare BV
Ste: Pagna oca
Locazarea n cadru |udetuu
Locazarea n cadru |udetuu
Locaton of Braov
modc Consutat documentata formatuu
Braov (n german Kronstadt, n maghar Brass, n atn Corona; de
asemenea pe hrte vech trecut Crontadt, Brastova sau Braov, n daectu
ssesc Kruhnen, Krnen, Krnen) este reednta ce ma mare muncpu a
|udetuu Braov, Romna. Potrvt recensmntuu dn 2011, are o popuate
de 227.961 ocutor,|2| nd unu dntre cee ma mar orae dn tar (totu
n scdere n utmee dou decen dn cauza exoduu saor a reducer
actvtt ndustrae). Statunea de arn Poana Braov se a a 12 km
dstant de centru muncpuu, dspunnd de o nfrastructur dezvotat
pentru practcarea sporturor de arn. Patron a orauu este consderat a
Fecoara Mara. Statua acestea se a pe unu dntre contraforture Bserc
Negre, ndreptat spre Casa Sfatuu, avnd stema Braovuu scuptat
dedesubt n reef.
Braovu este cunoscut datort Festvauu Internatona ,Cerbu de Aur",
ce se tne aproape n ecare an n centru orauu. Acesta a avut pe scena sa
nume ceebre precum Toto Cutugno, Tom |ones, Cooo, Ray Chares, Pnk,
Kye Mnogue sau Chrstna Aguera.
Muncpu Braov a reprezentat, de secoe, unu dntre cee ma mportante,
puternce nortoare orae dn zon. Datort pozte geograce
prvegate a nfrastructur sae de astz, e permte dezvotarea mutor
actvtt economce, cuturae sportve.
Cuprns
1 Istora pe scurt
1.1 Caamtt abtute asupra Braovuu
2 Numee stema
2.1 Etmooga toponmeor Braov Corona
2.1.1 Ipoteza provenente savo-romne
2.1.2 Ipoteza provenente turco-bugare
2.1.3 Termen dervat
2.2 Stema steagu muncpuu
3 Geograe
3.1 Locazare
3.2 Hdrograe
3.3 For faun
3.4 Cm precptat
4 Demograe
4.1 n trecut
4.1.1 1850
4.1.2 1890
4.1.3 1930
4.2 2002
4.3 Astz
5 Cutur educate
5.1 Istorc
5.2 Insttut de cutur
5.3 Arhtectur
5.4 Festvau Internatona ,Cerbu de Aur"
5.5 |un Braoven
5.6 Ate manfestr cuturae
5.7 Cnema teatru
5.8 Educate
6 Econome
6.1 Tursm
6.1.1 Obectve turstce
6.1.2 Hoteur, pensun restaurante
6.2 Transport
6.2.1 Transportur nterne
6.2.2 Transportur externe
7 Potc admnstrate
7.1 Prmar orauu
7.2 Ate nsttut admnstratve
7.3 Cartere
7.4 Zona Metropotan
8 Reat externe
9 Personatt
9.1 Cetten de onoare
10 Pres
11 Sport
12 Note
13 Bbograe
14 Legtur externe
Istora pe scurt|modcare | modcare surs|
Artco prncpa: Istora Braovuu.
Braov - stamp dn 1689, dnante de ncendu
Mrture dezgropate ndc prezenta unor mar cutur neotce (ceebra
cutur Noua, Te, Schnekenberg) pe tertoru de az a Braovuu, apo au
urmat descoperr dn epoca bronzuu. Nu departe de Braov s-au gst bare
de aur, cu tampa ocuu dn Srmum monograma u Crst, emse n a
doua |umatate a sec-. IV|3|
Ma trzu, descoperre arheoogce au atestat exstenta unor tempe dacce
n zona Petree u Soomon, a unor depozte de amente n Pata Sfatuu, a
unor aezr cett pe Deau Mecor n carteru Vaea Cett.
Ma|ortatea acestora au fost deterorate sau dstruse de ctre autortte
comunste, n cadru programuu de sstematzare.
Pn spre secou a XIII-ea a ere noastre, ncun document nu pomenete
de Braov. Totu, se remarc o contnu ocure, ma aes n zona Sche sau
Bartoomeu. Actuau muncpu s-a format prn unrea ma mutor nucee:
Barthoom, Martnsberg, Cetatea (Corona), Sche, Bumna, Noua, Drste,
Stupn.
Tot ac exsta, cu mut nante de nntarea cett Braovuu medeva, o
veche aezare romneasc cu numee "Cutun" sau "Cotun" de form
crcuar, mtat de actuaee strz: Pe Coast, I. Barac, Vaea Moror
Coaste, a cror ocutor dn vechme erau aprtor cett de pe Tmpa.
Aceast aezare a contnuat s exste dup nntarea cett Braov, dar
dup ntarea zduror a bastoaneor (1455) a rmas n afara ncnte.|4|
Mut ma aproape de adevr pare sa e totu expcata cu prvre a ,vechea
aezare romneasc" conform crea aceasta era ocuta de sav bugar
(denumrea e veche nd Bogarszeg). denumrea de "Cutun" este strn de
mba romana, de fapte este de orgne cumana (Kotony)|necest ctare|.
Deocamdat nu se cunoate cu sgurant etna ceor care aprau cetatea
Brassova.
1203: Tradta cronce caendareor braovene consder ca an ,n care s-
a nceput zdrea Braovuu". Totu documentee zvoaree sgure nu
conrm aceast dat.
1211: Prntr-o dpom a regeu maghar Andre a II-ea a Ungare, Cavaer
Teuton sunt aezat n Tara Brse (Numee apare sub formee Borza n
dpom Burszam n bua papa care a aprobat-o) Se pare c au ntrt
cetatea Braova de pe Tmpa. Cavaer teuton construesc ce ma vech
edcu dn ora, Bserca Sfntu Bartoomeu dn Braov dn carteru
Bartoomeu, o bserc construt n secou a XIII-ea (cca. 1260), cu
modcr substantae n secou a XV-ea. ntreaga constructe este trbutar
bserc Mnstr Cstercene de a Crta. Partea orgna, rmas neatns,
cuprnde coru ncpere adacente acestua, ncusv cee dou capee
ptrate cu care se nchd, spre rsrt, bratee transeptuu. Panu bserc
este asemntor cu ce de a Crta, numa c acesta dspune de tre travee
ptrate. La fatada vestc exst dou turnur, dn care doar unu este n
ntregme executat. Turnu de astz este construt n 1842, n ocu turnuu
vech, prbut a cutremuru dn 1822.
1228: Se ntemeaz a Braov o mnstre de suror ae ordnuu cugresc
a premonstratensor, aat ng Bserca Neagr de ma trzu, avnd ca
patroan pe Sf. Catharna.
1234 - Corona: Cercettoru Norbert Backmund a edtat aa-numtu
,Cataogus Nnvenss", care contne o st a tuturor mnstror
premonstratense dn Ungara Transvana. 1234 corespunde cu anu n care
abatee Fredercus cunoate ,Caustra Sororum n Hungara assgnata est
paterntas Dyocess Cumane Corona".
Bserca romaneasca dn Brasov
Braov, aa cum apare ntr-o gravur dn 1750
Brasov by Ludwg Rohbock
1241: Invaze ttar, pre| cu care este cucert cetatea Sprengh, ae cre
nceputur nu se cunosc (ce ma probab pe ocu unu vech castru roman).
Dup retragerea ttaror se construete a poart un turn hexagona pentru
aprare. Cetatea a fost dstrus dou secoe ma trzu, de ctre nvadator
turc.
1252 - Barassu: n acest an, regee Bea a IV-ea doneaz ,tera Zek",
comteu Vncentu, u u Akadas, propretate aezat ntre pmnture
romnor de Crta, cee ae saor ,de Barasu" cee ae secuor de Sebus.
Fr. Kyen, referndu-se a acest document, arat c numee ,Barasu" ndc
de fapt denumrea unu tnut ntreg. Dup amata sa, toate cee tre
toponme a care face refernt documentu se refer a tertor care
ncon|oar pmntu donat nu a vreun ora. n acest caz ,Braov" se refer
a o zon, ar ,Corona" ar denum ocatatea.
1271 - Brasu: Acest toponm este atestat ntr-un document atn, aat n
Arhvee Statuu dn Budapesta n fotocope a Insttutu de Istore Cu|, act
prn care Stefan, regee Ungare, aproba contractu dntre ,Chye comes, us
Erwn de Canuk" ,Tee, us Eb de Brasu cognatus eusdem". ntr-un at
document ems de regee Ungare, Vencesav, a 10 decembre 1301, se
conrm c Detrcus, u u Thee sau Ty de Pre|mer, este n posesunea
ocattor Mkofava Nyen (Teu). Pe baza acestu document, precum a
atora, prvnd fama comtor dn Pre|mer, nu este sgur dac denumrea de
,Barasu" se refer a ocatatea Braov sau a Tara Brse.
1288 - Braso: Este consemnat ntr-un document atn, aat n Bboteca
Bathyaneum dn Aba Iua, ar n cope a Insttutu de Istore dn Cu|. Se
dovedete a prmu act pstrat care a fost ems n Braov, purtnd
mentunea expres: ,Datum n Braso", nd ems de regee Ladsau a IV-ea.
Urmeaz mentonarea tot ma deas a muncpuu: Braov (1294), Brassov
(1295), Brasso (1309), Brassou (1331), Korona (1336) etc.
1323: Se ntemeaz mnstrea domncan n Braso.
1364: Braovu prmete prvegu pentru trg anua, urmat de prvegu de
,etap depozt" dn 1369.
Braov n Harta Iosen a Transvane, 1769-1773|osephnsche
Landaufnahme pg274.|pg
Dstrctu Braovuu, 1826
Dangae pentru vte
1377: Se ncepe constructa bserc Sf. Mara (sau Bserca Neagr, cum va
numt dup ncendu) pe ocu une ma vech basc.
1395: Mrcea ce Btrn Sgsmund de Luxemburg semneaz un tratat de
aant mpotrva puter otomane. Do an ma trzu, regee Ungare
ebereaz un act care d dreptu Braovuu de a- constru fortcat de
patr, urmrnd ndeaproape rdcarea acestora.
1399: O bu a pape Bonfacu a IX-ea (1389 - 1404) vorbete despre
bserca Sf. Ncoae dn Sche as s se ntrevad exstenta unu oca de
nvttur n |uru e.
1421 1438: Invaze a turcor. n urma acestor actun mtare, prn tratat,
dobndesc cetatea de pe Tmpa.
1424: Bnar braoven actuesc prmu statut dntre brese. n 1798 a
Braov ntau 43 de brese, deservte de 1.227 meter. putem amnt ac
pe erar, bnar, postvar, funar, curear, czmar, cuttar, co|ocar
(tbcar), mcear, aurar, costorar, armar, franzear, oar, ctu,
testor, armurer, arcar, prer, nar, argntar.
1448 - 1453: Iancu de Hunedoara rscumpr d ordn de dstrugere a
cett Braova de pe aua Tmpe, patra materaee de constructe ae
acestea nd fooste a ntrrea cett medevae a Braovuu dn vae, cu
opt bastoane dspuse dn 100 n 100 de metr, 4 (sau 5, n umna
descoperror recente) port fortcate 32 turnur de aprare (numte ,de
pubere"). Cetatea avea dou sau char tre rndur de zdur era
ncon|urat de un ant de aprare pn cu ap.
Artco prncpa: Fortcate Braovuu.
1477: Este termnat Bserca Neagr. Dn cauza pse fonduror, ce de-a
doea turn a bserc nu va ma construt ncodat.
1486: Braovu toat Tara Brse ntr n Unverstatea Sseasc, prn
conrmarea prveguu Andreanum pentru tot sa dn Sbu, Meda,
Braov Tara Brse.
1521: |udee Braovuu, |ohann (Hans) Benkner, prmete de a Neacu dn
Cmpuung, ntr-o epsto scrs n mba romn, vet despre mcre
trupeor turcet de dncoo de Dunre.
1524: Se construete n emn Cettua, o puternc fortreat pe Deau
Cett. Curnd, va cucert dstrus dn ordnu u Petru Rare, acesta
punnd bazee actuae cdr dn patr. Incendat n 1618, avea s e
refcut n 1625, adugndu--se o fntn de 81 m adncme (1627) patru
bastoane a cotur (1630). A servt uteror drept garnzoan pentru armatee
habsburgce nchsoare n peroada anor 1940 - 1950.
1533: Umanstu |ohannes Honterus nnteaz prma tpograe dn Braov,
urmat de prmu gmnazu dn ocatate, a 1544.
1546: La Braov se nnteaz prma moar de hrte dn sud-estu Europe.
1559: Daconu Cores tprete a Braov prma sa carte n mba romn:
,ntrebare cretneasc".
1599: La 4 octombre, Mha Vteazu ntr n Braov unde unete oastea cu
trupee secuor rscuat. n zua urmtoare, voevodu prmete chea
orauu. Dup cucerrea Transvane, va tne prma det n Casa Sfatuu.
1628: Protopopu Vase dn Sche Braovuu scre prma cronc oca cu
subect romnesc.
Harta Braovuu dn anu 1897
1688: Braoven se rscoa mpotrva noor autortt habsburgce. Mcarea
este nbut, ar cap e executat.
1689 21 apre: Un mare ncendu pustete cetatea. Putne cdr rmn
neatnse. n urma aceste caamtt, autortte braovene decd nterzcerea
constructe caseor dn emn. Refacerea orauu a durat ma bne de un
seco, tmp n care -a schmbat aspectu arhtectonc a fatadeor.
1731: Dascu chean Petcu Soanu tprete prmu caendar-amanah
romnesc.
1757: Dmtre Eustatevc scre prma gramatc romneasc. Este peroada
de vrf a actvtt dascor cheen.
1804: Se ntroduce umnatu pubc n nteroru cett prn nstaarea
fenareor cu ue.
Imagne panoramc dn 1906
1835: Se nnteaz ,Casa genera de econom" dn Braov, prma nsttute
de credt dn Transvana. ntre 1837 1867, prmu drector a acestea va
Peter Lange von Burgenkron.
1838: Apare, sub obdurea mpratuu de a Vena, zaru ,Gazeta de
Transvana", n redacta u George Bart. Este prmu zar romnesc dn
Maree Prncpat a Transvane. Tot ac, tprete ,Foae pentru mnte,
nm teratur".
1848: Revouta paoptst cuprnde Braovu. Ac a fost redactat
documentu programatc ,Prntpure noastre pentru reformarea patre", de
ctre frunta de seam a cutur potc modovene (Aexandru Ioan Cuza,
Vase Aecsandr, Aecu Russo, Costache Negr, Gheorghe Son, Ion Ionescu
de a Brad). Se cerea unrea tuturor romnor ntr-un sngur stat. Romn dn
Sche manfesteaz pe 11 apre pentru ctgarea de dreptur potce.
1850: Este ntemeat Gmnazu romn sub obdurea mtropotuu de Sbu
Andre Saguna, a cru nume este purtat astz.
1854: ntre Braov Sbu s-a nstaat o ne teegrac.
1862, 6 decembre: mpratu Franz |oseph semneaz egea pentru
construrea ne ferate care s ege Braovu de Budapesta, va Sbu.
1873, 30 marte: n Braov sosete prmu tren. Uteror, n 1879, avea s e
dat n foosnt na Braov - Bucuret.
Harta Braovuu n 1922
Stema orauu n peroada nterbec
1889: Braovu dspunea de o centra teefonc a care erau conectat 22 de
abonat partcuar. Exsta o egtur teefonc cu Zrnetu.
1891: Se ntroduce prmu tramva cu abur a Braov pe tneraru Gara
Bartoomeu - Pata Sfatuu - Satuung (Scee). Uteror, ocomotva va
nocut cu una pe baz de motorn.
1911: La 1 octombre, Aure Vacu efectueaz un zbor cu nou su aparat,
decond dn curtea Gmnazuu ,Andre Saguna".
1916: 16 august Armata Romn ntr n Braov. Dr. Gheorghe Bauescu
devne prmu prmar romn a Braovuu. Pe 8 octombre garnzoana
romneasc dn ora este nfrnt n aa-numta Tranee a mort dn
Bartoomeu. Admnstrata austro-ungar este repus n dreptur.
1919: n Braov este nstaat admnstrata Regatuu Romn.
1930: Este nntat Uzna eectrc, cu nantarea prncpaeor fabrc
braovene, nevote pn atunc s utzeze generatoare propr.
1940: n urma Dctatuu de a Vena, Braovu rmne Romne. Pe 10
noembre cutremuru puternc este resmtt a Braov (7,4 grade pe scara
Rchter).
1943: Pn n 1944 Braovu sufer dstruger nsemnate dn cauza
bombardamenteor avate amercane.
1945: n anuare, sa dn Braov sunt deportat n U.R.S.S.
ntre 8 septembre 1950 24 decembre 1960 s-a numt Orau Stan|5|,
dup Iosf Vssaronovc Stan, a fost captaa regun cu acea nume. A
fost decarat muncpu a 17 februare 1968.
1960: Se naugureaz cdrea Teatruu Dramatc.
1968: Are oc prma edte a Festvauu Internatona ,Cerbu de Aur".
1971: Se nnteaz ,Unverstatea dn Braov", prn uncarea Insttutuu
Potehnc cu Insttutu Pedagogc.
1977: Pe 4 marte se resmte un cutremur puternc (7,2 grade pe scara
Rchter). Uteror au oc consodr a Casa Sfatuu, Poarta Sche, Lceu
Sportv a ate cdr afectate.
1986: 31 august: Cutremur de pmnt (7 grade pe scara Rchter).
1987: 15 Noembre Braoven se revot mpotrva regmuu comunst. Totu
a pornt de a ntreprnderea de Autocamoane, unde ucrtor erau
nemutumt de nepata saaror cuvente nsprrea condtor de tra. L s-
au raat munctor de a ate ntreprnder, precum o mare parte a
popuate orauu. Revota a fost nbut de fortee comunste, ar der e
ntemntat supu a tortur deportr.
1989: 21 - 25 decembre Revouta. La Braov au oc voente sodate cu
numeroase vctme (84 mort 236 rnt). Detne ttu de ora-martr.
1990: 30 ma: Cutremur de pmnt (6,9 grade pe scara Rchter).
2004: 27 octombre: Cutremur de pmnt resmtt foarte puternc (6 grade pe
scara Rchter).
Caamtt abtute asupra Braovuu|modcare | modcare surs|
Cutremure: 1473, 1590, 1662, 1738, 1802, 1940, 1977, 1986, 1990, 2004 ,
2013
Furtun: 1457, 1490, 1599, 1667, 1673, 1682, 1913
Incend: 1461, 1519, 1689, 1718
Inundat:
Invaz: 1241 (ttar), 1421 (turc), 1438 (turc), 1658 (ttar)
Cum ate bo mortae: 1495, 1510 - 1511, 1530 - 1531, 1572, 1588, 1602
- 1603, 1646, 1660, 1756
- pentru prma dat se au msur ecente de stpnre a focaruu
Numee stema|modcare | modcare surs|
Etmooga toponmeor Braov Corona|modcare | modcare surs|
Acest artco are nevoe de atenta unu expert n store.
Recrutat unu sau, dac suntet n msur, a|utat char dumneavoastr a
mbunttrea artcouu!
Ipoteza provenente savo-romne|modcare | modcare surs|
Braov este un nume romno-sav |6| ,ntr-o ucrare dn 1933, Ncoae
Drganu constata c numee Braov era foarte rspndt n spatu tr
noastre: ntr-o comun Ien, ntr-o at comun Rod| n |udetu Tm n veacu
a XV-ea." n |udetu Neamt se aa o pdure un hdronm Braovana. Lng
Vasu exstau o vae un sat Braoventa. Lng Buzu era Izvoru
Braovuu Poana Braovuu. Lng Iaomta era toponmu 'Braovta |7|
|8| Ncoae Drganu atrbua toponmuu o etmooge savon (sava veche)
n baza numeu propru Braa (cf. Brasevo - Srbo-Muntenegrean Braskov,
Brastce Ceho-Bohema|9|),|10||11|. Sext Pucaru "Dar de a Bratosav ma
avem o forma hpocorstc, Braa, care e a baza numeu Braov, precum a
presupus N. Drganu" |12|. I. Ptrut, savst cu|ean, aprecaz ca un dervat
dn antroponmu Braso|8|
Profesoru Pave Bnder, ntr-un studu dn 1964, expc faptu c cee dou
numr, Corona Braov, se suprapun n tmp: Corona desemna cetatea, ar
Braov mpre|urme.|13| Aceste armat atrag repca u Aexandru Surdu,
care aprecaz c toponmu Braov este totuna cu a cett Braov. Totodat,
e socotete ca fantezst nterpretarea profesoruu braovean F. Phpp,
conform crea cee dou denumr, Corona Braov, se pot expca prn
egenda regeu maghar Soomon, care, ngropndu- coroana ng un
copac ar generat expresa sav ,crono na brad tschop-ta", astfe nct dn
crono derv Corona, ar dn brad - Bra(d)ov.|necest ctare|
At cercettor derv numee de a cetatea Braova de pe Tmpa, deea nd
propus n 1874 de F. Phpp reuat n 1928 de G. Treber E. |ekeus.
Astfe, e ocazeaz Braovu nta n cetatea de pe Tmpa, de unde s-ar
transms ma apo aezr dn vae. Etmoogc, e consderau numee Barasu
ca provennd dn savonu baras, nsemnnd ,cetate" sau ,adevr". Totu, G.
Ksch ncearc n 1929 o nou dervare a ceor dou toponme, Corona
Braov, dup ucrarea u F. Phpp: krun, care ar nsemnat ,enupr" sau
,brdor", de unde numee de Braeu > Br(d)eor. Dac se accept
varanta G. Ksch F. Phpp, atunc trebue mentonat c bradu (arhac
*bradzu) este un hdronm |ref?| rspndt apartne fonduu autohton
(traco-dac) a mb romne.|14| Braov poate reprezenta o form
autohton|15| Verdctatea aceste nterpretr etmoogce este ns
dubtab, dat nd c orgnea abanez |ref. DEX '09| a cuvntuu nu
mpc o provennet dacc, acest procedeu etmoogc putnd consderat
doar o specuate. Brasus este un antroponm autohton atestat de nscrpte
dn Daca Roman.|16||17|
Etmoogstu Aexandru Cornescu consder numee Braov n egtur cu
brs /brs, varante brt /brt|18|
n genera se consder c, n stadu n care se a cercetarea etmooge
a store Braovuu dn partea oogor storcor, probema etmooge
Braovuu este nc deschs orcror concuz.
Ipoteza provenente turco-bugare|modcare | modcare surs|
Conform aceste poteze Braov, n ungurete Brass provne dn Bara-su,
semnc ,ap tubure". Fuvum Brassou este atestat ntr-un document dn
1360. Char croncaru chean Radu Tempea arma c ,Braovu s-a numt pe
numee ape ce- zce Braova".|13| Pave Bnder paseaz ru ns n Tara
Brse nu a poaee Tmpe, probab ru Ghmbav. Totu, se pare c ru
despre care se vorbete nu e atu dect actuau pru Graft, care, pn a
canazat, venea dn Sche nvoburat mare |8|
Este un fapt storc, c n secou IX mperu bugaror turc cuprndea sudu
Transvane (vez mportanta mneor de sare de ac). Cuvntu de orgne
turc veche ,asz" s-a pstrat pn astz n foarte mute toponme dn
Ardea Ungara (fostu Regat a Ungare) unde au trt popuat de orgne
turc (avar, bugar turc, peceneg, cuman). Exempe:
Bondorasz (Budureasa, Bhor)
Karasz (Crsu, Bhor)
Farkasasz (Frcaa, Maramure)
Feketeasz (Fntna Brazor, Harghta)
Bharhosszasz (Hussu de Tnca, Bhor)
Krasznahosszasz (Husen, Sa|)
Vaskohaszd (Izbuc, Bhor)
Lasz (Lsu, Hunedoara)
Naszd (Nsud)
Asz (Oso, Cu|)
Szarvasz (Sarasu, Maramure)
Aszrts (Sohodo, Bhor)
Skasz (Scasu, Harghta)
Marosasz (Ususu, Arad)
Hosszasz (Vaea Lung, Aba)
Krass (Karasz: "ap neagr") (Cara) (Vez ,Feketegy", adc Ru Negru
n |ud. Covasna
Aszd (ocatate n Ungara; cu suxu posesv -d)
n regun ocute de ceang: Asz (Asu, Bacu), pru Asz (Asu, |ud.
Neamt) etc.
Aceste nume, ca o mare parte a toponmeor dn Ardea sunt transcrer
fonetce ae fosteor denumr maghare (cu ntees concret, pe cnd
denumre romnet nu poart nc un ntees).
Termen dervat|modcare | modcare surs|
Braoav Bavern, mncun, scornea, paavr. Provne de a obceu
negustoror braoven de a- uda marfa prn trgur, de cee ma mute or
n mod exagerat.
Braovean (form nvecht) Negustor care vndea mrfur de Braov.
Braoveanc Crut sau trsur mare cu covtr. Au fost cunoscute
romnor n prmu rnd cee fabrcate ac.
Braovenete Cu mncun, cu paavre. ,Nu-m vorb braovenete c nu-m
pac braoavee!" (V. Aecsandr).
Braovene Marf produs n Braov, or prve unde se vndea astfe de
marf.
Lad de Braov Lad produs n acest ora, bogat ornamentat n cuor
foarte sod. ,...Adevratu provnca nu merge ncodat a drum dect cu
ad de Braov" (M. Kognceanu).
Stema steagu muncpuu|modcare | modcare surs|
Stemee vech ae Braovuu
Steagu Braovuu dn anu 1600
Steagu actua a Braovuu
n 1353 stema Braovuu consta dntr-o coroan cu euroane n form de
crn, nsott de o oare de crn. Dn 1429 a aprut trunchu de copac aat
sub coroan. mpreun, aceste smbour sunt arme vorbtoare, adc
sugereaz prn desen numee cett (Corona). Stema actua a muncpu
Braov, aprobat de Consu Loca n anu 1996, contne un scut abastru pe
care apare un trunch de copac cu 13 rdcn argnt cee 13 comune ae
Tr Brse care es dntr-o coroan aure cu tre ob smbou puter.
Scutu este tmbrat de o coroan mura de argnt, format dn apte turnur
nsemnu specc pentru muncp reednt de |udet. Semncata n
ansambu a steme este ,nteepcunea Puterea conduc de-a purur
Cetatea". Stema a fost aprobat de ctre Comsa Natona de Heradc, dn
cadru Academe Romne.
Steagu Braovuu, adoptat de Prmre, este reazat dn mtase ab-argnte
are pe cee dou fete stema muncpuu. Deasupra steme sunt
nscrptonate cuvntee ,MUNICIPIUL BRASOV", ar sub stem ,Deo vndc
Patr". Totu, steagure exstente dfer ntructva de prevedere hotrr
consuu oca. Pe steag se a doar stema muncpuu, sub care, cu tere
groase ro, scre BRASOV. Aceste eemente se ntnesc doar pe aversu
steaguu, reversu rmnnd ab.
Ma exst un steag neoca, propus de Preedntee Consuu |udetean,
steag care dateaz dn 1600. Este reazat dup o cope a acestua aat a
Potsdam, n Germana.|necest ctare| A reprezentat un cadou pentru
mpratu Rudof a II-ea dn partea u Mha Vteazu.|necest ctare| Astfe,
pe funda vnu (probab purpuru nta) demtat, sus |os, de dou benz
gabene, se a, ntr-un cerc abastru demtat de o mpettur aure, stema
Braovuu, sub care scre ,CORONA" cu tere gotce. De deasupra de
dedesubtu cercuu centra pornesc pangc gabene ctre cotur. n mod
curent, acesta este expus astz n fata cdr n care se a Consu
|udetean (respectv Paatu |ustte), pe Turnu Ab a Bevedere, pe deau
Varte, deasupra Turnuu Negru. Locu dn urm benecaz de umnat
festv pe tmp de noapte, n mod smar drapeuu natona de pe Tmpa.
Geograe|modcare | modcare surs|
Topograa Braovuu n curbe de nve cu eeva[e de 3m.
Locazare|modcare | modcare surs|
Muncpu Braov, reednta |udetuu, se a n centru tr, n Depresunea
Braovuu, stuat a o attudne mede de 625 m, n curbura ntern a
Carpator, demtat n partea de S SE de masvee Postvaru care ptrunde
prntr-un pnten (Tmpa) n ora Patra Mare, a 161 km de Bucuret. Este
accesb cu automobu/autobuzu sau cu trenu. n aproperea sa se gsesc
ocatte Predea, Buten, Snaa, Fgra Sghoara. Muncpu are o
suprafat de 267,32 km. Treptat, n procesu de dezvotare, Braovu a
ngobat n structura sa satee Noua, Drste, Honterus (astz carteru Astra)
Stupn. De asemenea, pe ng Tmpa, muncpu a ma ncon|urat
Deau Sprengh, Deau Mor, Deau Mecor, Deau Warthe, Stra|a (Deau
Cett) Deau Pe Romur, Ste|ru char ngobeaz n structura sa
vrfu Postvaru. Prn ngobarea n structura sa a vrfuu Postvaru, Braovu
este orau aat a cea ma mare attudne dn Romna.
Hdrograe|modcare | modcare surs|
Prn muncpu Braov trec rure Scheu (numt ru Graft), Vaea Te, Vaea
Rcdu, Vaea Popor cu Vaea Scurt, Vaea Foror, Gorganu, Ru Tm
Canau Tm.
For faun|modcare | modcare surs|
Fora muncpuu nu dfer de cea a |udetuu. Anmaee sbatce sunt rare,
trnd retrase n pdure dn mpre|urm. Turt care se aventureaz n
acestea sunt avertzat c pot ntn ur, up sau vup. Muntee Tmpa este
decarat rezervate natura (203,4 ha) care prote|eaz cteva spec de
pante rare endemce. Spre exempu, pe versantu sudc exst mc
suprafete cu vegetate de step.
Braov este snguru ora dn ume|necest ctare| care ncude n tertoru
su admnstratv o rezervate natura, muntee Tmpa, un vrf muntos,
vrfu Postvaru.
Cm precptat|modcare | modcare surs|
n Braov, vara dureaz aproxmatv 50 de ze, ar arna dureaz crca 90 de
ze. Cma muncpuu Braov are un specc temperat-contnenta,
caracterzndu-se prn nota de tranzte ntre cma temperat de tp oceanc
cea temperat de tp contnenta: ma umed rcoroas n zonee de
munte, cu precptat reatv reduse temperatur uor sczute n
depresune. Temperatura obnut de var se stueaz n ntervau 22 C -
27 C, ar cea de arn ntre -18 C -2 C. Deseor arna, temperatura n
Poana Braov a|unge a +15 C (a soare), n aceast statune putnd
practcate aproape toate sporture de arn. Stratu de zpad prenc pentru
schat dureaz aproxmatv 71 de ze a Braov. Umdtatea aeruu are vaor
med anuae de 75%.
Demograe|modcare | modcare surs|
Strada Repubc
De-a ungu tmpuu, odat cu dezvotarea economc a orauu extnderea
acestua, a crescut popuata sa. Numa pentru utmee secoe, putem
apreca sporu aproape exponenta:
1890: || 30 781 ocutor
1930: ||||| 59 232 ocutor
1941: ||||||| 84 557 ocutor
1948: ||||||| 82 984 ocutor
1972: |||||||||||||||| 192 205 ocutor
1992: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 363 736 ocutor
2000: ||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 330 702 ocutor
2002: |||||||||||||||||||||||| 284 596 ocutor
2011: |||||||||||||||||||||| 253 200 ocutor
Note: ncude comuna suburban Ghmbav; numr estmatv
n trecut|modcare | modcare surs|
1850|modcare | modcare surs|
Conform recensmntuu dn 1850 popuata Braovuu era de 21.782 de
ocutor, dntre care:
8.874 german (40,8%)
8.727 romn (40%)
2.939 maghar (13,4%)
780 tgan (3,6%)
67 evre (0,3%)
1.242 at (grec, bugar etc.)
1890|modcare | modcare surs|
n anu 1890 Braovu avea 30.739 ocutor, dn care:
10.441 maghar (34%)
9.758 romn (31,7%)
9.578 german(sa) (31,2%)
3.753 at
1930|modcare | modcare surs|
Popua[a Braovuu n 1930
Conform recensmntuu dn 1930 popuata orauu Braov era de 59.232
de ocutor, dntre care:
23.269 maghar (39,3%)
19.372 romn (32,7%)
13.014 german (22,0%)
2.267 evre (3,8%)
267 ceh sovac (0,5%) .a.
Ca mb matern n Braov domna mba maghar, decarat drept mb
matern de 24.977 de persoane reprezentnd 42,2% dn ocutor, urmat de
mba romn, decarat mb matern de 19.378 de persoane reprezentnd
32,7% dn popuata orauu, respectv germana, vorbt ca mb matern de
13.276 de persoane reprezentnd 22,4% dn ocutor. Restu mbor erau
vorbte ecare de ma putn de 1% dn popuata urban. Se cuvne
mentonat mba d, care a fost decarat drept mb matern de un numr
de 537 de persoane, reprezentnd 0,9% dn popuata Braovuu.
Sub aspect confesona popuata Braovuu era actut dn:
17.763 ortodoc (30,0%)
13.207 romano-catoc (22,3%)
13.050 uteran (22,0%)
8.237 reformat (13,9%)
2.594 mozac (4,4%)
2.049 greco-catoc (3,5%)
1.905 untaren (3,2%) .a.
Restu confesunor reprezentau ecare sub 1% dn popuata orauu Braov.
2002|modcare | modcare surs|
Pata Sfatuu
Muncpu Braov are, potrvt recensmntuu dn 2002|19|, o popuate de
284.596 ocutor. Structura etnc a acestea este urmtoarea:
Romn: 201.269 (90,66%)
Maghar (ncuznd secu): 23.204 (8,54%)
Sa: 1.717 (0,60%)
Tgan: 762 (0,26%)
Evre: 138
Ate natonatt: (ru, grec, taen): 871 (0,31%)
Recensmntu dn anu 2002 a reevat c n Braov exst urmtoaree
confesun: Ortodoc - 244.220, Reformat-Cavn, Greco-catoc, Pentcosta,
Untaren, Romano-catoc, Baptt Adventt de Zua a Saptea. De
asemenea 273 persoane s-au decarat fr rege 238 ate.
mpreun cu regunea metropotan, creat n 2007, Braovu ar avea,
estmatv 400.000 de ocutor (2007).
Astz|modcare | modcare surs|
Muncpu Braov are, potrvt recensmntuu dn 2011, o popuate de
227.961 ocutor.|2| Structura etnc a acestea este urmtoarea:
Romn: 208.757 (91,3%)
Maghar (ncuznd secu): 16.172 (7,1%)
Sa: 1.079 (0,5%)
Tgan: 916 (0,4%)
Ate natonatt: (ru, evre, grec, taen): 1037 (0,7%)
Cutur educate|modcare | modcare surs|
Istorc|modcare | modcare surs|
Teatru Dramatc
Prma coa romneasc dn che Braovuu (1760), astz muzeu
Cutura nvtmntu -au crot oc n vata braovenor nc de tmpuru.
Este destu s amntm de Prma coa romneasc, dn Sche, aprut se
pare nante de 1399, cu sera sa de dasc (fama Tempea, Daconu Cores,
Dmtre Eustatevc etc.) tparnt propre. Lucrre aprute ac s-au
rspndt n ntreg spatu romnesc. Totodat, preot cheen pteau sume,
exorbtante uneor, pentru nzestrarea co a bserc Sf. Ncoae cu
manuscrse tprtur. n cetate a actvat n secou XVI umanstu sas
|ohannes Honterus, care a nntat o coa, o bbotec o tparnt. A
edtat numeroase crt, ar bboteca sa a fost famoas prn coecta sa de
ncunabue. Dn pcate, ncendu dn 1689 e-a mstut aproape n ntregme.
ncepnd cu secou XIX s-au nmutt coe, au aprut teatre, pubcat, s-au
organzat dverse serbr cu specc, au aprut teegrafu teefonu. Acest
veac a dat braovenor crema nteectuatt sae, prn fam precum cea a
Mureenor, Bart, Pucaru, dasc de a Gmnazu romnesc, profesor de
a ceu Honterus, grupat n ma|ortate n |uru Casne romne, or a ASTREI.
Secou XX a adus cnematografu, radou, teevzunea, nternetu. Astz
cutura nvtmntu sunt reprezentate promovate cu succes n rndu
tuturor braovenor, prn cee ma dverscate m|oace.
Insttut de cutur|modcare | modcare surs|
Bboteca |ude[ean George Bar[u
n Braov au fost nntate cteva teatre o armonc: Teatru Dramatc
,Sc Aexandrescu", Opera Braov (nta Teatru Muzca, apo Teatru Lrc),
Farmonca ,Gheorghe Dma", Teatru de ppu ,Arechno", Centru Cutura
,Reduta". De asemenea, exst o sere de organzat cuturae, n mare
parte nntate dup 1990. Mert s amntm de Ununea Arttor Pastc,
Asocata cutura Musashno (|apona), Aanta Francez, Centru Cutura
German, Brtsh Counc, Casa de cutur a studentor de Centru Cutura
|aponez. Bbotece sunt bne rspndte n ora, n prncpa datort aeor
bbotec |udetene. Au fost nntate ns ate bbotec: Bboteca Aante
Franceze, Bboteca Consuu Brtanc, Bboteca Unverstt ,Transvana".
Cartea este pretut mut de braoven, ac exstnd att o sere de brr
antcarate (Lbrra St. O. Iosf, Lbrra George Cobuc, Lbrra Rau, Lbrra
Teora, Antcaratu Adus, Antcaratu Sympozon) ct de edtur (Adus,
Brastar, Dverstas, Edtura Unv. Transvana, Fundata cutura Arana,
Lternet, Mx, Phoenx (Vrtpoux), Romprnt). Cnematografee s-au mputnat
dn peroada comunst, n prncpa datort aparte sstemeor performante
de home theatre. Cee care au ma rmas sunt: Cnematografu Buevard
ma nou nntatu cnematograf dn Eana Ma, Ctypex. Domenu muzc
este reprezentat dn nou cu succes, de ctre Orchestra Farmonc
Gheorghe Dma, formata rock Grup 74, formata rock Conexun, formata
rock Aa, formata rock Expermenta, grupure fok Om Bun Tane Fok,
formata dance H-O formata dance Fy Pro|ect.
Arhtectur|modcare | modcare surs|
Poarta Ecaterne, n st casc
Artco prncpa: Arhtectura Braovuu.
Arhtectura braovean, este specc, ecare cas avndu- ptorescu e.
Rdcarea constructor s-a fcut, de-a ungu tmpuu, conform unor prncp
urbanstce bne stabte, mpuse de condte geograce ae Braovuu.
Astfe, casee dn Cetate se spr|n una pe ata, pe cnd cee dn carteree
exteroare sunt ma rsrate.
Cu greu se ma pot ntn astz cdr vech, datnd de secoe. Acestea au
de regu un sngur eta|, peret exteror sunt pst de ornamente, ar
ferestree sunt mc, comparatv cu standardee actuae. Exceptnd Bserca
Sf. Bartoomeu (secou XIII), Bserca Neagr (secou XIV cu excepta bote
a acoperuu) fortcate (secou XV), se pot amnt Casa |ekeus,
Bboteca Honterus Grnaru orauu, toate datnd dn secou XVI.
Sture arhtecturae varaz, de a preromantc (Cetatea Braova), romanc
(Bserca Sf. Bartoomeu), gotc (Bserca Neagr), casc (Poarta Ecaterne),
renascentst (astz ma putn observat, datort renovror, caracterstc
portor cu bot rotund, nteroru Case Sfatuu), a baroc (casee secouu
XVIII, n speca fatada Case Sfatuu stucature ocunteor dn Sche;
Bserca romano-catoc Sf. Petru), rococo venez, neo-renatere, neo-baroc
(secou XIX; toate paatee dn Braov sunt construte n acest st), Art
Nouveau, brncovenesc (Bboteca |udetean, casee dn Sche care au
apartnut famor domntoare dn Tara Romneasc) modern (constructe
de dup 1980).
n acest ora a fost confectonat nstaat o cope a ,Statu Lupoace"
(,Lupa Captona"), smbou atntt poporuu romn.
n utma vreme (an 2000, an 2010) s-a dezvotat o zon de afacer a
muncpuu, ce cuprnde cdr nsprate de noua arhtectur a secouu a
XXI-ea. Ma|ortatea adpostesc brour, centre comercae sau sed ae unor
nsttut pubce. Cea ma mare parte dn aceste cdr respect stu
cromatc predomnant: nuanta de gr specc bocuror de ocunte. Se
estmeaz c zona de afacer va cunoate o mare extndere n urmtor an.
Festvau Internatona ,Cerbu de Aur"|modcare | modcare surs|
Artco prncpa: Festvau ,Cerbu de Aur".
,Cerbu de Aur" este un festva braovean de tradte, care adun pe scena
sa tnere taente vaor nternatonae. Festvau a fost organzat pentru
prma dat n 1968, a dornta expres a guvernuu romn , ce voa s
demonstreze Vestuu c Romna este o tar deschs. Patru an ma trzu,
Ceauescu a desntat Cerbu, prn urmre ceebreor sae teze dn apre.
Urmtoaree apte edt au fost tnute ntre 1992 (an n care a fost prezentat
egenda Cerbuu de Aur) 1997. Utmee edt s-au desfurat ntre 2001
2005. Pe scena Cerbuu au urcat numeroase ceebrtt, att ca
concurent (|uo Igesas, 1970; Enrque Igesas; Chrstna Aguera, 1997), ct
pentru a sustne concerte (Chares Aznavour, Ch Rchard, Dada,
|osephne Baker, Rta Pavone, Patrca Kaas, Kenny Rogers, Boy George, Ray
Chares, Kye Mnogue, Dana Ross, Vaya Con Dos, Toto Cutugno, |erry Lee
Lews, P!nk, Key Famy, Rcky Martn) dfuzndu-se n drect a Teevzunea
Romn. n 2007 festvau nu a ma avut oc, urmnd s se recupereze n
2008.
|un Braoven|modcare | modcare surs|
Artco prncpa: |un Braoven.
|un braoven, deega[ a Marea Adunare Na[ona de a Aba Iua dn 1918
n ecare an, n Sche Braovuu, n prma dumnc de dup Pat - a Tom -
att braoven ct turt asst a un spectaco cu eemente de mt, rt,
ceremona mage. Este vorba despre dearea |unor manfestarea
obceuror pe care aceta e-au motent dn tmpur strvech. ,|un trebue
prvt ca un rest de epoc pgn, o strveche serbare de prmvar, care
serbeaz renverea natur, nvngerea soareu asupra asprm geruu
ern, nceputu vet no... ar serbarea trebue consderat ca un cut regos
precretn, conrmat de mpre|urarea c ea se petrece tot tmpu pe
deaur, nd un obce cunoscut nc de a dac" (|uus Teutsch, croncar sas).
|un dn Sche ce dn Braovu Vech mpart tradt comune au fost unt
spata, nante de venrea saor, care treptat -au desprtt cu Cetatea. Aba
dup 1918 s-a perms revenrea n Sche a braovechenor. Exst apte
grupur de |un, dup cum urmeaz: |un Tner, |un Curcan, |un Btrn,
|un Dorobant, |un Abor, |un Roor |un Braovechen.
Vase Otean n cartea |un dn Sche Braovuu - Monograe Istorca -
mentoneaz c: "George Bartu, fr a semna artcou, n prmu perodc
braovean, a 26 marte 1839 preznt obceu |unor, asemundu-
cuaror, armat care sunt actuae" s "Ocupndu-se de buna desfurare
a acestu obce, protopopu braovean Vase Vona sustne n fata studentor
teoog dn Sbu o confernt, pubcat apo n putn cunoscuta revst a
acestora (scrs de mn), pstrat n arhva Mtropoe consderenteor
prvnd orgnea dacc a aezr de a Petree u Soomon, profesoru
braovean se ocup de etnogeneza |unor, gsndu-e orgn ndeprtate
provenent geto-dacc, roman nu sav-bugar"
Ate manfestr cuturae|modcare | modcare surs|
Festvau Internatona ,Cerbu de Aur" - anua
Zee Braovuu - anua (coreate cu srbtoarea |unor)
Festvau Concursu Natona a Leduu Romnesc - anua
Festvau de |azz Bues - anua
Festvau muzc de camer - anua
Festvau teatruu contemporan - anua
Concertee de org a Bserca Neagr - sptmna
Festvau Ber (Beraru mare)- anua
Festvau Aurora (Beraru mc) - anua
Festvau Recote - anua
Trgu meteugaror dn toat tara - anua (de obce coreate cu Zee
Braovuu)
Cnema teatru|modcare | modcare surs|
Teatru Sc Aexandrescu - adresa: Pata Teatruu nr 1, Braov
Teatru pentru Cop Arechno Braov - adresa: str. Apoona Hrscher nr. 10,
Braov
Farmonca Braov
Opera Braov - adresa: Str. Bserc Romane Nr. 51, Braov
Cnematografu Ctypex Braov (fostu GO Mutpex) - Adresa: Str. Bazatuu,
nr. 2, Eana Ma Braov
Cnematografu Patra (anu acesta sau anu vtor se va muta Farmonca
Braov)
Educate|modcare | modcare surs|
Artco prncpa: Lsta ceeor dn Braov.
Unverstatea Transvana dn Braov
Muncpu Braov detne un numr de 46 de grdnte cu program norma sau
preungt, 28 de co generae, 8 coeg natonae, 8 cee, un semnar
teoogc, 11 grupur coare, o unverstate de stat cu 16 facutt 4 coeg,
o academe a forteor aerene, precum 6 unverstt prvate un numr de
co postceae. De asemenea, n Braov se organzeaz perodc cursur de
mb strne de (re)cacare de ctre dferte rme sau de ctre Ocu
|udetean a forteor de munc.
Econome|modcare | modcare surs|
Avoane IAR80
1826 - Danga pentru vtee dn Braov
Dezvotarea ndustra a Braovuu a nceput n peroada nterbec, atunc
cnd ac a fost nntat fabrca de avoane ,I.A.R." (1925). Aceasta a produs
prmee avoane romnet, fooste n tmpu ceu de-a doea rzbo monda
mpotrva Unun Sovetce. O dat cu termnarea rzbouu venrea
armate ruset n Braov, fabrca a fost desntat transformat n uzn de
tractoare, ar uta|ee echpamentu au fost conscate, und ntegra
drumu Unun Sovetce. Astz, fabrca de avoane IAR functoneaz ng
Ghmbav, producnd ecoptere Puma dup standardee europene.
n ceea ce prvete ndustra amentar, Braovu are o veche tradte a
fabrcor de bere, ncepnd cu cee ae u Whem Cze, cea de a Drste
termnnd cu ,Aurora" de az. Este de mentonat vechea fabrc de
cocoat ,Poana" (uteror Kraft |acobs Suchard) care contnu s produc
ducur. Ma amntm fabrca de pancate ,Postvaru" fabrca de produse
actate ,Prodacta".
n 1921 a Braov se nnta fabrca de ocomotve vagoane |20|
,ROMLOC". Dup venrea comuntor a putere, fabrca a fost redenumt
,Steagu Rou" (astz ,Roman S.A."). Aceasta a fabrcat numeroase modee
de camoane, att sub cent strn, ct dup desgn romnesc. Dup
1989, rma braovean a ncercat mereu s tn pasu cu cerntee europene,
astfe c astz produce o gam arg de autobuze, autouttare
autocamoane cu desgn nou eegant. n prezent "Roman S.A." apartne
rme "Prescon S.A." dn Braov.
Ate rme mportante n peroada nterbec erau Scherg (1823) de stofe,
Sche de uta|e hdrauce (1919), Teutsch de scue (1833) Kger de
cment. Actua ee se numesc Carpatex, Hdromecanca, I.U.S. Temea, sunt
n ma|ortate rme cu capta prvat contnu producta.
n peroada comunst s-au remarcat dou mar ntreprnder: Uzna
,Tractoru", ce a produs dferte modee tona|e de tractoare,
Intreprnderea de Produse Cosmetce ,Nvea", rm care a monopozat ntreg
Orentu Apropat Europa estc (bocu comunst) datort raportuu
catate/pret |1|. ,Beersdorf" a fost prezent n Romna nc dn 1906, ma
precs, de cnd compana ,Samy Hornsten" dn Bucuret devenea
dstrbutor unc a produseor ,Beersdorf". n 1949, fabrca ,Nvea" dn
Braov a fost natonazat, ar drectoru e, Tarta Vasc, a sufert tortura
apcat de autortte de represune braovene, dup care a fost trms n
temnt a Aud. Datort faptuu c, dup rzbo, rme germane -a fost
conscat marca, chestune reparat aba n 1997, n urma unu proces,
Nvea Braov a detnut, o vreme, monopou asupra dreptuu de utzare a
numeu su. Frma braovean nu ma exst astz, ocu e nd uat de
fabrca ,Cogate-Pamove". S ate compan strne -au deschs aboratoare
centre de producte n Braov de curnd (d. ex. ,GaxoSmthKne").
O mportant parte a econome braovene se bazeaz pe servc, construct,
ndustra uoar.
Tursm|modcare | modcare surs|
Bserca Neagr
Arhtectura caseor de pe Str. Repubc
Promenad sub Tmpa
Aeea Dup zdur
n prmee 11 un ae anuu 2012 Braovu a avut 666.000 de turt.|21|
Locata centra n cadru tr de care se bucur muncpu Braov fac dn
acesta un mportant punct de pecare pentru turt dn tar strntate. De
ac se pot face excurs a Marea Neagr, n Bucovna, cu vesttee sae
mnstr, n Maramure, pe munt dn antu carpatc, n zona cettor dacce
dn Tara Hateguu etc.
n muncpu, autortte au demarat un ampu proces de renovare a vechor
monumente de transformare a acestora n puncte muzeae, n mare parte
nazat.
Cea ma bun vedere asupra orauu se poate obtne dn vrfu munteu
Tmpa (960m), unde se poate a|unge cu teecabna sau pe |os.
Obectve turstce|modcare | modcare surs|
Muzee
Muzeu de Istore Braov, aat n Casa Sfatuu
Casa Mureenor (ste)
Muzeu prme co romnet, dn Sche, avnd expus prma carte tprt n
mba romn
Muzeu Fortcator dn Tara Brse, amena|at n Bastonu Testoror
Muzeu-restaurant Cettua, aat n vechea fortcate de pe Stra| (Deau
Cett)
Punctee muzeae dn Turnu Negru, Turnu Ab Bastonu Graft
Muzeu de Art
Muzeu de Etnograe
Muzeu Cvzate Urbane Braov, deschs n 2009; prmu muzeu de acest
gen dn tar
Bserc tempe
Bserca Neagr - construt ntre 1377 1477 pe ocu une vech bazc
romane
Bserca Sf. Ncoae - secou a XIV-ea
Bserca Sf. Bartoomeu - secou a XIII-ea
Bserca Sf. Martn de pe Stra|
Bserca Sf. Gheorghe, nntat ntr-un vech conac de vntoare
Snagoga
Snagoga Ortodox
Ate cdr, monumente ocur
Bastonu Testoror - tur vrtua
Poarta Ecaterne, 1559
Poarta Sche, 1827
Trotee dn Sche (cea ma veche datnd dn 1291)
Aeea Dup zdur
Pata Sfatuu
Strada Repubc dn Braov
Strada Mureenor dn Braov
Promenada de sub Tmpa
Bevedere
Casa Negustoror dn Braov (Podu Btuor sau Cerbu Carpatn)
Strada Sfor
Parcur rezervat naturae
Parcu Ncoae Ttuescu, Parcu Consu Europe, Parcu Trandaror, Parcu
Tractoru
Scuaru Berze, Scuaru Mha Emnescu
Grdna Zooogc dn Noua
Tmpa
Poana Braov
Petree u Soomon
n apropere poate vztat Casteu Bran sau bserce fortcate dn satee
care ncon|ur Braovu.
Hoteur, pensun restaurante|modcare | modcare surs|
Muncpu Braov dspune de o mutme de hoteur pensun de dferte
categor care nsumeaz un numr de peste 5.000 de ocur de cazare. Dntre
cee ma mportante hoteur, amntm: ,Aro Paace"5*****, ar n Poana
Brasov: ,Patra Mare", ,Rua", ,Apn", ,Acas a Dracua" ,Edewess" 4***,
|M&D accommodaton|; n oras: ,Capto"3***, ,Ambent"4****, "Twns Apart
Hote"4****, ,Cty Center"3***, ,Braov"3***, ,Coroana"2** ,Postvaru" 1*,
ar ca pensun sunt de mentonat: ,Pensunea Luza" 3***, ,The Country
Hote"(3margarete), ,Bemann"(3margarete) ,Heradc Cub"(5margarete),
,Casa |asmne", ,La Resdenza", ,Casa Cranta", ,Casa Tepe" ,Curtea
Braovean" (4margarete) ,Leo", ,Ste|er", ,Memo" 3***, Casa dn Noua
3***
De asemenea, se poate opta pentru tursmu rura.
Transport|modcare | modcare surs|
Transportur nterne|modcare | modcare surs|
Autobuzee dn Braov
Braovu are peste 550 de strz nomnazate, nsumnd ma mut de 260 km
n ungme. Constructa unor no cartere de case bocur modc aceste
cfre de a an a an. Reteaua strada este puternc dezvotat, nd asgurate
umnatu pubc, semaforzarea ntersector mportante sau reazarea de
sensur grator, canazarea saubrzarea or. n muncpu Braov exst o
retea vast de transport, ctor putnd opta pentru autobuz, troebuz sau
tax.
n Braov sunt 47 de n de autobuz troebuz|22|. De asemenea, exsta,
pn de curnd, o ne de tramva, dat n foosnt a 23 august 1987 (pe
na 101). Acesta a fost nocut cu troebuze (na 8) a 15 octombre 2006.
Pentru a foos autobuzu sau troebuzu, ctoru este nevot s achte un
anumt pret pentru a prm a schmb un bet. Acest bet se acord se
ptete n functe de vrst (de exempu, ce sub 5 an pot ctor gratut).
Betu pentru autobuz/troebuz cost 2 e/ctore, cu excepta ne 20
(4.50 e/ctore) ne 100 (5.50 e/ctore), ar pentru pensonar
betu cost 2 e/ctore. Se ofer posbtatea procurr de abonamente
pe una/dou/toate ne, pe un nterva de 1/7/30 ze.
Artco prncpa: Lsta m|oaceor de transport n comun dn Braov.
n Braov exst 7 mar compan de tax. Tarfu, n ora, este n genera de
1,35 e/km. Pentru cursee n afara orauu, tarfu este dubu.
Dn Braov se pot nchra man prn ntermedu rmeor specazate.
n Braov, transportu pe cabu este bne reprezentat. Exst un teeferc ce
eag poaee de cumea Tmpe dou teecabne n Poana Braov: Kanze
Capra Neagr, care merg pn pe masvu Postvaru. Tot n Poana Braov
ma functoneaz o teegondo 6 teeskur. n vederea muncpatt se
a reazarea une teegondoe care va parcurge traseu Gara Centra -
Centru Vech - Petree u Soomon - Poana Braov.
Transportur externe|modcare | modcare surs|
Gara Braov
Muncpu Braov are unu dntre cee ma mportante nodur de cae ferat.
Exst 5 gr:
Gara Centra Braov - stuat n aproperea Centru Cvc;
Gara Stupn - stuata n zona de nord a orauu;
Gara Bartoomeu- stuat n zona de vest a orauu;
Gara Drste - stuat n zona de Sud-Est a orauu;
Tra| - cu depou de ocomotve - stuat n zona de Est a orauu.
Ce ferovare care trec prn muncpu:
Tronsonu: Braov - Predea - Bucuret
Tronsonu: Braov - Sfntu Gheorghe - Gheorghen
Tronsonu: Braov - Rupea - Sghoara - Oradea
Tronsonu: Braov - Fgra - Sbu - Teu
Tronsonu: Braov - Hrman - ntorsura Buzuu - ne concesonat
Tronsonu: Braov - Zrnet - ne concesonat
Tronsonu: E54 - Arad - Deva - Teu - Vntor - Braov - Bucuret (n
Romna) apartne de Cordoru IV European ferovar.
Braovu are tre autogr cu mcrobuze autobuze care fac egtura cu
aproape toat tara. Prn muncpu trec urmtoaree c rutere:
Sosee nternatonae Casa A:
E60 (Brest - Nantes - Orans - Auxerre - Zurch - Vena - Budapesta - Oradea -
Cu| Napoca - Trgu Mure - Braov - Bucuret - Constanta)
E68 (Szeged (Seghedn) - Ndac - Arad - Deva - Sebe - Sbu - Fgra -
Braov)
Sosee nternatonae Casa B:
E574 (Bacau - Onet - Trgu Secuesc - Braov - Ptet - Craova)
Drumur natonae:
DN1 (Oradea - Sbu - Fgra - Braov - Bucuret)
DN1A (Braov - Scee - pasu Bratocea - Ven de Munte - Poet)
DN10 (Braov - Hrman - pasu Buzu - Buzu)
DN11 (Braov - Hrman - pasu Otuz - Onet)
DN12 (Braov - Sfntu Gheorghe - Be Tunad - Mercurea-Cuc - Topta)
DN13 (Braov - Rupea - Sghoara - Buer - Trgu Mure)
DN73 (Braov - Bran - Cmpuung - Ptet)
Aeroportu Internatona Braov este n prezent n constructe,n
Ghmbav.Psta va avea o ungme de 2820 metr,turnu de contro va
construt n 2014,ar,ce ma probab,termnau,anu vtor.Va unu dntre
cee ma mportante aeroportur dn Romna.Consu |udetean sper a un
trac de peste un mon de pasager.Aeroportu va mut ma atractv pe
partea de cargo,deoarece aeroportu este stuat char n centru
tr.Aeroportu va termnat compet ce trzu n 2016.
n 2004 au nceput ucrre a Autostrada Transvana, pe ruta Bucuret -
Braov - Cu|-Napoca - Oradea - Budapesta, care va preua mare parte dn
tracu auto desfurat n estu Unun Europene. n prea|ma muncpuu,
autostrada va urmr traseu Predea - Rnov - Crstan - Ghmbav - Codea -
va face |onctune cu autostrada.
n peroada ceu de-a doea rzbo monda a exstat a Braov un aeroport
mtar, ng fabrca IAR, desntat ns de ctre autortte de ocupate
ruse. Toate uta|ee avoanee au fost trmse n Ununea Sovetc, n cadru
despgubror de rzbo. Pe ocu psteor de aterzare se a astz Gara
Centra, dn vechu aeroport nu a ma ramas dect turnu de contro.
Noa 64 apps hep ndex.png
Aceast pagn (sectune) necest o vercare.
De vercat: actuatatea dateor prvnd componenta Consuu
Sterget etcheta numa dup rezovarea probemeor.
Potc admnstrate|modcare | modcare surs|
Prmra Braov o repc a Lupe Captone
Artco prncpa: Admnstrata Braovuu.
Dn 1918 au fost ae prmar aat sub admnstrate romneasc. Prmu a
fost Dr. Caro Schne, prmar deegat pn n 1926, cnd s-a nceput practca
admnstrate ocae n mba romn. Pe durata ceu de-A Doea Rzbo
Monda, Braovu a avut o admnstrate mtar numt de autortte de a
Bucuret. Dup 1945 s-a revent a vechea form a conducer orauu, cu
rezerva schmbr ttuatur n tmpu conducer comunste. Dup 1990, n
fruntea Braovuu s-au aat prmar deegat (Corne S|an n 1990, Marus
Costn 1990 - 1991, Vase Chosa 1991, Ion Gontea 1991 - februare 1992).
Dn 1992 pn n 1996 prmar aes a Braovuu a fost Adran Moruz
canddatu Convente Democrate, ar dn 1996 pn n 2004 berau Ioan
Ghe. Actuau prmar, George Scrpcaru, desemnat n urma aegeror ocae
dn 2004 reaes n 2008, este membru a Partduu Democrat-Lbera, nd
totodat vcepreednte a acestua.
Consu Loca este compus dn 27 de conser mprtt astfe dup rezutatu
aegeror ocae dn 2012. 10 une :
Partd Conser Componenta Consuu
44,5%Ununea Soca-Lbera 12

33,3%Partdu Democrat Lbera 9

7,4% Forumu Democrat a Germanor dn Romna 2

7,4% Partdu Poporuu - Dan Daconescu 2

7,4% Ununea Democrat a Magharor dn Romna 2

Prmar orauu|modcare | modcare surs|
1996|23| - 2000 - Ghe Ioan, de a Partdu Lbera 1993
2000|24| - 2004 - Ghe Ioan, de a PNL
2004|25| - 2008 - Scrpcaru George, de a PD
2008|26| - 2012 - Scrpcaru George, de a PDL
2012|27| - 2016 - Scrpcaru George, de a PDL
Ate nsttut admnstratve|modcare | modcare surs|
Pota Braov: Drector Gabre Dragomr
Parchetu de pe ng Curtea de Ape Braov: Procuror genera Saramet A.
Vore
Curtea de Ape Braov: |udector Drghc Octavan
Brgada de Pomper Braov: Lt. co. Ioan-Stean Rechtean
Pota Muncpuu Braov: Comsar Sef de Pote Davd Ioan Dore
Pota Comuntar Braov: Drector Eugen Adea
Comandamentu |andarmor dn Braov: Lt. Co. Mrcea Gavr
Centruu Mtar |udetean dn Braov Co. Ion-Georgc Botnescu
Admnstrata Fnanteor Pubce a Muncpuu Braov: Drector Lucan
Vonescu
Brou Vama Braov: Sef brou Vore Soptc
Ma mute nsttut pot gste ac.
Cartere|modcare | modcare surs|
Braovu are 15 cartere, dup cum urmeaz:
Carteru Noua
Noua - Drste
Astra (Steagu Rou)
Vaea Cett
Avantgarden|necest ctare|
Foror - Crater (Kreter)
Centru Nou - Centru Cvc
Tractoru
Bartoomeu Nord
Bartoomeu
Centru Vech
Prund - Sche
Tra|
Uzna 2
Stupn
Poana Braov - avnd un caracter tota speca de a restuu orauu datort
prncpaeor functun: tursm montan de nve nternatona.
Aceste cartere se mpart, a rndu or, n zone ma mc, subcartere, cu
denumre consacrat, cee ma mc dvzun ae orauu nd ns
ntersecte sau zonee cu denumr ceebre (Onx, Ceasu' Ru, Gemen,
Fget, Meu Ab, Modarom etc.).
Zona Metropotan|modcare | modcare surs|
Artco prncpa: Zona Metropotan Braov.
Reat externe|modcare | modcare surs|
Orae nfrtte|28|
Fnanda Tampere, Fnanda, dn 1989
Fran[a Tours, Franta, dn 1990
|apona Musashno, |apona, dn 1991
Ungara Gyor, Ungara, dn 1993
Israe Rshon LeZon, Israe, dn 1996
Israe Netanya, Israe, dn 1999
Danemarca Hostebro, Danemarca, dn 2005
Bearus Mnsk, Bearus, dn 2005
Greca Trkaa, Greca, dn 2005
Regatu Unt Leeds, Marea Brtane
Germana Nrnberg, Germana, dn 2014
Orae partenere
Anga Lverpoo, Anga, dn 1991
Bega Gent, Bega, dn 1993
Greca Kastora, Greca, dn 1999
Turca Kemer, Turca, dn 1999
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